The November Group () was a group of German

expressionist Expressionism is a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Northern Europe around the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it rad ...

artist An artist is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or demonstrating the work of art. The most common usage (in both everyday speech and academic discourse) refers to a practitioner in the visual arts o ...

s and

architects An architect is a person who plans, designs, and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...

. Formed on 3 December 1918, they took their name from the month of the

German Revolution German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

. The group was led by Max Pechstein and César Klein. Linked less by their styles of art than by shared

socialist Socialism is an economic ideology, economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse Economic system, economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership. It describes ...

values, the group campaigned for radical artists to have a greater say in such issues as the organisation of art schools, and new laws around the arts. The group merged in December 1918 with '' Arbeitsrat für Kunst'' ( Workers Council of the arts – or 'The Art Soviet').

History of the artist group

After its founding meeting on 3 December 1918 in

Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...

, the Novembergruppe published an appeal in the Expressionist journal with the title ''Die schöne Rarität,'' which was also sent out as a circular letter to artists throughout Germany on 13 December 1918, soliciting further members. The association's first office was located at 113 Potsdamer Strasse in Berlin (destroyed during the Second World War, level with today's No. 81). The house belonged to the art dealer and publisher Wolfgang Gurlitt. The artists and founding members César Klein and Max Pechstein in particular had been associated with the art dealer for some time. In the first few months, 170 artists joined the newly founded Novembergruppe: 49 of them alone came from the editorial environment of

Herwarth Walden Herwarth Walden (actual name Georg Lewin; 16 September 1879 – 31 October 1941) was a German expressionist artist and art expert in many disciplines. He is broadly acknowledged as one of the most important discoverers and promoters of German av ...

's magazine Sturm. In the beginning, the artists' group was joined by Italian Futurists, important

DADA Dada () or Dadaism was an anti-establishment art movement that developed in 1915 in the context of the Great War and the earlier anti-art movement. Early centers for dadaism included Zürich and Berlin. Within a few years, the movement had s ...

artists as well as important

Bauhaus The Staatliches Bauhaus (), commonly known as the , was a German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined Decorative arts, crafts and the fine arts.Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 4th edn., ...

members, some of whom belonged to the older Werkbund.

Weimar Republic

The artists of the November group described themselves as radical and revolutionary. Their work, like that of the similar '' Arbeitsrat für Kunst'' (Working Council for Art), aimed to support a socialist revolution in Germany. A key objective of the group was the union of art and the people. Furthermore, the group tried to influence public and cultural aspects of society. In order to be entered in the register of associations, the association formulated the “representation and promotion of its artistic interests” as the purpose of its association in its statutes and gave itself an organisational form that endured with slight modifications in the following years. The executive committee consisted of a chairman, a secretary and a treasurer. The association had itself entered in the Berlin register of associations on 20 August 1920. Characteristic of the artists of the November Group was a style syncretism that was often referred to as Cubofutoexpressionism. The neologism refers to

Cubism Cubism is an early-20th-century avant-garde art movement which began in Paris. It revolutionized painting and the visual arts, and sparked artistic innovations in music, ballet, literature, and architecture. Cubist subjects are analyzed, broke ...

Futurism Futurism ( ) was an Art movement, artistic and social movement that originated in Italy, and to a lesser extent in other countries, in the early 20th century. It emphasized dynamism, speed, technology, youth, violence, and objects such as the ...

and

Expressionism Expressionism is a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Northern Europe around the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it rad ...

. The November Group was known for the diversity of its styles and disciplines, but is also criticised for this lack of uniformity and the resulting difficulty in classifying them stylistically. This diversity ranged from Expressionism and Cubism to Constructivism and represented “a middle ground between visionary and lyrical expressivity, constructive pictorial organisation and a sensitive and milieu-oriented objectivity.” From July to December 1920, the Novembergruppe published six issues of the journal ''Der Kunsttopf''. The texts reflected the liberal attitude of the authors, who consisted of members of the association as well as guests. The numerous illustrations documented the heterogeneous stylistic spectrum represented by the Novembergruppe. Recurring themes were the social responsibility of art and the opening of disciplines to collaborative work. At the beginning of 1921,

