Morteza Motahhari (; 31 January 1919 – 1 May 1979) was an

Iranian Iranian () may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Iran ** Iranian diaspora, Iranians living outside Iran ** Iranian architecture, architecture of Iran and parts of the rest of West Asia ** Iranian cuisine, cooking traditions and practic ...

Twelver Twelver Shi'ism (), also known as Imamism () or Ithna Ashari, is the Islamic schools and branches, largest branch of Shia Islam, Shi'a Islam, comprising about 90% of all Shi'a Muslims. The term ''Twelver'' refers to its adherents' belief in twel ...

Shia Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib () as both his political successor (caliph) and as the spiritual leader of the Muslim community (imam). However, his right is understood ...

scholar, philosopher, lecturer. Motahhari is considered to have an important influence on the ideologies of the

Islamic Republic The term Islamic republic has been used in different ways. Some Muslim religious leaders have used it as the name for a form of Islamic theocratic government enforcing sharia, or laws compatible with sharia. The term has also been used for a s ...

, among others. He was a co-founder of

Hosseiniye Ershad The Hosseinieh Ershad or Hosseiniyeh Ershad () is a prominent cultural and religious institution located on Shariati Avenue in Tehran, Iran. Established in the early 1960s, it was designed to serve as a non-traditionalist venue for lectures and ...

and the

Combatant Clergy Association The Combatant Clergy Association () is a politically active group in Iran, but not a political party in the traditional sense. It has never been registered as a political party; however, it acts as a fragmented caucus and has actively operated ...

(''Jāme'e-ye Rowhāniyat-e Mobārez''). He was a disciple of

Ruhollah Khomeini Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini (17 May 1900 or 24 September 19023 June 1989) was an Iranian revolutionary, politician, political theorist, and religious leader. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the main leader of the Iranian ...

during the

Shah Shāh (; ) is a royal title meaning "king" in the Persian language.Yarshater, Ehsa, ''Iranian Studies'', vol. XXII, no. 1 (1989) Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Per ...

's reign and formed the

Council of the Islamic Revolution The Council of the Islamic Revolution () was a group formed by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini to manage the Iranian Revolution on 10 January 1979, shortly before he returned to Iran. "Over the next few months there issued from the council hundreds ...

at Khomeini's request. He was chairman of the council at the time of his assassination.

Biography

Early life

Motahhari was born in

Fariman Fariman () is a city in the Central District of Fariman County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west ...

. The year of birth is uncertain; with some sources giving 1919 and others giving it as 1920. He attended the

Hawza A hawza () or ḥawzah ʿilmīyah () is the collective term (plural hawzat) for a ''madrasa'' (i.e. seminary) where Marja', Shi'a Muslim scholars are educated. The word ''ḥawzah'' is Arabic, and has been adopted into Persian as a loan word. ...

Qom Qom (; ) is a city in the Central District of Qom County, Qom province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is the seventh largest metropolis and also the seventh largest city in Iran. The city is ...

from 1944 to 1952 and then left for

Tehran Tehran (; , ''Tehrân'') is the capital and largest city of Iran. It is the capital of Tehran province, and the administrative center for Tehran County and its Central District (Tehran County), Central District. With a population of around 9. ...

. His grandfather was an eminent religious scholar in

Sistan Sistān (), also known as Sakastān (, , current name: Zabol) and Sijistan (), is a historical region in south-eastern Iran and extending across the borders of present-day south-western Afghanistan, and south-western Pakistan. Mostly correspond ...

province and since he traveled with his family to

Khorasan Province Khorasan ( ; also transcribed as Khurasan, Xorasan and Khorassan), also called Traxiane during Hellenistic and Parthian Empire, Parthian times, was a Provinces of Iran, province in northeastern Iran until September 2004, when it was divided in ...

, there is little information about his origin as Sistanian. His father Shaykh Mohammad Hosseini was also an eminent figure in his village, Fariman, who was respected by the people. He was considered as one of the pupils of Akhund Khorasani and besides he was admired by Ayatollah Mara'shi Najafi.

