Möllevången
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Möllevången, also called Möllan, is a neighbourhood of
Malmö Malmö is the List of urban areas in Sweden by population, third-largest city in Sweden, after Stockholm and Gothenburg, and the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, sixth-largest city in Nordic countries, the Nordic region. Located on ...
, situated in the Borough of
Södra Innerstaden Södra Innerstaden was a city district () in the central of Malmö Municipality, Sweden. On 1 July 2013, it was merged with Västra Innerstaden, forming Innerstaden. In 2012, Södra Innerstaden had a population of 34,671 of the municipality's 3 ...
,
Malmö Municipality Malmö Municipality (), or City of Malmö (''Malmö stad''), is a Swedish municipality in Skåne County, the southernmost of the counties of Sweden (and conterminous with the historical province (''landskap'') of Scania). The central city is ...
,
Skåne County Skåne County ( ), sometimes referred to as Scania County or just Scania in English, is the southernmost Counties of Sweden, county, or , of Sweden, mostly corresponding to the traditional Provinces of Sweden, province of Scania. It borders th ...
,
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...
. It covers an area of , bordered by five streets: Bergsgatan, Amiralsgatan, Nobelvägen and Spårvägsgatan/Södra Förstadsgatan. As of 2023, 10,904 inhabitants resided in the neighbourhood, or approximately 3% of Malmö's inhabitants. The neighbourhood experienced a significant population recovery from the 7,575 low in 1981, however it is still below the 13,590 inhabitants in 1961. A square (''Möllevångstorget''), a park (''Folkets Park''),
Södervärnstornet Södervärnstornet is a building in Malmö, Sweden, which was originally built in 1916 to serve as a water tower. The tower is located in the Möllevången Möllevången, also called Möllan, is a neighbourhood of Malmö, situated in the Boro ...
and many restaurants and shops are located in the neighbourhood. Möllevångstorget is home to the most lively market in Malmö, and is also a common site for political demonstrations, particularly from the
political left Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy either as a whole or of certain social hierarchies. Left-wing politi ...
. The neighbourhood has an urban character, with 96% of properties being in apartment buildings or other types of collective housing, as of 2023. 69% of properties are leaseholds, while 31% are a part of a housing association (). Möllevången is generally seen as a culturally and
ethnically diverse An ethnicity or ethnic group is a group of people with shared attributes, which they collectively believe to have, and long-term endogamy. Ethnicities share attributes like language, culture, common sets of ancestry, traditions, society, re ...
neighbourhood, as well as being seen as having a 'left-wing' character. This characterisation and image is, according to researcher Christina Hansen, also one actively disseminated and encouraged by left-wing
activists Activism consists of efforts to promote, impede, direct or intervene in social, political, economic or environmental reform with the desire to make changes in society toward a perceived common good. Forms of activism range from mandate build ...
in the area. The area is also seen by some as a particularly unsafe area in what some consider an already unsafe city, notably being used as the backdrop to illustrate 'uncertainty' and
social exclusion Social exclusion or social marginalisation is the social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society. It is a term that has been used widely in Europe and was first used in France in the late 20th century. In the EU context, the Euro ...
in an advertisement by the nearby municipality of
Staffanstorp Staffanstorp is a locality and the seat of Staffanstorp Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 14,808 inhabitants in 2010. Staffanstorp is the largest Scanian settlement that never acquired town privileges before their abolishment in Sweden in ...
.


History


Early history

In the 16th century, Möllevången was known as Österwången and used as farmland since at least the 16th century, with tobacco and
rapeseed Rapeseed (''Brassica napus'' subsp. ''napus''), also known as rape and oilseed rape and canola, is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae (mustard or cabbage family), cultivated mainly for its oil-rich seed, which naturall ...
cultivation prominent in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Parts of the area were also used for
grazing In agriculture, grazing is a method of animal husbandry whereby domestic livestock are allowed outdoors to free range (roam around) and consume wild vegetations in order to feed conversion ratio, convert the otherwise indigestible (by human diges ...
, with the land divided into twelve plots until the late 1800s. In 1796,
Frans Suell Frans Suell (9 June 1744 – 15 November 1817) was a Sweden, Swedish businessman. Life His grandfather Franz Suell immigrated to Malmö from Holstein in the mid 18th century. Frans grew up working in his father Niclas' shop selling mostly pr ...
and his wife, Anna Cajsa af Trolle, established a summer residence in the area, which still stands opposite Folkets Park’s oldest entrance. Between 1806 and 1807, they created Möllevångsparken, a public English-style park with winding paths, edible chestnuts, and scenic features such as waterfalls. This park became Malmö’s first public green space, accessible to all residents. A small station community arose by the Södervärn station of the Malmö-Ystad railway, built in 1874. Only some small street houses with front gardens remain from this period on the south side of Fricksgatan.