Raoul Hausmann Raoul Hausmann (July 12, 1886 – February 1, 1971) was an Austrian artist and writer. One of the key figures in Berlin Dada, his experimental photographic collages, sound poetry, and institutional critiques would have a profound influence on ...

attempted to take a leading role in the November Group. He drafted a sketch for the redesign of the ''Kunstopf'' in January. Together with Hans Siebert von Heister, Hausmann edited a new journal entitled NG (publication of the November Group), whose cover was designed by the artist

Hannah Höch Hannah Höch (; 1 November 1889 – 31 May 1978) was a German Dada artist. She is best known for her work of the Weimar Republic, Weimar period, when she was one of the originators of photomontage. Photomontage, or fotomontage, is a type of collag ...

. The project was discontinued after only one issue. With the dissolution of the ''Arbeitsrat für Kunst'' in spring 1921, many architects who had hitherto been organised in this association joined the November Group. In the same year, artists from the left wing of the November Group called for an end to the “bourgeois development” of the artists. The declaration was signed by

Otto Dix Wilhelm Heinrich Otto Dix (; 2 December 1891 – 25 July 1969) was a German painter and Printmaking, printmaker, noted for his ruthless and harshly realistic depictions of German society during the Weimar Republic and the brutality of war. Alon ...

George Grosz George Grosz (; ; born Georg Ehrenfried Groß; July 26, 1893 – July 6, 1959) was a German artist known especially for his caricatural drawings and paintings of Berlin life in the 1920s. He was a prominent member of the Berlin Dada and New Obj ...

, Raoul Hausmann,

John Heartfield John Heartfield (born Helmut Herzfeld; 19 June 1891 – 26 April 1968) was a German visual artist who pioneered the use of art as a political weapon. Some of his most famous photomontages were anti-Nazi and anti-fascist statements. Heartfield a ...

, Hannah Höch, Rudolf Schlichter and Georg Scholz. On 20 January 1922, the general assembly of the Novembergruppe decided to admit writers and sound artists. In 1922, the decentralised November Group restructured away from a conglomeration of local groups and became part of the “Cartel of advanced artistic groups in Germany” (in German: ''Kartell fortschrittlicher Künstlergruppen in Deutschland''). As well as painters, there were many artists from other disciplines such as architecture and music. The musicians became one of the driving forces under their leader Max Butting (later replaced by

Hans Heinz Stuckenschmidt Hans Heinz Stuckenschmidt (1 November 1901 – 15 August 1988) was a German composer, musicologist, and historian and critic of music. Life Stuckenschmidt was born in Strasbourg. At as early an age as 19, he was the Berlin-based music criti ...

). At the end of 1924,

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Ludwig Mies van der Rohe ( ; ; born Maria Ludwig Michael Mies; March 27, 1886August 17, 1969) was a German-American architect, academic, and interior designer. He was commonly referred to as Mies, his surname. He is regarded as one of the pionee ...

took over the chairmanship of the association. In January 1925, the latter proposed that the management of the group must be professionalised in commercial terms. Hugo Graetz then became managing director and the association's office was moved to his gallery (Kunsthandlung Hugo Graetz), which was located at Achenbachstraße 21 (at the level of today's Lietzenburger Straße 33) in Berlin-Schöneberg. Werner J. Schweiger: Fraenkel & Co. (Josef Altmann) ntry for planned publication Lexikon des Kunsthandels der Moderne im deutschsprachigen Raum 1905-1937 Berlinische Galerie, Kunstarchiv Schweiger, BG-WJS-M-1,10 On 3 and 10 May 1925, the November Group, in cooperation with the cultural department of UFA, organised the matinée ''Der absolute Film'' (The Absolute Film) at the Ufa-Palast on Kurfürstendamm in Berlin. Abstract and surrealist avant-garde films by German and French artists, including Ludwig Hirschfeld-Mack and

Francis Picabia Francis Picabia (: born Francis-Marie Martinez de Picabia; 22January 1879 – 30November 1953) was a French avant-garde painter, writer, filmmaker, magazine publisher, poet, and typography, typographist closely associated with Dada. When consid ...