Education

At the age of 5, Morteza Motahhari went to school without informing his parents. By the age of twelve he learned the preliminary Islamic sciences from his father. He also went to the seminary of

Mashhad Mashhad ( ; ), historically also known as Mashad, Meshhed, or Meshed in English, is the List of Iranian cities by population, second-most-populous city in Iran, located in the relatively remote north-east of the country about from Tehran. ...

and studied for two years there in the school of Abd ul-Khan along with his brother. But his studies remained unfinished in Mashhad seminary because of problems faced by his family which obliged him to return to Fariman to help them. According to Motahhari's own account, in this period he could study a great number of historical books. It was in this period that he was confronted with questions on worldview such as the problem of God. He considered Agha Mirza Mahdi Shahid Razavi as an eminent master in rational sciences. He decided to go to

in 1315 (

Solar Hijri calendar The Solar Hijri calendar is the official calendar of Iran. It is a solar calendar, based on the Earth's orbit around the Sun. Each year begins on the day of the March equinox and has years of 365 or 366 days. It is sometimes also called the S ...

). He finally took up residence in the school of Feyzieh in

. He studied the books ''Kifayah'' and ''Makaseb'' in

jurisprudence under the instruction of Ayatollah Sayyed Mohaqeq Yazdi popularly known as Damad. He also participated in the lectures of Hojjat Kooh Kamarehei and sought knowledge from Sadr al-Din al-Sadr, Mohammad Taqi Khansari, Golpaygani, Ahmad Khansari and Najafi Marashi. When Ayatollah Boroujerdi emigrated to Qom, Motahari could take part in his courses on Principles of Jurisprudence. Ayatollah Montazeri was his classmate in this period. Later, Motahhari emigrated to

Isfahan Isfahan or Esfahan ( ) is a city in the Central District (Isfahan County), Central District of Isfahan County, Isfahan province, Iran. It is the capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is located south of Tehran. The city ...

because of hot climate of

. There he became familiar with Haj Ali Agha Shirazi who was the teacher of

Nahj al-Balagha () is the best-known collection of sermons, letters, and sayings attributed to Ali, Ali ibn Abi Talib (), the fourth Rashidun Caliphate, Rashidun caliph (), the first Imamate in Shia doctrine, Shia imam, and the cousin and son-in-law of the P ...

in 1320 (

) whom Motahhari always described with honor. Later, he joined the

University of Tehran The University of Tehran (UT) or Tehran University (, ) is a public collegiate university in Iran, and the oldest and most prominent Iranian university located in Tehran. Based on its historical, socio-cultural, and political pedigree, as well as ...

, where he taught philosophy for 22 years. Between 1965 and 1973 he also gave regular lectures at the

in Northern Tehran. He was also a professor of theology at

Tehran University The University of Tehran (UT) or Tehran University (, ) is a public collegiate university in Iran, and the oldest and most prominent Iranian university located in Tehran. Based on its historical, socio-cultural, and political pedigree, as well as ...

. Motahhari wrote several books on

Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...

, Iran, and historical topics. His emphasis was on teaching rather than writing. However, after his death, some of his students worked on writing down his lectures and publishing them as books. As of the mid-2008, the "Sadra Publication" published more than sixty volumes by Motahhari. Nearly 30 books were written about Motahhari or quoted from his speeches. Morteza Motahhari opposed what he called groups who "depend on other schools, especially materialistic schools" but who present these "foreign ideas with Islamic emblems". In a June 1977 article he wrote to warn "all great Islamic authorities" of the danger of "these external influential ideas under the pretext and banner of Islam." It is thought he was referring to the People's Mujahideen of Iran and the Furqan Group. Motahhari was the father-in-law of Iran's former secretary of National Security Council

Ali Larijani Ali Ardashir Larijani (born 3 June 1958) is an Iranian politician and former military officer in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, who served as the Speaker of the Parliament of Iran from 2008 to 2020. He has been a member of the Expediency ...

