Măcin () is a town in
Tulcea County
Tulcea County () is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region Dobruja, with the capital city at Tulcea. It includes in its northeast corner the large and thinly-populated estuary of the Danube.
Demographics
In 2011, Tulcea Coun ...
, in the
Northern Dobruja
Northern Dobruja ( ro, Dobrogea de Nord or simply ; bg, Северна Добруджа, ''Severna Dobrudzha'') is the part of Dobruja within the borders of Romania. It lies between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea, bordered in the south ...
region of
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, a ...
.
Location
Măcin is located in the north-western part of the
Northern Dobruja
Northern Dobruja ( ro, Dobrogea de Nord or simply ; bg, Северна Добруджа, ''Severna Dobrudzha'') is the part of Dobruja within the borders of Romania. It lies between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea, bordered in the south ...
region, in
Tulcea County
Tulcea County () is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region Dobruja, with the capital city at Tulcea. It includes in its northeast corner the large and thinly-populated estuary of the Danube.
Demographics
In 2011, Tulcea Coun ...
. The city is located at the intersection of the
DN22 (
E87) and DN22D national roads. The DN22 road links it to the Romanian capital,
Bucharest
Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north ...
(230 km to the West, via
Brăila
Brăila (, also , ) is a city in Muntenia, eastern Romania, a port on the Danube and the capital of Brăila County. The ''Sud-Est'' Regional Development Agency is located in Brăila.
According to the 2011 Romanian census there were 180,302 pe ...
) and to cities of
Isaccea and
Tulcea
Tulcea (; also known by other alternative names) is a city in Northern Dobruja, Romania. It is the administrative center of Tulcea County, and had a population of 73,707 . One village, Tudor Vladimirescu, is administered by the city.
Names
T ...
(to the East). The DN22D road connects Măcin through a southern route with
Tulcea
Tulcea (; also known by other alternative names) is a city in Northern Dobruja, Romania. It is the administrative center of Tulcea County, and had a population of 73,707 . One village, Tudor Vladimirescu, is administered by the city.
Names
T ...
and
Constanța
Constanța (, ; ; rup, Custantsa; bg, Кюстенджа, Kyustendzha, or bg, Констанца, Konstantsa, label=none; el, Κωνστάντζα, Kōnstántza, or el, Κωνστάντια, Kōnstántia, label=none; tr, Köstence), histo ...
. According to the 2011 census, the population numbered 7,666 inhabitants, composed of 91.46% Romanians, 4.8%
Roma
Roma or ROMA may refer to:
Places Australia
* Roma, Queensland, a town
** Roma Airport
** Roma Courthouse
** Electoral district of Roma, defunct
** Town of Roma, defunct town, now part of the Maranoa Regional Council
* Roma Street, Brisbane, a ...
, 2.92% Turks and 0.37% Russian Lipovans.
History
The town is located on an ancient
Celt
The Celts (, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples () are. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic a collection of Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancien ...
ic settlement, named ''
Arrubium''. It was included in the
Getic polities of
Rhemaxos and
Zyraxes, then conquered by the
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post- Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Medite ...
, which
stationed a cavalry unit in this place between 99 and 241 AD. The ruins of the old Roman fortifications can be seen today on the top of "Cetate" Hill. Part of the
Bulgarian,
Byzantine
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantin ...
and later
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
, it was included for some time in the
Wallachia
Wallachia or Walachia (; ro, Țara Românească, lit=The Romanian Land' or 'The Romanian Country, ; archaic: ', Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and s ...
n and
Moldavia
Moldavia ( ro, Moldova, or , literally "The Country of Moldavia"; in Romanian Cyrillic: or ; chu, Землѧ Молдавскаѧ; el, Ἡγεμονία τῆς Μολδαβίας) is a historical region and former principality in Centra ...
n voivodates.
It was the site of the
Battle of Măcin
The Battle of Măcin, Battle of Maçin, Battle of Matchin or Battle of Matschin was a battle of the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) fought on 9 July 1791 between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire. The Russian army of 30,000 was commanded b ...
in 1791.
Economy
The main share of the local economy is taken by agriculture, especially animal husbandry, cereal growing and in less extent, fishing. The local industry is centered on surface mining, mainly extraction of
granite
Granite () is a coarse-grained ( phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase. It forms from magma with a high content of silica and alkali metal oxides that slowly cools and solidifies und ...
rocks, from quarries situated on southern slopes of
Măcin Mountains; textile and clothing manufacturing are also relatively well represented. A significant proportion of the area's population (especially women) is still involved in the textile industry. There is also a factory producing electrostatic air purifiers and ventilation systems.
