Myrmicinae is a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...

ants Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cretaceous period. More than 13,800 of an estimated total of ...

, with about 140 extant genera; their distribution is

cosmopolitan Cosmopolitan may refer to: Internationalism * World citizen, one who eschews traditional geopolitical divisions derived from national citizenship * Cosmopolitanism, the idea that all of humanity belongs to a single moral community * Cosmopolitan ...

. The

pupa A pupa (; : pupae) is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages. Insects that go through a pupal stage are holometabolous: they go through four distinct stages in their life cycle, the stages th ...

e lack cocoons. Some species retain a functional sting. The petioles of Myrmicinae consist of two nodes. The nests are permanent and in soil, rotting wood, under stones, or in trees.Goulet, H & Huber, JT (eds.) (1993) Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. Agriculture Canada. p. 224 All species of

Cephalotes ''Cephalotes'' is a genus of tree-dwelling ant species from the Americas, commonly known as turtle ants. All appear to be gliding ants, with the ability to "parachute" and steer their fall so as to land back on the tree trunk rather than fall t ...

(within the tribe Attini) are gliding ants.

Identification

Myrmicine worker ants have a distinct postpetiole, i.e., abdominal segment III is notably smaller than segment IV and set off from it by a well-developed constriction; the

pronotum The prothorax is the foremost of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the first pair of legs. Its principal sclerites (exoskeletal plates) are the pronotum (dorsal), the prosternum (ventral), and the propleuron (lateral) on e ...

is inflexibly fused to the rest of the

mesosoma The mesosoma is the middle part of the body, or tagma, of arthropods whose body is composed of three parts, the other two being the prosoma and the metasoma. It bears the legs, and, in the case of winged insects, the wings. Wasps, bees and a ...

, such that the promesonotal suture is weakly impressed or absent, and a functional sting is usually present. The clypeus is well-developed; as a result, the antennal sockets are well separated from the anterior margin of the head. Most myrmicine genera possess well-developed eyes and frontal lobes that partly conceal the antennal insertions.

Tribes

Recently, the number of tribes was reduced from 25 to six: * Attini Smith, 1858 *

Crematogastrini Crematogastrini is a tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is cont ...

Forel, 1893 *

Myrmicini Myrmicini is a tribe of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. It is not to be confused with the very similar-sounding tribes Myrmecinini (also in subfamily Myrmicinae) and Myrmeciini, which is in the subfamily Myrmeciinae. While the type genus of Myr ...

Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835 *

Pogonomyrmecini Pogonomyrmecini is a tribe of myrmicine ants with three extant genera, recently formed in 2015. Genera *'' Hylomyrma'' Forel, 1912 *'' Patagonomyrmex'' Johnson & Moreau, 2016 *''Pogonomyrmex ''Pogonomyrmex'' is a genus of harvester ants, oc ...

Ward, Brady, Fisher & Schultz, 2015 *

Solenopsidini Solenopsidini (meaning "pipe-faced") is a tribe of myrmicine ants with about 20 genera. Genera *'' Adelomyrmex'' *'' Anillomyrma'' *'' Austromorium'' *'' Baracidris'' *'' Bariamyrma'' *'' Bondroitia'' *'' Chelaner'' *'' Cryptomyrmex'' ...

Forel, 1893 *

Stenammini Stenammini is a tribe of Myrmicine ants Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cretaceous perio ...

Ashmead, 1905

Genera

In 2014, most genera were placed into different tribes or moved to other subfamilies. Below is an updated list: * Attini Smith, 1858 **''

Acanthognathus ''Acanthognathus'' (Greek: = thorn, = jaw) is a genus of ants that are found in tropical Central America, Central and South America.Brown, W. L., Jr., & W. W. Kempf (1969). ''A Revision of the Neotropical Dacetine Ant Genus Acanthognathus (Hyme ...

'' Mayr, 1887 **''

Acromyrmex ''Acromyrmex'' is a genus of New World ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae. This genus is found in South America and parts of Central America, México and the Caribbean Islands, and contains 33 known species. Commonly known as " leafcutter ants" th ...

'' Mayr, 1865 **''

Allomerus ''Allomerus'' is a Neotropical genus of small ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. Its eight species are known from the forests of South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern He ...

'' Mayr, 1878 **'' Amoimyrmex'' Cristiano, Cardoso & Sandoval, 2020 **''

Apterostigma ''Apterostigma'' is a genus of New World ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae. Two species have been described from fossils preserved in Dominican amber, while the others are extant. They are fungus-growing ants, though, unlike the majority of othe ...

