Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari (‎; 1893–1953) was a contemporary

Iranian Iranian () may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Iran ** Iranian diaspora, Iranians living outside Iran ** Iranian architecture, architecture of Iran and parts of the rest of West Asia ** Iranian cuisine, cooking traditions and practic ...

Muslim Muslims () are people who adhere to Islam, a Monotheism, monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God ...

Faqīh A ''faqīh'' (: ''fuqahāʾ'', ; : ‏‎) is an Islamic jurist, an expert in ''fiqh'', or Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic law. Definition Islamic jurisprudence or ''fiqh'' is the human understanding of Sharia, which is believed ...

and a

Twelver Twelver Shi'ism (), also known as Imamism () or Ithna Ashari, is the Islamic schools and branches, largest branch of Shia Islam, Shi'a Islam, comprising about 90% of all Shi'a Muslims. The term ''Twelver'' refers to its adherents' belief in twel ...

Marja' Marja (; plural ''marājiʿ''; ) is a title given to the highest level of Twelver Shia religious cleric, with the authority given by a hawzah (a seminary where Shi'a Muslim scholars are educated) to make legal decisions within the confines of Sh ...

who was in charge of the administration of the

Qom Seminary The Qom Seminary (') is the largest and one of the foremost Shia Islam, Shia hawzas (Islamic seminaries), located in the city of Qom, Iran. It is the largest seminary in Iran, established in 1922 by Grand Ayatollah Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi in Qom to ...

for ten years. He was born on 17 March 1893 and died on 19 January 1953. He was a prominent student of

Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi Grand Ayatollah Hajj Sheikh Abdolkarim Haeri Yazdi (; ; 1859 – 30 January 1937) was an Iranian Twelver Shia Muslim scholar and marja. He was the founder of an important Islamic seminary (hawza) in Qom, Iran. Among his students was Ruhollah ...

and after him held the position of

Shia Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib () as both his political successor (caliph) and as the spiritual leader of the Muslim community (imam). However, his right is understood ...

authority Authority is commonly understood as the legitimate power of a person or group of other people. In a civil state, ''authority'' may be practiced by legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government,''The New Fontana Dictionary of M ...

Birth and lineage

Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari was born on 17 March 1893 in

Tabriz Tabriz (; ) is a city in the Central District (Tabriz County), Central District of Tabriz County, in the East Azerbaijan province, East Azerbaijan province of northwestern Iran. It serves as capital of the province, the county, and the distric ...

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

. His family was a religious family and his father, Seyyed Ali Kooh Kamari Tabrizi, was one of the mujtahids of Tabriz. His lineage is from

Sayyid ''Sayyid'' is an honorific title of Hasanid and Husaynid lineage, recognized as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and Ali's sons Hasan ibn Ali, Hasan and Husayn ibn Ali, Husayn. The title may also refer ...

s of Kooh Kamar in Zonuzaq Rural District, Marand County,

East Azerbaijan Province East Azerbaijan province () is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Tabriz. The province is located in Azerbaijan (Iran), Iranian Azerbaijan, bordering Armenia, the Azerbaijan, Republic of Azerbaijan, Ardabil pro ...

and goes back to

Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Sajjad (, – 712), also known as Zayn al-Abidin () was the great-grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the fourth imam in Shia Islam, succeeding his father, Husayn ibn Ali, his uncle, Hasan ibn Ali, and his gr ...

Scientific life

Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari studied

literature Literature is any collection of Writing, written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially novels, Play (theatre), plays, and poetry, poems. It includes both print and Electroni ...

mathematics Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes methods, Mathematical theory, theories and theorems that are developed and Mathematical proof, proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself. There are many ar ...

, ancient

medicine Medicine is the science and Praxis (process), practice of caring for patients, managing the Medical diagnosis, diagnosis, prognosis, Preventive medicine, prevention, therapy, treatment, Palliative care, palliation of their injury or disease, ...

and some new sciences in

. He learned most of the basic courses of

Islamic Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...

jurisprudence and principles from his father there and also taught for some time. In 1912, he went to

Najaf Najaf is the capital city of the Najaf Governorate in central Iraq, about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2024 is about 1.41 million people. It is widely considered amongst the holiest cities of Shia Islam an ...

Iraq Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to Iraq–Saudi Arabia border, the south, Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq border, the east, the Persian Gulf and ...

to continue his education after taking basic seminary courses from his father. In Najaf, he learned

Islamic jurisprudence ''Fiqh'' (; ) is the term for Islamic jurisprudence.Fiqh
Encyclopædia Britannica ''Fiqh'' is of ...

Principles of Islamic jurisprudence Principles of Islamic jurisprudence () are traditional methodological principles used in Islamic jurisprudence (''fiqh'') for deriving the rulings of Islamic law (''sharia''). Traditional theory of Islamic jurisprudence elaborates how the scri ...

