Muhammad Seman (1836 – 24 January 1905) was the

Sultan of Banjar The following is a list of the rulers of Banjar, which is a list of figures who have led Banjar people and the whole of South Kalimantan, both traditionally and officially. This list is compiled based on a comparison of the timeline between each tr ...

who led the temporary Pagustian government of the

Banjar Sultanate The Sultanate of Banjar () was a nation-state of the Banjar people, Banjar in the form of a sultanate, Islamic sultanate in Borneo which was founded in 1526 and existed until its dissolution in 1860 by the colonial government of the Dutch East ...

in Murung Raya, from the death of his father Prince Antasari in 1862 until he was killed in 1905.

Early life

His birth name was Gusti Matseman, he was born in 1836. He was the son of

Prince Antasari Prince Antasari, (; 1809 – 11 October 1862) titled Khalifatul Mukminin () was 20th Sultan of Banjar who ruled in 1862, and is one of the important figures in the Banjarmasin War. In 1968, he was posthumously named a National Hero of Indonesia. ...

who was called Pagustian, as the successor to the

which had been abolished by the Netherlands, Dutch. In the era of Sultan Muhammad Seman, the Banjar government was in Muara Teweh, at the head of the Barito river. Sultan Muhammad Seman is the son of

and Nyai Fatimah. Nyai Fatimah is the sister of Tumenggung Surapati. Sultan Muhammad Seman is the Sultan of Banjar who is of Dayak blood on his mother's side.

Reign (1862-1905)

Accession

On March 3, 1862, Hidayatullah II of Banjar, Hidayatullah II was exiled to Cianjur, and eleven days after that, on March 14, 1862,

, who moved to the upper reaches of the Barito River, was crowned as the highest government leader in the

, in the presence of the Dayak tribal chiefs and the ruling dukes of the Dusun Atas, Kapuas and Kahayan. However, seven months after his coronation, Prince Antasari died on October 11, 1862, due to chicken pox. Approximately a month after

death, on November 8, 1862, Muhammad Seman formed a kingdom with the capital city of Muara Teweh. The Dutch also used Muara Teweh as a defensive fort.

Resistance against the Dutch

Sultan Muhammad Seman at the end of August 1883 carried out operations in the Dusun Hulu area. He and his troops then moved to Telok Mayang and repeatedly attacked the Dutch post at Muara Teweh. Meanwhile, Pangeran Perbatasari, Sultan Muhammad Seman's nephew and son-in-law, held resistance against the Dutch in Pahu, Kutai area. However, the defeat he suffered caused him to be arrested in 1885. Sultan Muhammad Seman tried to build a fort in the downstream area of the Taweh River. This effort made the Dutch then strengthen their post in Khayalan by adding new troops, and establishing another emergency post in Tuyun. In December 1886, Sultan Muhammad Seman's troops tried to sever ties between the two Dutch posts. Meanwhile, the fighter stronghold in Taweh was further strengthened by the arrival of relief troops and additional food transported through the forest. But on the other hand, Muhammad Seman's post is in danger. To the north and south of the fort new Dutch strongholds appeared which tried to block the entry of food into the fort. The situation around Muhammad Seman's fort is increasingly critical.

Battle of Baras Kuning Fort (1905) and death

At the Battle of Baras Kuning Fort, Sultan Muhammad Seman died as a martyr after defending the fort from the Dutch invasion. The death of Muhammad Seman quickly crushed the spirit of the sultanate's troops. The nobles who supported Muhammad Seman such as Gusti Acil, Gusti Arsyad, and Antung Durrakhman then surrendered to the Dutch government a few days later. Although the remnants of the sultanate's rebels such as Tumenggung Gamar who tried to rebel in Lok Tunggul, but failed, he and his troops were forced to retreat to Tanah Bumbu, where the final battle took place and resulted in the total defeat of the sultanate's troops.

References

{{S-end 1836 births 1905 deaths Sultans of Banjar Revolutionaries Banjar people