National Key Universities
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National Key Universities () is a term previously used to refer to universities recognized as prestigious and which received a high level of support from the central government of the
People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
. The term is no longer in official use by 1990s. The term "zhòngdiǎn" (), translated here as "key" in this phrase can also be translated as "major", "priority" or "focal". The term "National Key Universities" then became defunct, and these schools are now normally referred to as " Double First Class Universities“, based on the China state
Double First-Class Construction The World First-Class Universities and First-Class Academic Disciplines Construction (), together known as Double First-Class Construction (), is a higher education development and sponsorship scheme of the Chinese central government, initiated ...
. However, it remains part of the vernacular, as evidenced by some Chinese media articles which still refer to "National Key Universities".


Membership

In December 1954, six schools were first designated by the Ministry of Education as national key universities:
Peking University Peking University (PKU) is a Public university, public Types of universities and colleges in China#By designated academic emphasis, university in Haidian, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of the Peop ...
,
Tsinghua University Tsinghua University (THU) is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Constructio ...
,
Renmin University of China The Renmin University of China (RUC) is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China. The university is affiliated with the Ministry of Education, and co-funded by the Ministry of Education and the Beijing Municipal People's Government. The ...
, Harbin Institute of Technology, Beijing Medical College, and Beijing University of Agriculture. A list of 20 National Key Universities was subsequently identified by the Chinese government in 1959, and included
Peking University Peking University (PKU) is a Public university, public Types of universities and colleges in China#By designated academic emphasis, university in Haidian, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of the Peop ...
,
Tsinghua University Tsinghua University (THU) is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Constructio ...
,
University of Science and Technology of China The University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) is a public university in Hefei, China. It is affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and co-funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Ministry of Education of the People' ...
,
Renmin University The Renmin University of China (RUC) is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, Haidian, Beijing, China. The university is affiliated with the Ministry of Education (China), Ministry of Education, and co-funded by the Ministry of Education and ...
, Beijing University of Agriculture,
Beijing Normal University Beijing Normal University (BNU) () is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, Haidian, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education (China), Ministry of Education of China, and co-funded by the Ministry of Education and the B ...
, Beijing Institute of Aeronautics,
Beijing Institute of Technology The Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) is a Public university, public, Comprehensive school, comprehensive, Research university, research university located in Haidian District, Haidian District, Beijing City, China. The university is part o ...
,
Beijing Medical University Peking University Health Science Center is the medical school of Peking University, which has 14 affiliated hospitals in Beijing, China. It was formerly the independent Beijing Medical University between 1952 and 2000. History It was first esta ...
,
Fudan University Fudan University (FDU) is a public university, national public university in Yangpu, Shanghai, Yangpu, Shanghai, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education (China), Ministry of Education and is co-funded with the Shanghai Municipal ...
,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) is a public university in Shanghai, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 98 ...
, East China Normal University, Shanghai First Medical College, Tianjin University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Xi'an Jiao Tong University and Northwestern Polytechnical University. By the end of 1960, another 44 universities were added into the list, which amounted to 64 national key universities. By the end of 1965, there were 68 National Key Universities, including
Zhejiang University Zhejiang University (ZJU) is a public university, public research university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education (China), Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and D ...
,
Peking Union Medical College Peking Union Medical College, also as Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, is a national public medical sciences research institution in Dongcheng, Beijing, Dongcheng, Beijing, China. Originally founded in 1906, it is affiliated with the Nationa ...
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Nanjing University Nanjing University (NJU) is a public university in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. It is affiliated and sponsored by the Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. The univers ...
,
Sun Yat-sen University Sun Yat-sen University (; SYSU) is a public university in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education, and co-funded by the Ministry of Education, SASTIND, and Guangdong Provincial Government. The university is p ...
, Southeast University,
Tongji University Tongji University is a public university located in Shanghai, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. Tongji is one of the ...
,
Wuhan University Wuhan University (WHU; 武汉大学) is a key comprehensive public university in Wuhan, Hubei, China. It is directly affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Ministry of Education of China. The un ...
,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology The Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST; ) is a public university in Wuhan, Hubei, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 985, Project 211, and the Double First-Cl ...
, Nankai University,
Xiamen University Xiamen University (XMU; ) is a public university in Siming, Xiamen, Siming, Xiamen, Fujian, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Pro ...
, South China University of Technology, Sichuan University, Shandong University, Jilin University, Lanzhou University,
Dalian University of Technology The Dalian University of Technology (DLUT) is a public university in Ganjingzi, Dalian, Ganjingzi, Dalian, Liaoning, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education (China), Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 2 ...
, Chongqing University,
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China A university () is an institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". Uni ...
,
Northeastern University Northeastern University (NU or NEU) is a private university, private research university with its main campus in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It was founded by the Boston Young Men's Christian Association in 1898 as an all-male instit ...
, Beijing Forestry University, and Shandong Ocean College among others. By 1978, there were 88 National Key Universities, including Minzu University of China and Hunan University. From 1978 to 1981, another 11 national key higher education institutions were successively added and restored, including Southern Medical University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Beijing Language and Culture University and Northwest A&F University among others.


History

The Chinese government made several batches of national key universities in history (from 1950s to 1980s). From 1954 to the 1980s, 99 national key universities were identified (some have been merged into other universities). The current project, established in 2015, is the
Double First-Class Construction The World First-Class Universities and First-Class Academic Disciplines Construction (), together known as Double First-Class Construction (), is a higher education development and sponsorship scheme of the Chinese central government, initiated ...
to create world-class universities by 2050. In October 2015, the State Council of People's Republic of China published the 'Overall Plan for Promoting the Construction of World First-Class Universities and First-Class Disciplines ( Double First-Class University Plan)' , which made new arrangements for the development of higher education in China, replacing previous projects of Chinese higher education. A total of 140 Double First Class Universities were approved to be included in the state Double First-Class Construction by the central government of China in 2017, representing the top 5% of the higher education institutions (3,012) in this country. As of February 2022, the 147 Double First Class Universities are considered as the most elite part of higher education in Mainland China.


See also

* List of universities in China *
Double First-Class Construction The World First-Class Universities and First-Class Academic Disciplines Construction (), together known as Double First-Class Construction (), is a higher education development and sponsorship scheme of the Chinese central government, initiated ...
* State Key Laboratories * C9 League * Project 211 * Project 985 * Excellence League *
Big Four Institutes of Technology The Big Four Institutes of Technology () are four institutes of technology after the national adjustment of colleges in 1950s. List of 4 Institutes References

{{coord missing, China Higher education in China Universities and colleg ...
* Yangtze Delta Universities Alliance


References


External links


What is the difference between Universities directly under the Ministry of Education and National Key Universities?
- Chinese Ministry of Education * :zh:中华人民共和国全国重点大学列表 (list)
List of Universities directly under the Ministry of Education
- Chinese Ministry of Education
National list of key universities
- China Education Online {{authority control Universities and colleges in China Colloquial terms for groups of universities and colleges