Hadith studies Hadith studies is the academic study of hadith, a literature typically thought in Islamic religion to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval of the Muhammad as transmitted through chains of narrators. A major area of inter ...

and

Biographical evaluation Biographical evaluation (; literally meaning'' 'Knowledge of Men', ''but more commonly understood as the ''Science of Narrators)'' refers to a discipline of Islamic religious studies within hadith terminology in which the narrators of hadith are ...

from the masters of Najaf seminary, including Mohammed Kazem Yazdi, Fethullah Qa'ravi Isfahani and Agha Zia ol Din Araghi. He also studied

astronomy Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and the phenomena that occur in the cosmos. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry in order to explain their origin and their overall evolution. Objects of interest includ ...

there. Hojjat fell ill during his studies in Najaf and returned to Tabriz on the advice of his father, but after a while he went to Najaf again and in addition to continuing his education, he also taught. In 1930, he returned to Iran and settled in

Qom Qom (; ) is a city in the Central District of Qom County, Qom province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is the seventh largest metropolis and also the seventh largest city in Iran. The city is ...

and began teaching in the

. His eloquence and mastery in teaching and his surroundings on the opinions and sources of Islamic jurisprudence attracted many students to his study circle. In 1945, he started the foundation of Hojjatieh school in Qom.

Shia authority

After the deaths of

Abu l-Hasan al-Isfahani Marja', Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Musawi Isfahani () (); 1861 – November 4, 1946) was an Iranian Shia marja'. Isfahani became the leading marja' of the Shia world after the death of Muhammad Hossein Naini, Muhammad-Hussein Naini. B ...

in 1947 and Seyyed Hossein Tabatabaei Qomi in 1948, he became a

; And millions followed him in religious rulings. He had authority of

from some of his masters, including his father, Agha Zia ol Din Araghi, Shariat Isfahani,

Seyyed Abutorab Khansari ''Sayyid'' is an honorific title of Hasanid and Husaynid lineage, recognized as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and Ali's sons Hasan and Husayn. The title may also refer to the descendants of the f ...

Abdullah Mamaqani Abdullah may refer to: * Abdullah (name), a list of people with the given name or surname * Abdullah, Kargı, Turkey, a village * ''Abdullah'' (film), a 1980 Bollywood film directed by Sanjay Khan * '' Abdullah: The Final Witness'', a 2015 Pakis ...

, Seyyed Hassan Sadr, Mohammad Baqer Birjandi,

and Mohammad Hossein Kashif al-Ghatta. He also received a certificate of

Ijtihad ''Ijtihad'' ( ; ' , ) is an Islamic legal term referring to independent reasoning by an expert in Islamic law, or the thorough exertion of a jurist's mental faculty in finding a solution to a legal question. It is contrasted with '' taqlid'' ( ...

from

Muhammad Hossein Naini Marja', Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Mohammad-Hossein Naini Gharavi (; May 25, 1860 – August 14, 1936) was an Iranian Shia marja'. His father Mirza Abdol Rahim and grandfather Haji Mirza Saeed, both one were Sheikhs of Nain and Mohammad Hussein prov ...

, Agha Zia ol Din Araghi and some of his other teachers.

His books

Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari has many writings in

Fiqh ''Fiqh'' (; ) is the term for Islamic jurisprudence.Fiqh
Encyclopædia Britannica ''Fiqh'' is of ...

and

Hadith studies

His most important

hadith Hadith is the Arabic word for a 'report' or an 'account f an event and refers to the Islamic oral tradition of anecdotes containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the Islamic prophet Muhammad or his immediate circle ...

works are: * Lavame ol-Anvar al-Qaraviah fi Morsalat el-Asar el-Nabavieh () * Mostadrak ol-Mostadrak fi Estedrake ma Fata An Sahebe el-Mostadrak () * Jame ol-Ahadith va al-Osool ()

Fiqh

His important jurisprudential works are: * Ketab al-Beie () * Ketab ol-Salat () * Ketab al-Vaqf () * Tanqih ol-Mataleb ol-Mobhamah fi Amal el-Sovar el-Mojassamah () * Manaseke Haj () * Kholasat ol-Ahkam () * Montakhab ol-Ahkam () * Tarjomeye Farsi Bedayat ol-Hedayah (

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

translation of ) He also published notes on some

Fatwa A fatwa (; ; ; ) is a legal ruling on a point of Islamic law (sharia) given by a qualified Islamic jurist ('' faqih'') in response to a question posed by a private individual, judge or government. A jurist issuing fatwas is called a ''mufti'', ...

books, including: * Vasilat ol-Nejah () by

Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa ''Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa'' (, ) was an Islamic revolutionary journal founded by Muhammad Abduh and Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī. Despite only running from 13 March 1884 to October 1884, it was one of the first and most important publications of the ' ...