, were presented. The matinee is considered to be the first public screening of abstract film in Germany and at the same time the culmination of experiments in absolute film. The artists were convinced that the experience of the accelerated movement of the technical age called for a new art, and they sought new, innovative forms of representation through film in order to create a genuine art of movement. The Berlin press strongly condemned the screening. At the beginning of 1927, all the architects except Alfred Gellhorn left the November Group and tried to represent their interests in the architects' association '' Der Ring'' (The Ring). Several visual artists and musicians also left the Novembergruppe in 1927. The loss of so many prominent comrades-in-arms plunged the association, which from this point on consisted of some 72 permanent members, into a serious crisis. The group parted company with its managing director Hugo Graetz in the spring of 1930 and moved its office to the rooms of the gallery ''Die Kunststube'', which was located at Königin-Augusta-Straße 22 in Berlin (today Reichpietschufer, at the height of house number 48). Members had already presented their works here on several occasions, including Otto Möller and Arthur Segal. The management of the art shop was in the hands of Ludwig Hermann Schütze and Charlotte Luke. The November Group held regular art festivals, costume parties, studio visits as well as literary and musical events.

National Socialism

After the

National Socialists Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...

came to power, all artists' and art associations were brought into line in the spring of 1933. This is effectively equivalent to an exhibition ban for the Novembergruppe. Like all avant-garde associations, the Novembergruppe was no longer permitted to participate in public exhibitions. The association was officially deprived of its legal capacity on 24 July 1935. Whether the dissolution of the Novembergruppe was requested or enforced by the Nazis themselves cannot be said with certainty due to the patchy nature of the files. The November Group was called the Red November Group by the National Socialists. Because of their commitment to abstraction and atonality, their members were reviled as Bolshevik. In the diatribe ''Säuberung des Kunsttempels'' (The Cleaning of the Temple of Art) by Wolfgang Willrich, 174 former members and guests of the association were listed by name and publicly pilloried as “degenerate”. Like many avant-garde artists, former members of the Novembergruppe were dismissed from public office. According to Oskar Schlemmer, the dissolution of the artists' group began as early as 1932.

Exhibitions

Exhibitions were regularly organised as the most important means of self-expression. Every year, the members of the artists' group were represented at the '' Große Berliner Kunstausstellung'' (Great Berlin Art Exhibition) with their own room. In addition, they exhibited together with the artists of their local groups scattered throughout the republic of the

Weimar Germany The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich, was the German Reich, German state from 1918 to 1933, during which it was a constitutional republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclai ...

. The Novembergruppe invited important international artists or representatives of artist groups to its exhibitions. Thus in 1919

Marc Chagall Marc Chagall (born Moishe Shagal; – 28 March 1985) was a Russian and French artist. An early modernism, modernist, he was associated with the School of Paris, École de Paris, as well as several major art movement, artistic styles and created ...

, in 1920

Georges Braque Georges Braque ( ; ; 13 May 1882 – 31 August 1963) was a major 20th-century List of French artists, French painter, Collage, collagist, Drawing, draughtsman, printmaker and sculptor. His most notable contributions were in his alliance with ...

Fernand Léger Joseph Fernand Henri Léger (; February 4, 1881 – August 17, 1955) was a French painting, painter, sculpture, sculptor, and film director, filmmaker. In his early works he created a personal form of cubism (known as "tubism") which he gradually ...

and Marie Laurencin, in 1922 Henryk Berlewi and in 1923

El Lissitzky El Lissitzky (, born Lazar Markovich Lissitzky , ; – 30 December 1941), was a Soviet Jewish artist, active as a painter, illustrator, designer, printmaker, photographer, and architect. He was an important figure of the Russian avant-garde, h ...

