''Myohalovirus'' (synonym: ''PhiH-like viruses'', ''Phihlikevirus'') is a genus of

virus A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living Cell (biology), cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are ...

es in the class ''

Caudoviricetes ''Caudoviricetes'' is a class of viruses known as tailed viruses and head-tail viruses (''cauda'' is Latin for "tail"). It is the sole representative of its own phylum, ''Uroviricota'' (from ''ouros'' (ουρος), a Greek word for "tailed" + ...

'', in the family '' Vertoviridae''. Bacteria and archaea serve as natural hosts. There are two species in this genus.

Taxonomy

The genus contains the following species: * ''

Myohalovirus alkaliphilum ''Myohalovirus'' (synonym: ''PhiH-like viruses'', ''Phihlikevirus'') is a genus of viruses in the class ''Caudoviricetes'', in the family ''Vertoviridae''. Bacteria and archaea serve as natural hosts. There are two species in this genus. Taxono ...

'' * ''

Myohalovirus spontanei ''Myohalovirus'' (synonym: ''PhiH-like viruses'', ''Phihlikevirus'') is a genus of viruses in the class ''Caudoviricetes'', in the family '' Vertoviridae''. Bacteria and archaea serve as natural hosts. There are two species in this genus. Taxon ...

Structure

Myohaloviruses are

nonenveloped A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. A viral envelope protein or E protein is a protein in the env ...

, with a head and tail. The head is icosahedral with a diameter of about 64 nm. The tail is around 170 nm long, 18 nm wide, has short terminal fibers, and is contractile.

Genome

Genomes are circular, around 59kb in length. The genome codes for 100 proteins.

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. The virus attaches to the host cell using its terminal fibers, and ejects the viral DNA into the host cytoplasm via contraction of its tail sheath. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Once the viral genes have been replicated, the procapsid is assembled and packed. The tail is then assembled and the mature virions are released via lysis. Bacteria and archaea serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.

History

According to the ICTV's 1997 report, the genus ''PhiH-like viruses'' was first accepted as a new genus in the family

Myoviridae ''Myoviridae'' was a family of bacteriophages in the order '' Caudovirales''. The family ''Myoviridae'' and order '' Caudovirales'' have now been abolished, with the term myovirus now used to refer to the morphology of viruses in this former famil ...

, at the same time as its type species. This proposal is availabl
here
The following year (1998), the genus was added to the newly created order

Caudovirales ''Caudoviricetes'' is a class of viruses known as tailed viruses and head-tail viruses (''cauda'' is Latin for "tail"). It is the sole representative of its own phylum, ''Uroviricota'' (from ''ouros'' (ουρος), a Greek word for "tailed" + ...

. In 1999, a name change i
reported
but no change actually occurred. In 2012, the name was changed to ''Phihlikevirus''. This proposal is availabl
here
The genus was later renamed to ''Myohalovirus''.

References

External links

ICTV
{{Use dmy dates, date=April 2017 Myoviridae Virus genera