The Neognathostomata are a superorder of
sea urchin
Sea urchins or urchins () are echinoderms in the class (biology), class Echinoidea. About 950 species live on the seabed, inhabiting all oceans and depth zones from the intertidal zone to deep seas of . They typically have a globular body cove ...
s.
Description and characteristics
They are distinguished from other sea urchins by their irregular shape and a highly modified feeding lantern. The group includes the well known
sand dollars, as well as some less familiar and extinct forms.
Taxonomy
* family
Apatopygidae Kier, 1962
* family
Archiaciidae Cotteau & Triger, 1869 †
* order
Cassiduloida
** superfamily
Cassidulina (Philip, 1963b)
*** family
Cassidulidae (L. Agassiz and Desor, 1847)
** superfamily
Neolampadina (Philip, 1963b)
*** family
Neolampadidae (Lambert, 1918a)
*** family
Pliolampadidae (Kier, 1962) †
* order
Clypeasteroida
Sand dollars (also known as sea cookies or snapper biscuits in New Zealand and Brazil, or pansy shells in South Africa) are species of flat, burrowing sea urchins belonging to the Order (biology), order Clypeasteroida. Some species within the or ...
A.Agassiz, 1872 ("sand dollars")
** suborder
Clypeasterina
*** family
Clypeasteridae L. Agassiz, 1835
*** family
Fossulasteridae Philip & Foster, 1971 †
*** family
Scutellinoididae Irwin, 1995 †
** family
Conoclypidae von Zittel, 1879 †
** family
Faujasiidae Lambert, 1905 †
** family
Oligopygidae Duncan, 1889 †
** family
Plesiolampadidae Lambert, 1905 †
** suborder
Scutellina
*** infraorder
Laganiformes
**** family
Echinocyamidae Lambert & Thiéry, 1914
**** family
Fibulariidae Gray, 1855
**** family
Laganidae Desor, 1858
*** infraorder
Scutelliformes
**** family
Echinarachniidae Lambert in Lambert & Thiéry, 1914
**** family
Eoscutellidae Durham, 1955 †
**** family
Protoscutellidae Durham, 1955 †
**** family
Rotulidae Gray, 1855
**** superfamily
Scutellidea Gray, 1825
***** family
Abertellidae Durham, 1955 †
***** family
Astriclypeidae Stefanini, 1912
***** family
Dendrasteridae Lambert, 1900
***** family
Mellitidae Stefanini, 1912
***** family
Monophorasteridae Lahille, 1896 †
***** family
Scutasteridae Durham, 1955 †
***** family
Scutellidae Gray, 1825
**** family
Taiwanasteridae Wang, 1984
*** family
Scutellinidae Pomel, 1888a †
* family
Clypeidae Lambert, 1898 †
* family
Clypeolampadidae Kier, 1962 †
* order
Echinolampadoida
** family
Echinolampadidae Gray, 1851a
* family
Nucleolitidae L. Agassiz & Desor, 1847 †
* family
Pygaulidae Lambert, 1905 †
* genus ''
Pygolampas''
Saucède, Dudicourt & Courville, 2012 †
References
*
*
Echinoidea
{{echinoidea-stub