(with his legendary Proun Room) were represented in the Novembergruppe's section at the ''Große Berliner Kunstausstellung''. Also in 1923, Ivan Puni and László Péri were among the exhibitors. In the spring of 1922, the “Cartel of advanced artistic groups in Germany” (in German: ''Kartell fortschrittlicher Künstlergruppen in Deutschland''), of which the November Group was a member, participated unitedly in the First International Art Exhibition in the rooms of the

Düsseldorf Düsseldorf is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany. It is the second-largest city in the state after Cologne and the List of cities in Germany with more than 100,000 inhabitants, seventh-largest city ...

department stores' Leonhard Tietz. One of the most important international exhibition collaborations was a graphics exhibition held in collaboration with the Italian Futurists at the ''Casa d'Arte'' in

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

from 23 October to the end of November 1920, arranged by

Filippo Tommaso Marinetti Filippo Tommaso Emilio Marinetti (; 22 December 1876 – 2 December 1944) was an Italian poet, editor, art theorist and founder of the Futurist movement. He was associated with the utopian and Symbolist artistic and literary community Abbaye de ...

and Novembergruppe member Enrico Prampolini. In 1921, the association was represented at the 16th Jury-Free Art Exhibition at the

Stedelijk Museum The Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam (; Municipal Museum Amsterdam), colloquially known as the Stedelijk, is a museum for modern art, contemporary art, and design located in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , ; ; ) is the capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, largest city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It has a population of 933,680 in June 2024 within the city proper, 1,457,018 in the City Re ...

from 5 February to 6 March, at the invitation of the Dutch artists' group ''De Onafhankelijken''. In October 1924, the First General German Art Exhibition in

Soviet Russia The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the labo ...

took place in

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

, which subsequently travelled to

Leningrad Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

(now Saint-Petersburg) and

Saratov Saratov ( , ; , ) is the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and administrative center of Saratov Oblast, Russia, and a major port on the Volga River. Saratov had a population of 901,361, making it the List of cities and tow ...

. Thirteen German artists' associations participated, with the November Group being the most strongly represented group with 24 artists. The show became a great success with the Russian public, to whom German art had been largely unknown until then. In 1925, a cohesive group of Prague architects participated in the November Group's exhibition at the ''Große Berliner Kunstausstellung''. In 1926, more than 30 architects from the November Group participated in the ''Berlin Baukunst exhibition''. The

Kazimir Malevich Kazimir Severinovich Malevich (

Show in 1927, organised by the November Group, was one of the highlights of its exhibition history. In addition, the association repeatedly exhibited in local galleries in Berlin: for example, in April/May 1920, an exhibition was held at the Gurlitt Gallery. This was followed by a smaller Novembergruppe exhibition from 4 to 30 November 1920 at the book and art antiquarian shop Fraenkel & Co (Josef Altmann). Josef Altmann, who had run the small gallery since 1914, can be considered the first art dealer of the Novembergruppe, who also represented individual members. Altmann's gallery again held a group exhibition from 1 to 30 November 1921.

Members

Founding members

The group was initially founded mainly by painters Max Pechstein, Georg Tappert, César Klein, Moriz Melzer and Heinrich Richter. At the first meeting on 3 December 1918 they were joined by Karl Jakob Hirsch, Bernhard Hasler, Richard Janthur, Rudolf Bauer, Bruno Krauskopf, Otto Freundlich, Wilhelm Schmid, the sculptor Rudolf Belling and the architect

Erich Mendelsohn Erich Mendelsohn (); 21 March 1887 – 15 September 1953) was a German-British architect, known for his expressionist architecture in the 1920s, as well as for developing a dynamic functionalism in his projects for department stores and cinem ...

. From this group the first working committee were drawn.

Women in the November Group

As in other revolutionary artists' associations, there were only a few women on the membership list of the Novembergruppe. Of the 49 founding members from the Sturm circle, Hilla Rebay was only one woman, although a large number of women were active in the Sturm circle. This was different at exhibitions of the November Group. Here, several women participated in exhibitions, in addition to Hannah Höch and Marie Laurencin, for example, Emy Roeder and Emmy Klinker.

