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Mirza Hashem Amoli
Ayatollah Mirza Hashem Amoli Larijani (; 26 February 189925 February 1993) was an Iranian Shia Marja' and scholar of jurisprudence. Amoli was the father of Ali Larijani, Sadegh Larijani, Mohammad Javad Larijani and Fazel Larijani who have held prominent positions in the government of Islamic Republic of Iran, and Bagher Larijani who is a medical practitioner Biography Hashem Amoli Larijani was born on 26 February 1899 in the Pardameh village of Larijan, Mazandaran province. He studied Islamic sciences in Amol, Tehran, and Qom. In Tehran, he studied in Sepahsalar school which was managed by Hassan Modarres. In 1926, he went to Qom and stayed for six years. Mirza Hashem Amoli Larijani achieved his Ijtihad from radical Islamists Abdul-Karim Ha'eri Yazdi and Muhammad Hujjat Kuh-Kamari. After that Amoli migrated to Najaf seminary and stayed there for thirty years. He moved back to Qom around 1963. Amoli was the father of one daughter (Fazeleh Larijani) and five sons ( Moha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allameh
''Allamah'' () is an Islamic honorary title for a profound scholar, a polymath, a man of vast reading and erudition, or a great learned one. The title is carried by scholars of Islamic fiqh (jurisprudence) and philosophy. It is used as an honorific in Sunni Islam as well as in Shia Islam, mostly in South Asia, the Middle East and Iran. Sunnis and Shias who have achieved scholarship in several disciplines are often referred to by the title. It is also used for philosophers, such as Allama Iqbal.One of the best orators of Bangladesh Maulana Delwar Hossain Sayeedi is addressed as Allama Sayeedi. See also * Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi * Habib al-Rahman al-A'zami * Shaykh al-Islām * Seghatoleslam * List of ayatollahs * List of maraji Maraji are the supreme legal authority for Twelver Shia Muslims. The following articles contain lists of maraji. * List of current maraji * List of deceased maraji See also *Marja' *Ijtihad *Hawza *Risalah (fiqh) Risalah () is the Arabic wo . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hassan Modarres
Seyyed Hassan Modarres (; , Sarabeh1 December 1937, Kashmar) was an Iranian Twelver Shi'a cleric and a notable supporter of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. He was among the founding members, along with Abdolhossein Teymourtash, of the reformist party ''Hezb-e Eslaah-talab'', which was formed during the fourth national Majlis of Iran. He has been called "brave and incorruptible" and "perhaps the most fervent mullah supporter of true constitutional government." Biography The sources disagree on his birthplace. Some mention that he was born in Ardestan around 1870, while others mention that he was born in a village named Sarābe-Kachou () near Ardestan in the early 1870s, and that he moved to Shahreza when he was six. Activities Having studied Islamic sciences in Isfahan and Najaf, Modarres became a religious teacher in an Isfahan's madrasa. The name Modarres, which means "teacher", is because of his job there. In 1910, he was chosen by Najaf's cleric community and sent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdollah Javadi-Amoli
Abdollah Javadi Amoli (; born 5 May 1933) is an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja. He is a conservative and political moderate politician, philosopher and one of the prominent Islamic scholars of the Iran. The official website for his scientific foundation, Isra, states that his ideas and views have been guidance to the Islamic Republic of Iran since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, and that "his strategic and enlightening guidance" has been "extremely constructive" during the past three decades. He is known as one of the biggest critics of the banking system in Iran. Early life He was born in 1933 in Amol, northern Iran to a clerical family. After finishing elementary school he joined Amol seminary in 1946 to seek religious studies. His father, Mirza Abul Hassan Vaez Javadi Amoli, was one of the scholars of Amol city. Scholarly career For five years, he studied the preliminary seminary courses as well as part of the intermediate courses under the supervision of his father Mirza Abul Ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naser Makarem Shirazi