. It was by Motahari's advice that Larijani switched from computer science to

Western Philosophy Western philosophy refers to the Philosophy, philosophical thought, traditions and works of the Western world. Historically, the term refers to the philosophical thinking of Western culture, beginning with the ancient Greek philosophy of the Pre ...

for graduate studies. A major street in Tehran formerly known as ''Takhte Tavoos'' (

Peacock Throne The Peacock Throne ( Hindustani: ''Mayūrāsana'', Sanskrit: मयूरासन, Urdu: تخت طاؤس, , ''Takht-i Tāvūs'') was the imperial throne of Hindustan. The throne is named after the dancing peacocks at its rear and was the seat ...

) was renamed after him. Morteza Motahari Street connects Sohrevardi Street and

Valiasr Street Valiasr Street (), formerly known as Pahlavi Street, is a tree-lined street in Tehran, dividing the metropolis into western and eastern parts which were built in 1922 to 1927 respectively, considering the end of asphalt plan it ended in 1933. It ...

, two major streets in Tehran.

Activities during the Islamic revolution

During the struggle with

's regime, Morteza Motahhari contributed in creating new Islamic discourses. Besides, he was among those who had discussed the conditions of

Marja' Marja (; plural ''marājiʿ''; ) is a title given to the highest level of Twelver Shia religious cleric, with the authority given by a hawzah (a seminary where Shi'a Muslim scholars are educated) to make legal decisions within the confines of Sh ...

after the death of Ayatollah Broujerdi. He wrote the book ''Mutual services of Iran and Islam'' in such a condition. Also his works had an important impact on expanding the movement of religious reform in early days of revolution. His works primarily consisted of traditional Islamic and Shia thoughts. He wrote an essay about revitalization of religious thought in the occasion. Writing the "need for Candidness in religious leadership", he aimed to show the youth the attractiveness of Islam.

Opinions

Morteza Motahhari expressed his opinions in different majors and disciplines such as philosophy, religion, economic, politics, etc. Motahhari and Shariati were counted as two prominent figures during

Islamic revolution of Iran The Iranian Revolution (, ), also known as the 1979 Revolution, or the Islamic Revolution of 1979 (, ) was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution led to the replacement of the Impe ...

. He emphasized on Islamic democracy for suitable political structure. Motahhari also recognized

fitra or (; ALA-LC: ) is an Arabic word that means 'original disposition', 'natural constitution' or 'innate nature'. The concept somewhat resembles natural order in philosophy, although there are considerable differences as well. In Islam, is the ...

as the truth of human. According to him, fitra is a permanent and unchangeable quality in human nature. In fact, he believed that fitra played the role of a mediator in God-human beings relation. Also, he believed that

Imam Imam (; , '; : , ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a prayer leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Salah, Islamic prayers, serve as community leaders, ...

was a perfect man who shows the high rank of human spirituality. Imam also is characterized as a religious leader. His lengthy footnote on the "book of principles of philosophy and method of realism" by

Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i (; 16 March 1903 – 15 November 1981) was an Iranian scholar, theorist, philosopher and one of the most prominent thinkers of modern Shia Islam. He is perhaps best known for his '' Tafsir al-Mizan'', a twenty-seven-vol ...

was against the historical

Marxism Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis. It uses a dialectical and materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to analyse class relations, social conflict, ...

. Also he believed that '' Wali-e faqih'' only had the right of supervisory not governing. He also maintained that the ruling was one of the political aspect of Imam in society. He maintained that there was no conflict between science and religion since he believed that Science qua science had no conflict and challenge with metaphysics. He believed that the quasi-conflict between science and religion was in terms of their language not themselves.

Development

Motahhari also expressed views on development and relevant ideology. According to him, freedom, culture and mental-cultural revolution are principles of development. He also refers to some elements for characterizing a developed society. These factors are independence, knowledge and transcendence. Also, according to Motahhari, development originates from cultural self-reliance, purification of cultural sources and logical and cautious communication with

west West is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east and is the direction in which the Sun sets on the Earth. Etymology The word "west" is a Germanic word passed into some Romance langu ...