List of members

A definitive list of all the members of the group is difficult to establish due to a lack of early documentation. According to research conducted by the Berlinische Galerie as part of the exhibition project ''Freedom. The art of the Novembergruppe 1918–1935'' (2018), three lists of members have survived. Georg Tappert compiled a handwritten list of members in 1918, which is now in the estate of Walter Gropius in the Bauhaus Archive Berlin.Bauhaus Archive, Walter Gropius estate, GS 2/Mappe 9, 2.5. A second list with the membership of the Novembergruppe was printed in the catalogue of 1925. A third list of members from 1930 was compiled by the Novembergruppe's managing director, Hugo Graetz, a copy of which is now in the Archive of the

Academy of Arts An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of tertiary education. The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 386 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the go ...

in Berlin.Akademie der Künste Berlin, Autograph Collection Fine Arts, BK 1 NG. Among the mostly over 120 members were architects, painters, musicians and art theorists. The following is a listing of the members alphabetically by the first letter of the surname:

A

* (noted on list from 1918) * Jankel Adler (noted on list from 1930) *

Lou Albert-Lasard Lou Albert-Lasard (1885 in Metz – July 1969 in Paris) was an Expressionist painter. She was born in 1885 in Metz (then part of Germany) to a Jewish banking family. From 1908 until 1914, she studied art in Munich, where she and her sister, ...

George Antheil George Johann Carl Antheil ( ; July 8, 1900 – February 12, 1959) was an American avant-garde composer, pianist, author, and inventor whose modernist musical compositions explored the sounds – musical, industrial, and mechanical – of the ear ...

Jean Arp Hans Peter Wilhelm Arp (; ; 16 September 1886 – 7 June 1966), better known as Jean Arp in English, was a German-French sculptor, painter and poet. He was known as a Dadaist and an abstract artist. Early life Arp was born Hans Peter Wilhelm Ar ...

(noted on list from 1918, 1925 and 1930) *

B

* Willi Baumeister (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) *

Herbert Bayer Herbert Bayer (April 5, 1900 – September 30, 1985) was an Austrian and American graphic designer, painter, photographer, sculptor, art director, environmental and interior designer, and architect. He was instrumental in the development of the ...

(noted on list from 1925) *

Peter Behrens Peter Behrens (14 April 1868 – 27 February 1940) was a leading Germany, German architect, graphic and industrial designer, best known for his early pioneering AEG turbine factory, AEG Turbine Hall in Berlin in 1909. He had a long career, desi ...

(noted on list from 1918) * (noted on list from 1930) * Rudolf Belling (noted on list from 1918, 1925 and 1930) * (noted on list from 1918) * Peter August Böckstiegel (noted on list from 1918) * Kseniya Boguslavskaya (noted on list from 1930) * * (noted on list from 1930) *

Marcel Breuer Marcel Lajos Breuer ( ; 21 May 1902 – 1 July 1981) was a Hungarian-American modernist architect and furniture designer. He moved to the United States in 1937 and became a naturalized American citizen in 1944. At the Bauhaus he designed the Was ...

(noted on list from 1930) * Max Butting

C

* Heinrich Campendonk (noted on list from 1918 and 1930)

D

* Heinrich Maria Davringhausen * Walter Dexel (noted on list from 1925) *Christof Drexel *Kinner von Dressler (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) * (noted on list from 1930) * (noted on list from 1918)

E

* (noted on list from 1918 and 1930) *A. Eberhardt (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) * (noted on list from 1918, 1925 and 1930) * Viking Eggeling (noted on list from 1925) * Heinrich Ehmsen (noted on list from 1930) *

Hanns Eisler Hanns Eisler (6 July 1898 – 6 September 1962) was a German-Austrian composer. He is best known for composing the national anthem of East Germany, for his long artistic association with Bertolt Brecht, and for the scores he wrote for films. The ...

(noted on list from 1930) * (noted on list from 1925)

F

* Anton Faistauer (noted on list from 1918) * Bedřich Feigl (noted on list from 1918) *

Lyonel Feininger Lyonel Charles Adrian Feininger (; July 17, 1871January 13, 1956) was a German-American painter, and a leading exponent of Expressionism. He also worked as a caricaturist and comic strip artist. He was born and grew up in New York City. In 1887 h ...

