Nefrusy was an
ancient Egyptian
Ancient Egypt () was a cradle of civilization concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in Northeast Africa. It emerged from prehistoric Egypt around 3150BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology), when Upper and Lower E ...
city which location is north of modern day cities of
El Ashmunein and
El Quseyya. It is known for being the site of
Battle of Nefrusy between the forces of
Kamose
Kamose was the last king of the Thebes, Egypt, Theban Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt, Seventeenth Dynasty at the end of the Second Intermediate Period. Kamose is usually ascribed a reign of three years (his highest attested regnal year), although s ...
and
Hyksos
The Hyksos (; Egyptian language, Egyptian ''wikt:ḥqꜣ, ḥqꜣ(w)-wikt:ḫꜣst, ḫꜣswt'', Egyptological pronunciation: ''heqau khasut'', "ruler(s) of foreign lands"), in modern Egyptology, are the kings of the Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt ( ...
forces, which saw the first attested use of
chariot
A chariot is a type of vehicle similar to a cart, driven by a charioteer, usually using horses to provide rapid Propulsion, motive power. The oldest known chariots have been found in burials of the Sintashta culture in modern-day Chelyabinsk O ...
s in the history of
Military of ancient Egypt.
History
In the
Old Kingdom
In ancient Egyptian history, the Old Kingdom is the period spanning –2200 BC. It is also known as the "Age of the Pyramids" or the "Age of the Pyramid Builders", as it encompasses the reigns of the great pyramid-builders of the Fourth Dynast ...
, Nefrusy is first attested in a tomb at
Hebenu where
Hathor
Hathor (, , , Meroitic language, Meroitic: ') was a major ancient Egyptian deities, goddess in ancient Egyptian religion who played a wide variety of roles. As a sky deity, she was the mother or consort of the sky god Horus and the sun god R ...
, mistress of Nefrusy is mentioned.
In the
Middle Kingdom, the place is mentioned several times in the tombs of
Beni Hasan
Beni Hasan (also written as Bani Hasan, or also Beni-Hassan) () is an ancient Egyptian cemetery. It is located approximately to the south of modern-day Minya in the region known as Middle Egypt, the area between Asyut and Memphis.Baines, John ...
where Hathor, lady of Nefrusy is also mentioned. Hetepet, consort of the nomarch
Amenemhet was a priestess of Hathor of Nefrusy.
Under Teti son of Pepi, Nefrusy is described in the victory stela of Kamose as a 'nest of Asiatics'. Kamose destroyed Nefrusy on his campaign against the Hyksos.
In the
New Kingdom
New or NEW may refer to:
Music
* New, singer of K-pop group The Boyz
* ''New'' (album), by Paul McCartney, 2013
** "New" (Paul McCartney song), 2013
* ''New'' (EP), by Regurgitator, 1995
* "New" (Daya song), 2017
* "New" (No Doubt song), 1 ...
, other mayors residing there were Iuno, Mahu, Iamunefer, Pahahauti are known by name.
Hieroglyphic Descriptor
Modern Location
Its location has been suggested by
Gaston Maspero
Sir Gaston Camille Charles Maspero (23 June 1846 – 30 June 1916) was a French Egyptologist and director general of excavations and antiquities for the Egyptian government. Widely regarded as the foremost Egyptologist of his generation, he be ...
to be at modern village of Etlidem south of
Minya, and by
Georges Daressy to be at modern village of Balansourah on the canal of
Bahr Yussef
The Bahr Yussef (; "the waterway of Joseph") is a canal which connects the Nile River with Faiyum Oasis in Egypt.
In ancient times it was called Tomis () by the Greeks, which was derived from its Egyptian name ''Tm.t'' ("ending canal"). That nam ...
west of
Abu Qirqas.
See also
*
References
Bibliography
*Wilkinson, Toby. ''The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt''. Random House, New York, 2010.
*Ryholt, Kim SB. ''The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period''. Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, Copenhagen, 1997. {{ISBN, 87-7289-421-0
Cities in ancient Egypt
Lost ancient cities and towns
Former populated places in Egypt
Archaeological sites in Egypt