. Motahhari believed in the development of human resources but he also thought that economy was not an aim but only is a condition for development.

Equality

As outlined by Ayatollah Morteza Motahhari in 1975, the phrase 'equal rights' means something different from what is commonly understood by Western world. He clarified that men and women were innately different and therefore enjoyed different rights, duties and punishments. In 1966-1967, amidst the growing debate over the Shah's Family Protection Law, he published a series of essays in Zan-e Rooz (Today’s Woman) on subjects such as divorce, inheritance rights, alimony, polygamy, and differences between genders. The "return to shari'a" by Motahhari was a mixed discourse that borrowed from Western ideas whenever they were suitable to his objectives. For example, he condemned those who opposed women's higher education, emphasizing that trained female doctors and surgeons were necessary for the gender-segregated social structure he sought. Additionally, he adopted elements from Protestant charitable practices in the West.

Fiqh

Motahhari believed that the eternality of Islam is provided by ''

Fiqh ''Fiqh'' (; ) is the term for Islamic jurisprudence.Fiqh
Encyclopædia Britannica ''Fiqh'' is of ...

''. He thought that fiqh along with the character of

ijtihad ''Ijtihad'' ( ; ' , ) is an Islamic legal term referring to independent reasoning by an expert in Islamic law, or the thorough exertion of a jurist's mental faculty in finding a solution to a legal question. It is contrasted with '' taqlid'' ( ...

could be an important thing for confronting with the problem of different times and places. Using ijtihad, there is no need to a new prophet.

Freedom

Motahhari defined freedom as nonexistence of obstacles. According to him, obstacles were of two characters. The first one was that obstacle could limit human and besides counted as a something get human not to do something. In simple word, obstacle could has the dignity of limiting and declining humans. The second one is to thing which decline the perception and introspection of subject in terms of knowledge. According to Motahhari, aside from the realization of putting away obstacles we need to give the spirit of freedom. He analyze the concept of freedom as both right and obligation. He believes that the freedom has necessity for human. Human must be free to choose voluntarily his path. He believes that, contrary to liberalists, inborn right has an ultimate for transcending of human beings.

Philosophy of law

Like other men of thought, Motahhari thinks that we have to define the concepts first of all. Therefore, he defines right as a dominance or score on something. According to right the human is merit to possess something and other human ought to respect him. Some of rights are such as the right of parents on their children or the rights of husband and wife in relation to each other. Motahhari divided the right into two groups. First group is existential rights or takwini and the second is religious rights or tashriei. former is a real relation between person and object and the latter determined according to former. He knew the right as a potential score for persons. In fact the right concerned with the priority of somebody on something. He concerned with the question in that is the right and possession predicated on human as such or predicated on human in terms of being in society? He believes that undoubtedly the right existed prior to society. Contrary to

John Austin (legal philosopher) John Austin (3 March 1790 – 1 December 1859) was an English legal theorist who posthumously influenced British and American law with an analytical approach to jurisprudence and a theory of legal positivism. Austin opposed traditional approache ...

, Motahhari believes that there is a mutual relation between right and responsibility (''Haq va Taklif''). Motahhari believes that the natural law theory is a rational one that is of importance for human kind. According to him, the foundation of natural theory of law is to world has a goal and aim finally. On the basis of principle of having goal, the God creates the world for the sake of human kind and they have potential right to change the world therefore human kind have right prior to introducing in society.

Philosophy of religion

Motahhari refers to the concept of 'maktab' or school when he intends to define the word of religion. According to him maktab is a thoughtful disciplined system including ideology and View in terms of ethics, politics, economy and civil law, etc. Finally, he defines religion as a collection of knowledge bestowed to human for the sake of guiding him and also religion is a collection of beliefs, moralities and individual and collective judgments. Therefore, he knows religion and its teaching as beliefs, moralities and judgments. Also Motahhari believes that the domain of religion at all is not limited to life but concerned with after afterlife. He believes that Islam as a religion is consistent with life of human and there is no room for denying it.