(noted on list from 1925 and 1930) * Conrad Felixmüller (noted on list from 1918 and 1930) *Oskar Fischer (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) * Peter Foerster (noted on list from 1925) * Fred Forbát (noted on list from 1930) * (noted on list from 1918, 1925 and 1930) * Otto Freundlich *Theodor Fried (noted on list from 1930) *Alexander Friedrich (noted on list from 1918) * (noted on list from 1918 and 1925)

G

* (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) * Paul Gösch (noted on list from 1925) * Yefim Golyshev (noted on list from 1918) * (noted on list from 1918) * (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) * Walter Gramatté (noted on list from 1918) * Otto Griebel (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) *

Walter Gropius Walter Adolph Georg Gropius (; 18 May 1883 – 5 July 1969) was a German-born American architect and founder of the Bauhaus, Bauhaus School, who is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modernist architecture. He was a founder of ...

(noted on list from 1925) *Otto Großmann (noted on list from 1918) *

(noted on list from 1930) * (noted on list from 1925)

H

* Hugo Häring (noted on list from 1925) * (noted on list from 1918) * (noted on list from 1930) * (noted on list from 1930) * Gustav Havemann (noted on list from 1925) *

(noted on list from 1930) * (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) * (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) *

Wieland Herzfelde Wieland Herzfelde ( Herzfeld; 11 April 1896 – 23 November 1988) was a German publisher and writer. He is particularly known for his links with German avant-garde art and Marxist thought, and was the brother of the photo montage artist John H ...

(noted on list from 1930) * (noted on list from 1918, 1925 and 1930) *

Ludwig Hilberseimer Ludwig Karl Hilberseimer (September 14, 1885 – May 6, 1967) was a German architect and urban planner best known for his ties to the Bauhaus and to Mies van der Rohe, as well as for his work in urban planning at Armour Institute of Technology ( ...

(noted on list from 1925) * (noted on list from 1918, 1925 and 1930) * (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) *Wilhelm Heckrot *

(noted on list from 1925 and 1930) * Bernhard Hoetger (noted on list from 1918) * (noted on list from 1918, 1925 and 1930) * Jascha Horenstein (noted on list from 1930)

I

* Johannes Itten (noted on list from 1930)

J

* Philipp Jarnach (noted on list from 1925) * Alexej Jawlensky (noted on list from 1930) * (noted on list from 1930)

K

* (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) *

Wassily Kandinsky Wassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky ( – 13 December 1944) was a Russian painter and art theorist. Kandinsky is generally credited as one of the pioneers of abstract art, abstraction in western art. Born in Moscow, he spent his childhood in ...

(noted on list from 1925 and 1930) * Joachim Karsch (noted on list from 1930) *Rita Kersten-Andexer (noted on list from 1918) * Martin Kessel (noted on list from 1925) * (noted on list from 1918) *Bernhard Klein (noted on list from 1918, 1925 and 1930) * Cesar Klein (noted on list from 1918, 1925 and 1930) *Fritz Klein (noted on list from 1918 and 1925) *

Oskar Kokoschka Oskar Kokoschka (1 March 1886 – 22 February 1980) was an Austrian artist, poet, playwright and teacher, best known for his intense expressionistic portraits and landscapes, as well as his theories on vision that influenced the Viennese Expre ...

(noted on list from 1918) *

Arthur Korn Arthur Korn (20 May 1870 – 21 December/22 December 1945) was a German physicist, mathematician and inventor. He was involved in the development of the fax machine, specifically the transmission of photographs or telephotography, known as the ...

(noted on list from 1925) * (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) *Heinrich Kosnick (noted on list from 1930) *Hans Krebs (noted on list from 1925) * (noted on list from 1930) *

Alfred Kubin Alfred Leopold Isidor Kubin (10 April 1877 – 20 August 1959) was an Austrian artist, printmaker, illustrator, and occasional writer. Kubin is considered an important representative of Symbolism and Expressionism. Biography Kubin was born i ...