Industrialisation and the labour movement

The late 19th century saw Malmö's population grow rapidly due to industrialisation, prompting a need for new residential areas. Möllevången was planned as a
working-class The working class is a subset of employees who are compensated with wage or salary-based contracts, whose exact membership varies from definition to definition. Members of the working class rely primarily upon earnings from wage labour. Most c ...
neighbourhood in the early 1900s, with the first city plan developed by city engineer Anders Nilsson in 1903. Factories and industries such as the Ryska gummifabriken (the Russian Rubber Factory), Fabriks AB Skandinavien, Stenbockens bryggeri (Stenbocken's brewery),
Scania AB Scania AB ( , ), stylised SCANIA in its products, is a major Sweden, Swedish manufacturer headquartered in Södertälje, focusing on commercial vehicles—specifically heavy lorries, trucks and buses. It also manufactures diesel engines for hea ...
and
Mazetti Mazetti Aktiebolag, AB was a Swedish manufacturer of cacao, chocolate and other candies founded and based in Malmö, Sweden. It was acquired by the Finnish Fazer company in 1975. History Mazetti was founded in 1888 by Danish confectioner Emil N ...
provided employment for local residents, while Folkets Park became a center for community life. Construction of Möllevångstorget, the central square, began in 1904 and most surrounding buildings were completed by 1906–1907. These structures were primarily one-room apartments in red brick, though some, like the large white
Art Nouveau Art Nouveau ( ; ; ), Jugendstil and Sezessionstil in German, is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. It was often inspired by natural forms such as the sinuous curves of plants and ...
house designed by architect Harald Berglin, stood out architecturally. Market trading began at Möllevångstorget as soon as it was laid out. Over time, the square became a hub of commerce, selling fruit, vegetables, poultry, and rabbits. The Solidar consumer cooperative opened its first store and bakery here in 1907. Möllevången played a pivotal role in Sweden’s labor movement and social democracy. The first purpose-built People’s House (Folkets Hus) was constructed on Skolgatan in 1893, serving as a meeting place for workers. Nearby, the cooperative association Solidar and the headquarters of the newspaper Arbetet further anchored the area as a center for
progressive politics Progressivism is a left-leaning political philosophy and reform movement that seeks to advance the human condition through social reform. Adherents hold that progressivism has universal application and endeavor to spread this idea to human s ...
and activism. Demonstrations and rallies, including
suffrage Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise is the right to vote in public, political elections and referendums (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote). In some languages, and occasionally in English, the right to v ...
and
hunger marches Hunger marches are a form of protest, social protest that arose in the United Kingdom during the early 20th century. Often the marches involved groups of men and women walking from areas with high unemployment to London where they would protest ou ...
, were frequently held at Möllevångstorget, establishing it as a significant arena for political expression. The square’s importance to the labor movement was commemorated in 1931 by Axel Ebbe’s statue ''Arbetets ära'' (Honor of Work). The statue symbolizes the labor movement's contribution to building society, depicting six figures lifting a granite block representing the city, with reliefs of factory chimneys and the city skyline.


Post-war decline and revival

During the mid-20th century, many families moved to modern
suburbs A suburb (more broadly suburban area) is an area within a metropolitan area. They are oftentimes where most of a metropolitan areas jobs are located with some being predominantly residential. They can either be denser or less densely populated ...
offering amenities that Möllevången's aging housing stock could not provide, such as central heating and indoor plumbing. By the 1960s, much of the area was characterized by physical and social decline, with high crime rates and poor living conditions. However, the neighbourhood began to transform in the 1980s as properties were renovated and young people moved in.


Demographics

As of 2023, Möllevången had 10,904 residents, corresponding to approximately 3% of Malmö's population. 74% of the neighbourhood's inhabitants were of working age (between 20 and 64 years old), while 17% were younger and only 9% are older. Working age residents are over represented in the neighbourhood, compared to the city's average of 62%. Much like the rest of the city, a significant share of Möllevången's inhabitants have a migrant background. As of 2023, 37% of its inhabitants were born outside of Sweden, while an additional 11% were born in Sweden to two migrant parents. Among those born outside Sweden, 94% originate from countries outside the
Nordic countries The Nordic countries (also known as the Nordics or ''Norden''; ) are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe, as well as the Arctic Ocean, Arctic and Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic oceans. It includes the sovereign states of Denm ...
. The neighbourhood's inhabitants are on average more highly educated than the city's average, with 61% having completed
tertiary education Tertiary education (higher education, or post-secondary education) is the educational level following the completion of secondary education. The World Bank defines tertiary education as including universities, colleges, and vocational schools ...
as of 2023. 65% of women residents have completed tertiary education, compared to 56% of men. Despite this, in 2020 the disposable yearly income of Möllevången's inhabitants is 13% lower than the city's average, with men receiving and women . In 2022, 5% of residents received social benefits at least during part of the year, marginally above the city's average at 4%.


Transport

Car ownership Car ownership is the ownership of a car. Car ownership typically requires far fewer permits than driving that car on public roads (i.e. driver's license, car insurance, etc.). History Levels of ownership have risen significantly since automobiles ...
is low in the neighbourhood, at only 14%, as of 2023, compared to the 24% average in Malmö. Möllevången is serviced by regular city busses operated by
Skånetrafiken Skånetrafiken ''()'' is the Regions of Sweden, regional organisation responsible for managing public transport in Skåne län, Skåne County, southern Sweden. Skånetrafiken was founded in 1999 when the two Scania, Scanian counties of Kristia ...
, connecting the neighbourhood with the rest of Malmö. Regional busses to various locations in
Scania Scania ( ), also known by its native name of Skåne (), is the southernmost of the historical provinces of Sweden, provinces () of Sweden. Located in the south tip of the geographical region of Götaland, the province is roughly conterminous w ...
can also be taken from the nearby
Södervärn Södervärn () is a neighbourhood of Malmö, situated in the Borough of Södra Innerstaden, Malmö Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavia ...
bus terminal or from the stop Malmö Spångatan. Triangeln is the nearest train station to Möllevången, with its southern exit only 400 metres away from Möllevångstorget.


Notable people

* Per Nilsson (born 1954) a writer


References

Neighbourhoods of Malmö {{Skåne-geo-stub