Western philosophy

Dariush Shayegan believes that Motahhari confused the

Hegelian Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (27 August 1770 – 14 November 1831) was a 19th-century German idealist. His influence extends across a wide range of topics from metaphysical issues in epistemology and ontology, to political philosophy and the ...

thought and Stace's quotations in confronting with Hegel. According to Shaygan since each of Motahhari and Hegel belong to different paradigms, there is no common world between them.

Epistemology

Motahhari criticized the ideology of

, along with pioneer figures like

Ali Shariati Ali Shariati Mazinani (, 23November 193318June 1977) was an Iranian revolutionary and sociologist who specialised in the sociology of religion. He is regarded as one of the most influential Iranian intellectuals of the 20th century. He has be ...

. He considered Marxism to be a great threat for youths and revolution of Iran. Also his commentary on the book of

Mulla Sadra Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī, more commonly known as Mullā Ṣadrā (; ; c. 1571/2 – c. 1635/40 CE / 980 – 1050 AH), was a Persians, Persian Twelver Shi'a, Shi'i Islamic philosophy, Islamic mystic, philosopher, Kalam, theologian, a ...

influenced many scholars. Besides, he also emphasized on the social, cultural and historical contingencies of religious knowledge. Motahhari argued that if someone compares fatwas belong to different jurists and at the same time considers their lives and states of knowledge then it is clear that the presuppositions of jurists and its knowledge affected their knowledge. According to him, because of this reason, we observe that the fatwa belong to Arab has an Arab flavor and the fatwa belong to non-Arab has an Ajam flavor. Also He tried to compare Quran with nature. He also believed that the contemporary interpretations of Quran were considerable than Ancient rendition of Islam because the future generation has a better understanding of Quran and Also a deeper appreciation of it. But at the same Time he doesn't believe in epistemological pluralism.

Death and legacy

Ayatollah Khamenei Giving Speech in Anniversary of Shahid Motahari by Khamenei

Celebrating the anniversary of the birth of Martyr Motahhari

On 1 May 1979, Morteza Motahhari was gunned down in Tehran after leaving a late meeting at the house of

Yadollah Sahabi Yadollah Sahabi (Persian: یدالله سحابی) (25 February 1905 – 12 April 2002) was a prominent Iranian scholar, writer, reformist and politician. A close associate of Mohammad Mosaddegh and Mehdi Bazargan, Sahabi was an active campaigner ...

. The Forqan Group claimed responsibility for the assassination. The alleged assassin was the group's founder, Akbar Goudarzi.

Teachers' Day (Motahrai's death)

On the occasions of Morteza Motahari's death (assassinated by Forqan Group), 12-

Ordibehesht Ordibehesht‌ or Ardibehesht (, ) is the second month of the Zoroastrian calendar, which is used officially in Iran and Afghanistan. It has 31 days and spans the months of April and May in the Gregorian calendar. The Dari name for the month is S ...

(the second month of the

) has been named at the calendar of Islamic Republic of Iran as "Teachers' Day". An honoring of "Teachers' Day" is held annually in Iran for a week.

Museum

In 1346, due to the establishment of Hosseinieh Ershad and with the insistence of his friends to get closer to Hosseinieh, he moved to Dolat Street,

Gholhak Gholhak or Qolhak () is a neighborhood located in District 3 of Tehran Municipality. It is bounded on the east by the Darrous neighborhood (Fakourian Street), on the west by the Gholhak River, on the north by the British Embassy Garden, and on th ...

neighborhood. During his 9 years of residence in this house (from 1346 to 1355), which had the longest time compared to the rest of his years of residence in Tehran, he wrote most of his works in this house. The house is built on two floors, on the first floor of which are the manuscripts and personal belongings of Shahid Motahari and on the second floor are the books of that martyr. The Shahid Motahari Museum was established in 2007. Identifying, collecting, organizing, introducing and preserving the works of the master is one of the main goals of becoming a museum of this historical house. Providing a suitable space and environment for researchers who intend to study the works of Master Motahhari has also been one of the reasons for reading the second floor of this house. Holding seminars and meetings on the subject of the master's works is one of the most important group programs of this museum house, which is held several times during the year.