Grand Ayatollah Naser Makarem Shirazi (, born 25 February 1927) is an Iranian Shia ''marja''' and religious leader. Biography Shirazi was born in the city of Shiraz, Iran on 25 February 1927. According to his website, his father was Ali Mohammad, his grandfather was Mohammad Karim, his forefather was Mohammad Baqer, and his progenitor was Mohammad Sadeq. According to Parvaneh Vahidmanesh one of the opponents of the Iranian government, he has Jewish ancestors. He finished his school in Shiraz. He started formal Islamic studies at 14 in the Agha Babakhan Shirazi seminary. After completing the introductory studies, he studied jurisprudence (''fiqh'') and its principles (''usool al-fiqh''). He made rapid progress and finished studying the introductory and intermediate Islamic studies levels in approximately four years. During this time, he also taught at the Islamic seminary in Shiraz. At the age of 18, he formally entered the theological seminary of Qom, and for the next five ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jawad Tabrizi
Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Mirza Jawad Kubar Tabrizi (; 1926 – November 20, 2006) was an Iranian Shia marja'. Tabrizi was another prominent student of the late grand Ayatollah Sayyid Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei, and one of the leading religious authorities that came to light after the death of al-Khoei. Early life and education Tabrizi was born in Tabriz, to Ali Kubar, a merchant, and Fatima Sultan. He claimed descent from Muhammad through his mother. Education He began his academic education in school, and completed his matriculation in Tabriz. However, he did ended up changing his mind, and going to the Islamic seminary. His family were not encouraging, since at that time, the government of Pahlavi dynasty was continuously pressuring the clerical class of the country. However, his family eventually accepted his fact, and Tabrizi began his Islamic education. He travelled to Qom in 1948, and studied under the thriving seminary under the spiritual guidance of grand Ayatollah Hossein B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Mofatteh
Mohammad Mofatteh (; 17 June 1928 – 18 December 1979) was an Iranian philosopher, theologian, and political activist. He was a Twelver Shia ayatollah and an important figure in the 1979 Iranian revolution, leading religious and anti-monarchist activities at Javid Mosque and Qoba Mosque. Mofatteh was arrested several times by SAVAK for his activities, and performed the 1978 Eid al-Fitr prayer that led to the Black Friday mass shooting. In addition to his political activities, Mofatteh was the author of several books such as ''Translation of Tafsir Kabir Majmaolbayan'', ''The Way of Thought'', and ''Outcomes of Imperialism'', among others. He also wrote many articles such as "The Role of Muslim Scientists in The Advance of Science" and "Where Did Islamic Scientific Movements Begin?". He was assassinated by four gunmen, all members of the Forqan Group, in front of the Theology Department of Tehran University on 18 December 1979. The day of his assassination is called the day for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Mohammadi Gilani
Ayatollah Mohammad Mohammadi Gilani () (31 August 1929 – 9 July 2014) was a member of the Assembly of Experts of the Islamic Republic of Iran. He was the chief justice of the supreme court of Iran, a position different from the head of the judiciary. Gilani was a judge of Tehran's Islamic Revolutionary Court for 1980–85. Later, he was a member of the Guardian Council between 1986 and 1992. Gilani was one of the judges that handed out death sentences to protestors during the 1981–1982 Iran Massacres. In a press conference, Gilani justified the trials and executions of the young girls. "By the Islamic canon," he stated, "a nine-year-old girl is mature. So there is no difference for us between a nine-year-old girl and a 40-year-old man." Gilani is also known for having signed the death warrants of Baháʼí Faith The Baháʼí Faith is a religion founded in the 19th century that teaches the Baháʼí Faith and the unity of religion, essential worth of all religions a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mostafa Mohaghegh Damad
Mostafa Mohaghegh Damad (; born 1945) is an Iranian Shia cleric and scholar. Education Mostafa passed his Islamic education in Arabic literature, Quran, Hadith, Islamic philosophy, theology, and jurisprudence at the Fayzieh School in the Qom. He achieved the degree of Ijtihad in 1970. Also, he continued his modern academic education in Islamic Philosophy and graduated on 1969 from Tehran University. After that he achieved his Master of Science degree in Islamic Jurisprudence on 1980 from Tehran University. In 1996, he went to University of Louvain (UCLouvain) in Belgium and earned his Ph.D. degree. Responsibilities As of 1988, he is member of The Academy of Sciences of Iran. Also, he is a professor in Faculty of Law at Shahid Beheshti University from 2007. He reportedly has held such posts in Iran as Chief of the State Inspectorate Organization, head of the Department of Islamic Studies of the Academy of Sciences of Iran, head of Commission of Judicial Bill Collection of Ir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Al-Hasan Isfahani
Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Musawi Isfahani () (); 1861 – November 4, 1946) was an Iranian Shia marja'. Isfahani became the leading marja' of the Shia world after the death of Muhammad-Hussein Naini. Biography Isfahani was born in Madiseh to Sayyid Muhammad Isfahani, a renowned alim of Isfahan. Isfahani passed his preliminary training in Nimarud School in Isfahan and travelled to Najaf in 1890. He joined the lessons of Akhund Khorasani, who soon recognized the talents of his disciple. Isfahani received his degree of Ijtihad from Khorasani. After the death of his contemporary scholar, Ayatollah Mirza Hussein Naini, he became the sole Marja' for most of Shia Muslims. Isfahani was banished to Iran for protecting Iraqi Muslims against colonial policies. Also, he had a strong position about the incidents at the Goharshad Mosque in Mashhad. Isfahani had a grandson named Musa Musawi who studied with him for 17 years. Musa Musawi was a renowned academic and philosopher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Hosein Na'ini
Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Mohammad-Hossein Naini Gharavi (; May 25, 1860 – August 14, 1936) was an Iranian Shia marja'. His father Mirza Abdol Rahim and grandfather Haji Mirza Saeed, both one were Sheikhs of Nain and Mohammad Hussein proved himself the most competent student of Ayatollah Kazem Khorasani. Ayatollah Naini is considered to be the most famous theoretician of Iran's Constitutional Revolution. He died in 1936 and was buried next to shrine of Imam Ali in Iraq. Among his works, notable references are his Dubios Habit, Vassilat'un Nijat, and Ressalat la Zarar. 50th death anniversary of Ayatollah Mirza Mohammed Hussein Naini was memorialized by issue of Stamps Tickets, in Iran, in 1987. Biography Mirza Muhammad Hossein Naini was born to a respected and religious family of Nain on 25 May 1860 ( 15 Dzulqadah 1276 Lunar Hijrah ). His father Mirza Abdol Rahim and grandfather Haji Mirza Saeed, both one after another were Sheikhs of Nain. Ayatollah Muhammad Hussein Naini, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Ali Shah Abadi
Mohammad Ali Bid Abadi Esfahani known as Shah Abadi (1872 in Isfahan – 24 November 1949, in Tehran), was an Iranian mystic and a Shiite mujtahid. He was also famous as Fitra philosopher. He was the son of ''Mohammad Javad Hossein Abadi Esfahani'', (known as ''Bid Abadi''), and ''Javad'', ''Mohammad'', ''Mahdi'', ''Hossein'', ''Hassan'', ''Abdullah'', ''Abbas'', ''Ruhollah'', ''Nasrollah'' and ''Nourullah'' are his children. Educations Mohammad Ali Bid Abadi Esfahani (Shah Abadi) was born in 1872 in ''Hossein Abad'' neighborhood of Isfahan. He went to Najaf after his preliminary and level education and learning theoretical mysticism and philosophy under revision of ''Mirza Hashem Ashkoori''. Shah Abadi was disciple of Muhammad Kazim Khurasani and Mirza Taqi al-Shirazi for seven years, and he received permission for ijtihad from these two and three other authorities. He lived in Tehran from 1912 to 1928 and during this time he was engaged in teaching and leading the congreg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Najaf
Najaf is the capital city of the Najaf Governorate in central Iraq, about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2024 is about 1.41 million people. It is widely considered amongst the holiest cities of Shia Islam and one of its spiritual capitals, as well as the center of Shia political power in Iraq. It is the Imam Ali Shrine, burial place of Muhammad's son in law and cousin, ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib, and thus a major pilgrimage destination for Shia Muslims. The largest cemetery in the world (Wadi-us-Salaam) and the oldest Shi'a Islamic seminary in the world (Hawza Najaf, Hawza of Najaf) are located in Najaf. Etymology According to Ibn Manzur, the word, "najaf" (), literally means a high and rectangular place around which water is accumulated, although the water does not go above its level. Al-Shaykh al-Saduq appeals to a hadith from Ja'far al-Sadiq, claiming that "Najaf" comes from the phrase, "nay jaff" which means "the nay sea has dried". "Naj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