'' Mayr, 1865 **'' Atta'' Fabricius, 1804 **†''

Attaichnus Fungus-growing ants (tribe Attini) comprise all the known fungus-growing ant species participating in ant–fungus mutualism. They are known for cutting grasses and leaves, carrying them to their colonies' nests, and using them to grow fungus on ...

'' Laza, 1982 **''

Basiceros ''Basiceros'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae Myrmicinae is a subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive t ...

'' Schulz, 1906 **''

Blepharidatta ''Blepharidatta'' is a rare Neotropical genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. The genus, formed by predatory species whose small colonies nest in soil or leaf-litter, has up to seven species, but most of them are waiting for a formal taxon ...

'' Wheeler, 1915 **''

'' Latreille, 1802 **''

Chimaeridris ''Chimaeridris'' is a small genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. The genus contains two species known from tropical Asia. Their unique hook-shaped mandibles and similar appearance to ''Pheidole'' minor workers raises the possibility that th ...

'' Wilson, 1989 **'' Colobostruma'' Wheeler, 1927 **'' Cyatta'' Sosa-Calvo ''et al.'', 2013 **'' Cyphomyrmex'' Mayr, 1862 **'' Daceton'' Perty, 1833 **'' Diaphoromyrma'' Fernández, Delabie & Nascimento, 2009 **'' Epopostruma'' Forel, 1895 **'' Eurhopalothrix'' Brown & Kempf, 1961 **'' Ishakidris'' Bolton, 1984 **'' Kalathomyrmex'' Klingenberg & Brandão, 2009 **'' Lachnomyrmex'' Wheeler, 1910 **'' Lenomyrmex'' Fernández & Palacio, 1999 **'' Mesostruma'' Brown, 1948 **'' Microdaceton'' Santschi, 1913 **''

Mycetagroicus ''Mycetagroicus'' is a genus of fungus-growing ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae Myrmicinae is a subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family ...

'' Brandão & Mayhé-Nunes, 2001 **'' Mycetarotes'' Emery, 1913 **'' Mycetophylax'' Emery, 1913 **'' Mycetosoritis'' Wheeler, 1907 **'' Mycocepurus'' Forel, 1893 **'' Myrmicocrypta'' Smith, 1860 **'' Ochetomyrmex'' Mayr, 1878 **'' Octostruma'' Forel, 1912 **''

Orectognathus ''Orectognathus'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. Species *''Orectognathus alligator'' Taylor, 1980 *''Orectognathus antennatus'' Smith, 1854 *''Orectognathus biroi'' Szabó, 1926 *''Orectognathus chyzeri'' Emery, 1897 *''Orecto ...

'' Smith, 1853 **'' Paramycetophylax'' Kusnezov, 1956 **'' Phalacromyrmex'' Kempf, 1960 **'' Pheidole'' Westwood, 1839 **'' Pilotrochus'' Brown, 1978 **'' Procryptocerus'' Emery, 1887 **'' Protalaridris'' Brown, 1980 **'' Pseudoatta'' Gallardo, 1916 **'' Rhopalothrix'' Mayr, 1870 **'' Sericomyrmex'' Mayr, 1865 **''

Strumigenys ''Strumigenys'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. Biology ''Strumigenys'' form small nests in soil, under or between rocks, or in and under logs or under cattle dung. Some species nest in association with other ants such as '' Both ...

'' Smith, 1860 **'' Talaridris'' Weber, 1941 **'' Trachymyrmex'' Forel, 1893 **'' Tranopelta'' Mayr, 1866 **'' Wasmannia'' Forel, 1893 *

Forel, 1893 **'' Acanthomyrmex'' Emery, 1893 **'' Adlerzia'' Forel, 1902 **'' Ancyridris'' Wheeler, 1935 **'' Atopomyrmex'' André, 1889 **'' Calyptomyrmex'' Emery, 1887 **''

Cardiocondyla ''Cardiocondyla'' is an Old World genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. Distribution Approximately 70 species are currently recognized as belonging to this genus, most of which are distributed in the Old World tropics and subtropics, but a ...

'' Emery, 1869 **'' Carebara'' Westwood, 1840 **'' Cataulacus'' Smith, 1853 **''

Crematogaster ''Crematogaster'' is an ecologically diverse genus of ants found worldwide, which are characterised by a distinctive heart-shaped gaster (insect anatomy), gaster (abdomen), which gives them one of their common names, the Saint Valentine ant. Mem ...