(noted on list from 1918)

L

* Otto Lange (noted on list from 1918, 1925 and 1930) *Eva Lau (noted on list from 1918) *Georg Leschnitzer (noted on list from 1918) *

* (noted on list from 1930) * Hans Luckhardt (noted on list from 1925) * Wassili Luckhardt (noted on list from 1925)

M

* Thilo Maatsch (noted on list from 1930) * Ewald Mataré (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) * Max Hermann Maxy (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) * Ludwig Meidner (noted on list from 1918) * (noted on list from 1918, 1925 and 1930) *

(noted on list from 1918) * Carlo Mense (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) *

(noted on list from 1925) * (noted on list from 1918, 1925 and 1930) * (noted on list from 1918, 1925 and 1930) *

László Moholy-Nagy László Moholy-Nagy (; ; born László Weisz; July 20, 1895 – November 24, 1946) was a Kingdom of Hungary, Hungarian painter and photographer as well as a professor in the Bauhaus school. He was highly influenced by Constructivism (art), con ...

(noted on list from 1930) * Georg Muche (noted on list from 1930) * (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) * Otto Mueller (noted on list from 1918)

N

* Otto Nagel (noted on list from 1930) * (noted on list from 1930)

O

Jacobus Oud Jacobus Johannes Pieter Oud (9 February 1890 – 5 April 1963) was a Dutch architect. His fame began as a follower of the ''De Stijl'' movement. Biography Oud was born in Purmerend, the son of a tobacco and wine merchant. As a young architect, ...

(noted on list from 1925 and 1930)

P

* Max Pechstein (noted on list from 1918) * Felix Petyrek (noted on list from 1925) *

Hans Poelzig Hans Poelzig (30 April 1869 – 14 June 1936) was a German architect, painter and set designer. Life Poelzig was born in Berlin in 1869 to Countess Clara Henrietta Maria Poelzig while she was married to George Acland Ames, an Englishman. Uncert ...

(noted on list from 1925) *Fritz Pollack (noted on list from 1930) * Enrico Prampolini (noted on list from 1925) * Ivan Puni (noted on list from 1930) *Carl Puxkandl (noted on list from 1925 and 1930)

R

* Franz Radziwill (noted on list from 1930) * Hilla von Rebay * (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) * Hans Richter (noted on list from 1918 and 1930) * Heinrich Richter (noted on list from 1918, 1925 and 1930) *

Joachim Ringelnatz Joachim Ringelnatz is the pen name of the German author and painter Hans Bötticher (7 August 1883 in Wurzen, Saxony – 17 November 1934 in Berlin). From 1894 to 1900 he lived with his family in the Gottschedstrasse 40 in Leipzig. Profile Hi ...

(noted on list from 1930) * Karl Rössing (noted on list from 1930) * Christian Rohlfs (noted on list from 1930) *Berti Rosenberg (noted on list from 1925) * (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) *

Walter Ruttmann Walter Ruttmann (28 December 1887 – 15 July 1941) was a German cinematographer and film director, an important German abstract experimental film maker, along with Hans Richter, Viking Eggeling and Oskar Fischinger. He is best known for dir ...

(noted on list from 1925 and 1930)

S

Hans Scharoun Bernhard Hans Henry Scharoun (; 20 September 1893 – 25 November 1972) was a German architect best known for designing the (home to the Berlin Philharmonic) and the Schminke House in Löbau, Saxony. He was an important exponent of Organic arc ...

* Edwin Scharff (noted on list from 1918) * Margarete Scheel (noted on list from 1918) * Hermann Scherchen (noted on list from 1930) * Oskar Schlemmer (noted on list from 1925) * Rudolf Schlichter (noted on list from 1930) * Wilhelm Schmid (noted on list from 1918, 1925 and 1930) * (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) *

Georg Schrimpf Georg Schrimpf (13 February 1889 – 19 April 1938) was a German painter and graphic artist. Along with Otto Dix, George Grosz and Christian Schad, Schrimpf is broadly acknowledged as a main representative of the art movement ''Neue Sachlichkei ...

(noted on list from 1918, 1925 and 1930) *Richard Schrötter (noted on list from 1930) * (noted on list from 1930) *

Kurt Schwitters Kurt Hermann Eduard Karl Julius Schwitters (20 June 1887 – 8 January 1948) was a German artist. He was born in Hanover, Germany, but lived in exile from 1937. Schwitters worked in several genres and media, including Dadaism, Constructivism (a ...