() by Mohammed Kazem Yazdi

Principles of Islamic jurisprudence

He has written the following books on the principles of Islamic jurisprudence: * Resalat al-Estes'hab () * Notes on

Kefayah al-osul Kifayat al-Usul () (''Sufficiency of Principles'') is a two-volume book that contains the most notable works of Akhund Khorasani in the field of Principles of Islamic jurisprudence (''Usul al-Fiqh''). ''Kifayat al-Usul'' is often used in the a ...

() by Muhammad Kadhim Khorasani

Biographical evaluation

The

book of him is: * Notes on Tanqih ol-Maqal () by

According to

Shahab ud-Din Mar'ashi Najafi Shahab ad-Din Muhammad Hussain Mar'ashi Najafi (July 21, 1897 – August 29, 1990) () was an Iraqi Shia ''Grand Ayatollah'' and Marja'. Education He first mastered tajweed and learned the doctrines of tafsir which had been taught to him by ...

, some of Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari's writings, were in his library in his own handwriting and have not been published.

His students

Due to his years of education in the

Hawza Najaf The Najaf Seminary (), also known as the al-Hawza Al-Ilmiyya (الحوزة العلمية), is the oldest and one of the most important Shia seminaries (hawza) in the world. It is located near the Imam Ali Shrine in the city of Najaf in Iraq, and ...

and the

, he was able to raise many outstanding students. Some of them are: * Seyyed Mohammad Taqi Ghazanfari *

Seyyed Mohammad Mohaqeq Damad ''Sayyid'' is an honorific title of Hasanid and Husaynid lineage, recognized as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and Ali's sons Hasan ibn Ali, Hasan and Husayn ibn Ali, Husayn. The title may also refer ...

Mirza Hashem Amoli Ayatollah Mirza Hashem Amoli Larijani (; 26 February 189925 February 1993) was an Iranian Shia Marja' and scholar of jurisprudence. Amoli was the father of Ali Larijani, Sadegh Larijani, Mohammad Javad Larijani and Fazel Larijani who have held ...

* Mohammad Ali Qazi Tabatabaei *

Mousa Shubairi Zanjani Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Mousa Shubairi Zanjani (, born 2 March 1928) is an Iranian Twelver Shia Marja'. Biography He was born in Qom to Sayyid Ahmed Shubairi Zanjani in Azerbaijani family. He has studied in the Qom Seminary under Sayyid Hoss ...

* Morteza Haeri Yazdi * Ali Safi Golpaygani * Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani * Mirza Ali Qoravi Alyari *

Ja'far Sobhani Grand Ayatollah Jafar Sobhani (; born 9 April 1929) is an Iranian Twelver Shia marja, influential theologian and writer. Sobhani was a former member of the Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom and founder of Imam Sadiq Institute in Qom. E ...

Hossein Wahid Khorasani Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Hossein Wahid Khorasani (; born Mohammad-Hossein Molla-Saleh (Persian: )‎; 1 January 1921) is an Iranian author and Shia Islam, Shia marja'. He is the current head of the Qom Seminary. Khorasani is considered to be the ...

* Abdul Karim Haghshenas *

Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i (; 16 March 1903 – 15 November 1981) was an Iranian scholar, theorist, philosopher and one of the most prominent thinkers of modern Shia Islam. He is perhaps best known for his '' Tafsir al-Mizan'', a twenty-seven-vol ...

* Mehdi Haeri Yazdi * Ali Meshkini *

Moslem Malakouti Grand Ayatollah Moslem Malakouti (, 5 June 1924 – 24 April 2014) was an Iranian Shiite cleric, List of current Maraji, Marja and third imam Jumu'ah for Tabriz. His son Ali Malakouti is member of the Assembly of Experts. See also * Lists of m ...

Ali al-Sistani Ali al-Husayni al-Sistani (; born 4 August 1930) is an Islamic scholar and the dean of the Hawza of Najaf in Iraq. A Grand Ayatollah, Sistani is considered one of the leading religious leaders of Twelver Shia Muslims. After the invasion of ...

Mohammad Sadoughi Mohammad Sadoughi (; 1909–1982) known as "Sevomin-Shahide-Mehrab" (the 3rd martyr of Mihrab) is an Iranian peoples, Iranian Twelver Shia Ayatollah who was born in Yazd. He was a/the representative of Yazd people in the Assembly of Experts, asse ...

* Karamatollah Malek-Hosseini

Death

Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari, after a period of serious illness, died on 19 January 1953 at the age of 62 in

and was buried in a room next to the

mosque A mosque ( ), also called a masjid ( ), is a place of worship for Muslims. The term usually refers to a covered building, but can be any place where Salah, Islamic prayers are performed; such as an outdoor courtyard. Originally, mosques were si ...

of the Hojjatieh School.

Commemoration

The commemoration of Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari was held in February 2018 by the

References

External links

Hojjat Kooh Kamari on Encyclopedia of the Islamic World

Hojjat Kooh Kamari on wikinoor
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kooh Kamari, Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat 1893 births 1953 deaths Religious leaders from Tabriz Iranian Shia clerics Shia scholars of Islam