Muhammad Hasan Khan (

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

: ; 1760 1831) was the fifth khan of Shaki.

Early years

He was born around 1760 to

Muhammad Husayn khan Mushtaq Muhammad Husayn Khan Mushtaq (Persian: محمد حسین خان مشتاق, ), was the third khan of Shaki. He was described as a courageous but ruthless man by Abbasgulu agha Bakikhanov. Early years He was a grandson of Haji Chalabi. His f ...

and Qizkhanum (a daughter of

Arash Arash the Archer () is a heroic archer-figure of Iranian mythology. According to Iranian folklore, the boundary between Iran and Turan was set by an arrow launched by Arash, after he put his own life in the arrow's launch. The arrow was tra ...

noble Muhammad Salih beg). He was sent to Haji Khan by his father to negotiate peace who in turn imprisoned and sent him to be executed by

Ibrahim Khalil khan Ibrahim Khalil Khan Javanshir (, 1732–1806) was the second khan of the Karabakh Khanate from the Javanshir family. He was the son and successor of Panah-Ali khan Javanshir. Early life He was born in c. 1732 in Karabakh. He was among depo ...

. However, he was spared and kept hidden for 3 years when he was sent to claim his throne in 1783, killing his uncle and cousins after a successful conquest.

First reign

One of his first acts was to blind his half-brother Fatali and put in house arrest who was more favored by Arash Mahal nobility. Which caused

Salim Khan Salim Abdul Rashid Khan (born 24 November 1935) is an Indian actor, film producer and screenwriter. He wrote the screenplays, stories and scripts for numerous Bollywood films. He is one half of the prolific screenwriting duo of Salim–Javed, ...

, another half-brother to flee to

Djaro-Belokani The Djaro-Belokani communities (also Char, Car, Jar, Djari, Chary, rarely Chartalah) were a group of self-governing communities in the Caucasus from the 17th to the 19th centuries. They had close ties with the Elisu Sultanate to the southeast. ...

in 1784/1785. Salim Khan occupied Shaki when Muhammad Hasan travelled to visit new

Qajar The Guarded Domains of Iran, alternatively the Sublime State of Iran and commonly called Qajar Iran, Qajar Persia or the Qajar Empire, was the Iranian state under the rule of the Qajar dynasty, which was of Turkic origin,Cyrus Ghani. ''Iran an ...

shah Agha Muhammad in

Karabakh Karabakh ( ; ) is a geographic region in southwestern Azerbaijan and eastern Armenia, extending from the highlands of the Lesser Caucasus down to the lowlands between the rivers Kura and Aras. It is divided into three regions: Highland Kara ...

on November/December of 1795. While Salim Khan lost the battle near Goynuk, a sudden arrest of Muhammad Hasan by Mostafa khan Davalu (a general under Agha Muhammad) on the charge of treason, led him to re-occupy Shaki using the opportunity. Muhammad Hasan khan was blinded by Qajars and sent to

Tabriz Tabriz (; ) is a city in the Central District (Tabriz County), Central District of Tabriz County, in the East Azerbaijan province, East Azerbaijan province of northwestern Iran. It serves as capital of the province, the county, and the distric ...

as hostage, meanwhile his 7 underage sons were executed by Salim Khan.

Second reign

He was restored to power during Agha Muhammad's reconquest of Transcaucasus in 1797. He deposed Salim Khan on 9 May 1797 with help from

Qajars The Qajar family (; 1789–1925) was an Iranian royal family founded by Mohammad Khan (), a member of the Qoyunlu clan of the Turkoman-descended Qajar tribe. The dynasty's effective rule in Iran ended in 1925 when Iran's ''Majlis'', conveni ...

while other sources state he was supported by Mustafa khan of

Shirvan Shirvan (from ; ; Tat: ''Şirvan'') is a historical region in the eastern Caucasus, as known in both pre-Islamic Sasanian and Islamic times. Today, the region is an industrially and agriculturally developed part of the Republic of Azerbaijan ...