Since the mid-2000s, the wine industry has grown in importance, with new vineyards being planted on Carcaliu Hill along the DJ222L road, six kilometers outside city limits to the southeast. The local wine producer sells on the national and foreign markets white and red wines with the "
D.O.C." designation, "Controlled term of origin", from Sarica-Niculițel region.
Măcin has also an "
inland port
An inland port is a port on an inland waterway, such as a river, lake, or canal, which may or may not be connected to the sea. The term "inland port" is also used to refer to a dry port.
Examples
The United States Army Corps of Engineers pub ...
" on the Danube, operated by two local fixed cranes and sometimes depending on the freight fluxes, by additional floating cranes brought in from
Brăila
Brăila (, also , ) is a city in Muntenia, eastern Romania, a port on the Danube and the capital of Brăila County. The ''Sud-Est'' Regional Development Agency is located in Brăila.
According to the 2011 Romanian census there were 180,302 pe ...
. The port has grain-handling and some warehousing facilities.
Tourism
Tourism development contributes to improving the attractiveness of the region and creates new jobs. Tourist destinations in the area include:
* Măcin Mountains National Park;
* Iacobdeal lake - Turcoaia area;
* The Old Inn and the window of grinding (eighteenth century);
* The Old Danube river arm – (Măcin arm);
* "Izvorul Tămăduirii" - spring in the Măcin Mountains National Park;
* Beech Valley Forest (natural botanical reserve) - Luncavita area;
* Popina Blasova (nature reserve) in
Balta Brăila;
* Point Fossil Hill Bujoarele (geological reserve);
* Arrubium fortress ruins;
* Fortress Troesmis – Turcoaia;
* Roman-Byzantine fortress Dinogeția;
* Monastery of Măcin, with wooden interior;
* Heroes Monument Măcin;
* Memorial House “Panait Cerna” (from the village Cerna);
* The houses with specific architecture Dobrogean (Luncavita, Văcăreni, Garvan and Jijila);
Website https://turism-macin.ro/
Education
*Four kindergartens, one with prolonged activities program (No. 4).
*Two primary schools:
** "Nifon Bălășescu" school (ex "Școala generală nr. 1")
** "Gheorghe Banea" school (ex "Școala generală nr. 2")
*Vocational school. The school has been established since 1905, and according to
Spiru Haret was "the most beautiful school from all over
Dobrudja
Dobruja or Dobrudja (; bg, Добруджа, Dobrudzha or ''Dobrudža''; ro, Dobrogea, or ; tr, Dobruca) is a historical region in the Balkans that has been divided since the 19th century between the territories of Bulgaria and Romania. I ...
" in the period around
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...
.
*High school: "
Gheorghe Munteanu-Murgoci
Gheorghe Munteanu Murgoci (July 20, 1872 – March 5, 1925) was a renowned Romanian geologist, founder of the South-Eastern European Studies Institute in Bucharest. In 1923, he was elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy.
Munte ...
"
*"Cadastre and Cartography College" within Faculty of Geography,
University of Bucharest
The University of Bucharest ( ro, Universitatea din București), commonly known after its abbreviation UB in Romania, is a public university founded in its current form on by a decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza to convert the former Princ ...
.
Natives
*
Gabriel Caramarin (born 1977), footballer
*
Gheorghe Munteanu-Murgoci
Gheorghe Munteanu Murgoci (July 20, 1872 – March 5, 1925) was a renowned Romanian geologist, founder of the South-Eastern European Studies Institute in Bucharest. In 1923, he was elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy.
Munte ...
(1872–1925), geologist, corresponding member of the
Romanian Academy
The Romanian Academy ( ro, Academia Română ) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 active members who are elected for life.
According to its by ...
*
Maurice Samuel
Maurice Samuel (February 8, 1895 – May 4, 1972) was a Romanian-born British and American novelist, translator and lecturer of Jewish heritage.
Biography
Born in Măcin, Tulcea County, Romania, to Isaac Samuel and Fanny Acker, Samuel mov ...
(1895–1972), novelist and translator
International relations
Twin towns — sister cities
Măcin is
twinned
Twinning (making a twin of) may refer to:
* In biology and agriculture, producing two offspring (i.e., twins) at a time, or having a tendency to do so;
* Twin towns and sister cities, towns and cities involved in town twinning
* Twinning inst ...
with:
*
Blaye
References
External links
*
www.macin.ro
{{DEFAULTSORT:Macin
Towns in Romania
Roman towns and cities in Romania
Populated places in Tulcea County
Localities in Northern Dobruja
Populated places on the Danube
Dacian towns
Celtic toponyms
Celtic towns