(noted on list from 1918) * Arthur Segal (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) * Lasar Segall (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) * (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) *Meta Speier (noted on list from 1930) * Hans Spiegel (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) * Walter Spies * Mart Stam (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) * Heinrich Stegemann (noted on list from 1925) * Milly Steger (noted on list from 1918) * Gertrud Stemmler (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) * Irma Stern *Franz Stock (noted on list from 1925 and 1930) * (noted on list from 1918) * Fritz Stuckenberg (noted on list from 1930) *

(noted on list from 1930)

T

* Georg Tappert (noted on list from 1918, 1925 and 1930) *

Bruno Taut Bruno Julius Florian Taut (4 May 1880 – 24 December 1938) was a renowned German architect, urban planner and author. He was active during the Weimar period and is known for his theoretical works as well as his building designs. Early l ...

(noted on list from 1925) *

Max Taut Max Taut (15 May 1884 – 26 February 1967) was a German architect. Biography Max Taut was born in Königsberg, the younger brother of Bruno Taut. He, his brother and Franz Hoffman formed Taut & Hoffman, an architecture firm in Berlin, In th ...

(noted on list from 1925) * Heinrich Tessenow (noted on list from 1925) * Heinz Tiessen(noted on list from 1925) *Eduard Trautner (noted on list from 1925)

U

*Rudolf Utzinger (noted on list from 1925)

V

Karl Völker Karl Völker (17 October 1889 – 28 December 1962) was a German architect and painter associated with the New Objectivity movement. He was born in Halle, Saxony-Anhalt. After an apprenticeship as an interior decorator from 1904 to 1910, he stud ...

(noted on list from 1925 and 1930) * Wladimir Rudolfowitsch Vogel (noted on list from 1930)

W

*Nicolai Wassiliew (noted on list from 1930) * (noted on list from 1930) *

Kurt Weill Kurt Julian Weill (; ; March 2, 1900April 3, 1950) was a German-born American composer active from the 1920s in his native country, and in his later years in the United States. He was a leading composer for the stage who was best known for hi ...

(noted on list from 1925 and 1930) * (noted on list from 1930) * ((noted on list from 1930) * Carel Willink * Gert Wollheim * Stefan Wolpe (noted on list from 1930)

Z

*Willy Zierath (noted on list from 1918)

References

Literature

* Helga Kliemann: ''Die Novembergruppe.'' Gebr. Mann, Berlin 1969. * Galerie Nierendorf: ''Künstler der Novembergruppe.'' Ausstellungskatalog Galerie Nierendorf,Berlin 1985. * Galerie Bodo Niemann: ''Die Novembergruppe.'' Ausstellungskatalog Galerie Niemann, Berlin 1993. * Will Grohmann (Hrsg.): ''10 Jahre Novembergruppe.'' Sonderheft der ''Kunst der Zeit.'' Klinkhardt&Biermann, Berlin 3.1928, 1-3. * Paul Bekker: ''Wesensformen der Musik.'' Veröffentlichung der Novembergruppe. B. Lachmann, Berlin 1925. * Max Butting: ''Musikgeschichte, die ich miterlebte.'' Henschel, Berlin 1955. * Christoph Wilhelmi: ''Künstlergruppen in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz seit 1900. Ein Handbuch'', Stuttgart 1996 * Irene Below: ''Between Africa and Europe'' in Irma Stern: Expressions of a Journey, Standard Bank Gallery, Johannesburg, 2003

External links

* Manifesto of the "November Group" translated into Austrian

Sign Language Sign languages (also known as signed languages) are languages that use the visual-manual modality to convey meaning, instead of spoken words. Sign languages are expressed through manual articulation in combination with #Non-manual elements, no ...

by Horst Dittric
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{{Authority control 1918 establishments in Germany German Expressionism Expressionist architecture Expressionist architects Architecture groups German art movements German artist groups and collectives German Revolution of 1918–1919 Weimar culture December 1918