'' Lund, 1831 **'' Cyphoidris'' Weber, 1952 **'' Dacatria'' Rigato, 1994 **'' Dacetinops'' Brown & Wilson, 1957 **'' Dicroaspis'' Emery, 1908 **'' Dilobocondyla'' Santschi, 1910 **'' Diplomorium'' Mayr, 1901 **†'' Enneamerus'' Mayr, 1868 **†'' Eocenomyrma'' Dlussky & Radchenko, 2006 **'' Eutetramorium'' Emery, 1899 **''

Formicoxenus ''Formicoxenus'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. Species * ''Formicoxenus chamberlini'' (Wheeler, 1904) * '' Formicoxenus diversipilosus'' (Smith, 1939) * '' Formicoxenus hirticornis'' (Emery, 1895) * '' Formicoxenus nitidulus'' ...

'' Mayr, 1855 **'' Formosimyrma'' Terayama, 2009 **'' Gauromyrmex'' Menozzi, 1933 **'' Gaoligongidris'' Xu, 2012 **'' Harpagoxenus'' Forel, 1893 **'' Huberia'' Forel, 1890 **†'' Hypopomyrmex'' Emery, 1891 **'' Indomyrma'' Brown, 1986 **'' Kartidris'' Bolton, 1991 **'' Lasiomyrma'' Terayama & Yamane, 2000 **'' Leptothorax'' Mayr, 1855 **'' Liomyrmex'' Mayr, 1865 **†'' Lonchomyrmex'' Mayr, 1867 **'' Lophomyrmex'' Emery, 1892 **'' Lordomyrma'' Emery, 1897 **'' Malagidris'' Bolton & Fisher, 2014 **'' Mayriella'' Forel, 1902 **'' Melissotarsus'' Emery, 1877 **'' Meranoplus'' Smith, 1853 **'' Metapone'' Forel, 1911 **'' Myrmecina'' Curtis, 1829 **'' Myrmisaraka'' Bolton & Fisher, 2014 **'' Nesomyrmex'' Wheeler, 1910 **'' Ocymyrmex'' Emery, 1886 **†'' Oxyidris'' Wilson, 1985 **†'' Parameranoplus'' Wheeler, 1915 **'' Paratopula'' Wheeler, 1919 **'' Perissomyrmex'' Smith, 1947 **'' Peronomyrmex'' Viehmeyer, 1922 **'' Podomyrma'' Smith, 1859 **'' Poecilomyrma'' Mann, 1921 **'' Pristomyrmex'' Mayr, 1866 **'' Proatta'' Forel, 1912 **'' Propodilobus'' Branstetter, 2009 **'' Recurvidris'' Bolton, 1992 **'' Rhopalomastix'' Forel, 1900 **'' Romblonella'' Wheeler, 1935 **'' Rostromyrmex'' Rosciszewski, 1994 **'' Rotastruma'' Bolton, 1991 **'' Royidris'' Bolton & Fisher, 2014 **'' Secostruma'' Bolton, 1988 **'' Stereomyrmex'' Emery, 1901 **†'' Stigmomyrmex'' Mayr, 1868 **†'' Stiphromyrmex'' Wheeler, 1915 **''

Strongylognathus ''Strongylognathus'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. Many of its species are endemic to specific regions. Species *''Strongylognathus afer'' Emery, 1884 *''Strongylognathus alboini'' Finzi, 1924 *''Strongylognathus alpinus'' Whe ...

'' Mayr, 1853 **''

Temnothorax ''Temnothorax'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. It contains more than 380 species. Biology The workers of ''Temnothorax'' species are generally small ( mesosoma length 0.715 mm). Colonies are typically monogynous, although fac ...

'' Mayr, 1861 **'' Terataner'' Emery, 1912 **'' Tetheamyrma'' Bolton, 1991 **''

Tetramorium ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' Mayr, 1855 **'' Trichomyrmex'' Mayr, 1865 **'' Vitsika'' Bolton & Fisher, 2014 **'' Vollenhovia'' Mayr, 1865 **'' Vombisidris'' Bolton, 1991 **'' Xenomyrmex'' Forel, 1885 *

Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835 **'' Manica'' Jurine, 1807 **''

Myrmica ''Myrmica'' is a genus of ants within the subfamily Myrmicinae. It is widespread throughout the temperate regions of the Holarctic realm, Holarctic and high mountains in Southeast Asia. The genus consists of around 200 known species and additio ...

