Mukamlar (singular: ''mukam'') is a term for bodies of
music
Music is the arrangement of sound to create some combination of Musical form, form, harmony, melody, rhythm, or otherwise Musical expression, expressive content. Music is generally agreed to be a cultural universal that is present in all hum ...
al repertoire for the
Turkmen
Turkmen, Türkmen, Turkoman, or Turkman may refer to:
Peoples Historical ethnonym
* Turkoman (ethnonym), ethnonym used for the Oghuz Turks during the Middle Ages
Ethnic groups
* Turkmen in Anatolia and the Levant (Seljuk and Ottoman-Turkish desc ...
dutar
The ''dutar'' (also ''Dotara, dotar''; ; ; ; ; ; ; ) is a traditional Iranian long-necked two-stringed lute found in Iran and Central Asia.
Its name comes from the Persian language, Persian word for "two strings", دوتار ''do tār'' (< ...
(two-stringed
lute
A lute ( or ) is any plucked string instrument with a neck (music), neck and a deep round back enclosing a hollow cavity, usually with a sound hole or opening in the body. It may be either fretted or unfretted.
More specifically, the term "lu ...
) or tüÿdük (an end-blown
flute
The flute is a member of a family of musical instruments in the woodwind group. Like all woodwinds, flutes are aerophones, producing sound with a vibrating column of air. Flutes produce sound when the player's air flows across an opening. In th ...
). Mukumlar represents the most important repertoires in the
Turkmen classical tradition after the ''baksy'' songs. There are several mukamlar for each instrument; instrumentalists may disagree on the number. There are, however, five dutar pieces acknowledged to form the repertoire: ''Goñurbaş mukamy'', ''Gökdepe mukamy'', ''Erkeklik mukamy'', ''Aÿralyk mukamy'' and ''Mukamlarbaşy''. The latter two may be compared to that of a level for
virtuoso
A virtuoso (from Italian ''virtuoso'', or ; Late Latin ''virtuosus''; Latin ''virtus''; 'virtue', 'excellence' or 'skill') is an individual who possesses outstanding talent and technical ability in a particular art or field such as fine arts, ...
s.
Despite their similar namings, the similarity when comparing Turkmen mukam and the Arabic classical tradition of
maqam
Maqam, makam, maqaam or maqām (plural maqāmāt) may refer to:
Musical structures
* Arabic maqam, melodic modes in traditional Arabic music
** Iraqi maqam, a genre of Arabic maqam music found in Iraq
* Persian maqam, a notion in Persian clas ...
, together with
Uzbek shashmakom and
Azerbaijani mugam, is quite small. There are no intrinsic musical similarities. However, there are certain links, in terms of
modality
Modality may refer to:
Humanities
* Modality (theology), the organization and structure of the church, as distinct from sodality or parachurch organizations
* Modality (music), in music, the subject concerning certain diatonic scales
* Modalit ...
and technique, between the Turkmen and Kazak dutar and dombra repertoire.
Turkmen music
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