. His 8 year long second reign came to an end when his relationship with Shirvan strained again. His domains were invaded by Salim Khan who was now supported by Mustafa khan, however instead of battling, he surrendered himself to Mustafa khan, who spared him and sent viceroys to govern Shaki as a part of Shirvan. While Salim Khan informed his brother Fatali of this betrayal, locals enthroned Fatali Khan instead of Muhammad Hasan in defiance of Shirvan.Acts collected by the Caucasian Archeographic Commission: Volume II, Tbilisi, 1868
p. 643
/ref>

Later years

He was spared by Mustafa khan spent rest of his life in exile, wandering

Quba Khanate The Quba Khanate (also spelled Qobbeh; ) was one of the most significant semi-independent khanates that existed from 1747 to 1806, under Iranian suzerainty. It bordered the Caspian Sea to the east, Derbent Khanate to the north, Shaki Khanate to ...

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

Qajar Iran The Guarded Domains of Iran, alternatively the Sublime State of Iran and commonly called Qajar Iran, Qajar Persia or the Qajar Empire, was the Iranian state under the rule of the Qajar dynasty, which was of Turkic peoples, Turkic origin,Cyrus G ...

and

Dagestan Dagestan ( ; ; ), officially the Republic of Dagestan, is a republic of Russia situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, along the Caspian Sea. It is located north of the Greater Caucasus, and is a part of the North Caucasian Fede ...

to gather support. He marched on

Gazikumukh Khanate Gazikumukh Khanate was a Lak people (Dagestan), Lak state that was established in present-day Dagestan after the disintegration of Gazikumukh Shamkhalate in 1642. Its peoples included various Lezgin tribes and Avars. State structure Supreme co ...

armies on Shaki sometime later in vain, ultimately settled in

Tbilisi Tbilisi ( ; ka, თბილისი, ), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis ( ), ( ka, ტფილისი, tr ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), largest city of Georgia ( ...

with his son and was granted with 150

ruble The ruble or rouble (; rus, рубль, p=rublʲ) is a currency unit. Currently, currencies named ''ruble'' in circulation include the Russian ruble (RUB, ₽) in Russia and the Belarusian ruble (BYN, Rbl) in Belarus. These currencies are s ...

s monthly pension. However he was exiled again to

Kharkov Kharkiv, also known as Kharkov, is the second-largest List of cities in Ukraine, city in Ukraine.

and

Astrakhan Astrakhan (, ) is the largest city and administrative centre of Astrakhan Oblast in southern Russia. The city lies on two banks of the Volga, in the upper part of the Volga Delta, on eleven islands of the Caspian Depression, from the Caspian Se ...

by Russian authorities in suspicion related to Shaki revolt of 1814. He died in 1831 and was buried in Shaki Khan's Mosque.

Family

He had at least 8 wives and some issues with them: # Kheyrannisa khanum (a cousin) ## Tuti Agha - married to Ismail Khan Domboli (son of Jafar Qoli Khan Domboli) # Huri khanum (sister of

Fatali Khan Fatali Khan or Fath-Ali Khan of Quba () (1736 – March 29, 1789) was a khan of the Quba Khanate (1758–1789) who also managed to dominate the Derbent, Baku, Talysh and Shirvan Khanates, as well as the Salyan Sultanate during much of his reig ...

) ## Abdulla Agha ## Madina Khanum # Javahir khanum ( Lezgi) ## Abdul Rahman Agha # Ziba khanum (

Udi Udi may refer to: Places * Udi, Enugu, a local government areas and city in Nigeria * Udi Hills, Enugu State, Nigeria * Udi, a place in the Etawah district of Uttar Pradesh, India People Given name * Udi Aloni (born 1959), Israeli-American film ...

Armenian Armenian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia * Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent ** Armenian diaspora, Armenian communities around the ...

to converted

Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...

) ## Hashim Agha ## Fahra Khanum ## Amina Khanum # Gulandam khanum (

Mountain Jew Mountain Jews are the Mizrahi Jewish subgroup of the eastern and northern Caucasus, mainly Azerbaijan, and various republics in the Russian Federation: Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Karachay-Cherkessia, and Kabardino-Balkaria. Mountain Jew ...

converted to

) # Maryam khanum ( Georgian converted to

) # Shukufa khanum (Georgian) ## Telli Khanum # Badi Saba khanum (Georgian) ## Zeynab Khanum # Other wives with issues: ## Kafiya khanum ## Asiya khanum ## Sadri khanum Apart from these, he had at least 7 additional sons who were executed in infancy.

References

People from the Shaki Khanate 1760s births 1831 deaths