'' Latreille, 1804 **†'' Plesiomyrmex'' Dlussky & Radchenko, 2009 **†'' Protomyrmica'' Dlussky & Radchenko, 2009 *

Ward, Brady, Fisher & Schultz, 2014 **'' Hylomyrma'' Forel, 1912 **''

Pogonomyrmex ''Pogonomyrmex'' is a genus of harvester ants, occurring primarily in the deserts of North, Central, and South America, with three endemic species from Haiti.Cole, A.C. 1968. Pogonomyrmex Harvester Ants: a study of the genus in North America. Un ...

'' Mayr, 1868 *

Forel, 1893 **'' Adelomyrmex'' Emery, 1897 **'' Anillomyrma'' Emery, 1913 **'' Austromorium'' Shattuck, 2009 **'' Baracidris'' Bolton, 1981 **'' Bariamyrma'' Lattke, 1990 **'' Bondroitia'' Forel, 1911 **'' Cryptomyrmex'' Fernández, 2004 **'' Dolopomyrmex'' Cover & Deyrup, 2007 **''

Epelysidris ''Epelysidris brocha'' is the only species of ant in the genus ''Epelysidris''. Described by Barry Bolton in 1987 in Borneo Borneo () is the List of islands by area, third-largest island in the world, with an area of , and population of 23 ...

'' Bolton, 1987 **'' Kempfidris'' Fernández, Feitosa & Lattke, 2014 **'' Megalomyrmex'' Forel, 1885 **''

Monomorium ''Monomorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. As of 2013 it contains about 396 species. It is distributed around the world, with many species native to the Old World tropics. It is considered to be "one of the more important grou ...

'' Mayr, 1855 **'' Myrmicaria'' Saunders, 1842 **'' Oxyepoecus'' Santschi, 1926 **'' Rogeria'' Emery, 1894 **'' Solenopsis'' Westwood, 1840 **'' Stegomyrmex'' Emery, 1912 **''

Syllophopsis ''Syllophopsis'' is a genus of Myrmicine ants found across the Southern Hemisphere and the tropics except South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a cons ...

'' Santschi, 1915 **''

Tropidomyrmex ''Tropidomyrmex'' is a Neotropical genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. The genus contains the monotypic taxon, single species ''Tropidomyrmex elianae'', known from Brazil. References External links

* Myrmicinae Monotypic ant gene ...

'' Silva, Feitosa, Brandão & Diniz, 2009 **'' Tyrannomyrmex'' Fernández, 2003 *

Ashmead, 1905 **'' Aphaenogaster'' Mayr, 1853 **'' Goniomma'' Emery, 1895 **'' Messor'' Forel, 1890 **'' Novomessor'' Emery, 1915 **'' Oxyopomyrmex'' André, 1881 **†'' Paraphaenogaster'' Dlussky, 1981 **'' Stenamma'' Westwood, 1839 **'' Veromessor'' Forel, 1917 *''

incertae sedis or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...

'' **†'' Afromyrma'' Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn, 2004 **†'' Agastomyrma'' Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva, 2015 **†'' Bilobomyrma'' Radchenko & Dlussky, 2013 **†'' Biamomyrma'' Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva, 2015 **†'' Boltonidris'' Radchenko & Dlussky, 2012 **†'' Brachytarsites'' Hong, 2002 **†'' Cephalomyrmex'' Carpenter, 1930 **†'' Clavipetiola'' Hong, 2002 **†'' Electromyrmex'' Wheeler, 1910 **†'' Eocenidris'' Wilson, 1985 **†'' Eomyrmex'' Hong, 1974 **†'' Fallomyrma'' Dlussky & Radchenko, 2006 **†'' Fushunomyrmex'' Hong, 2002 **†'' Ilemomyrmex'' Wilson, 1985 **†'' Miosolenopsis'' Zhang, 1989 **†'' Myrmecites'' Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2003 **†'' Orbigastrula'' Hong, 2002 **†'' Quadrulicapito'' Hong, 2002 **†'' Quineangulicapito'' Hong, 2002 **†'' Sinomyrmex'' Hong, 2002 **†'' Solenopsites'' Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2003 **†'' Sphaerogasterites'' Hong, 2002 **†'' Wumyrmex'' Hong, 2002 **†'' Zhangidris'' Bolton, 2003

References

External links

* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q1060265 Ant subfamilies Turonian first appearances Extant Turonian first appearances