Awards

UNESCO Award The Cultural Diversity Award Under the Patronage of UNESCO, known simply as the Cultural Diversity Award, is an award category of the annual Asia Pacific Screen Awards. It is awarded annually to a film practitioner and film from the region for thei ...

, 1965.

Works/Publications

He "authored over fifty books, which dealt with theology and philosophy as well as practical issues such as sexual ethics, usury, and insurance", some of which include: *''Tawhid'' (Monotheism) * * * *''Adl -e- Elahi'' (Divine Justice) *''Nubuwwah'' (Prophet-hood) *''Ma'ad'' (The Return, a book on

Islamic eschatology Islamic eschatology includes the afterlife, apocalyptic signs of the End Times, and final Judgement. It is fundamental to Islam as life after death is one of the six Doctrines of Islam. Resurrection is divided into Lesser Resurrection (''al-q ...

) *''Hamase -e- Husaini'' (Husaynian Epic) *''Seiry dar nahj al-balagha'' (A Journey through

) *''Seiry dar sirey'e a'emeye at-har'' (A Journey through the Conduct of the Purified Imams) *''Seiry dar sirey'e nabavi'' (A Journey through the

Prophetic In religion, mythology, and fiction, a prophecy is a message that has been communicated to a person (typically called a ''prophet'') by a supernatural entity. Prophecies are a feature of many cultures and belief systems and usually contain divin ...

Conduct) *''Insan -e- Kamel'' (The Complete Human) *''Payambar -e- Ommi'' (The Uneducated Prophet) *''Osool -e Falsafa va ravesh -e- Realism'' ( The Principles of Philosophy and the Method of Realism) *''Sharh -e- Manzume'' (An exegesis on Mulla Hadi Sabzavari's versified summary of

Transcendent theosophy Transcendent theosophy or al-hikmat al-muta’āliyah (حكمت متعاليه), the doctrine and philosophy developed by Persian philosopher Mulla Sadra (d.1635 CE), is one of two main disciplines of Islamic philosophy that are currently live a ...

) *''Imamat va rahbary'' (

Imamate The term imamate or ''imamah'' (, ''imāmah'') means "leadership" and refers to the office of an ''imam'' or a Muslim theocratic state ruled by an ''imam''. Theology *Imamate in Shia doctrine, the doctrine of the leadership of the Muslim commu ...

and Leadership) *''Dah Goftar'' (A collection of 10 essays by Motahari) *''Bist Goftar'' (A collection of 20 essays by Motahari) *''Panzdah Goftar'' (A collection of 15 essays by Motahari) * ( Spiritual Discourses) *''Ashneya'ei ba Quran'' (An Introduction to the Qur'an) *''Ayande -e- Enghlab -e- Islami'' (The Future of the Islamic Revolution) *''Dars -e- Qur'an'' (Lesson of

Qur'an The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God ('' Allāh''). It is organized in 114 chapters (, ) which consist of individual verses ('). Besides ...

) *''Ehyaye Tafakor -e- Islami'' (Revival of Islamic Thinking) *''Akhlagh -e- Jensi'' (

Sexual Ethics Sexual ethics (also known as sex ethics or sexual morality) is a branch of philosophy that considers the ethics or morality of Human sexual behaviour, sexual behavior. Sexual ethics seeks to understand, evaluate and critique interpersonal relatio ...

) *''Islam va niazha -ye- jahan'' (Islam and the Demands of the Modern World) *''Emdadhaye gheibi dar zendegi -e- bashar'' (Hidden Aids in Human Life) *''Ensan va sarnevesht'' (Man and Destiny) *''Panj maghale'' (Five Essays) *''Ta'lim va tarbiyat dar Islam'' (Education in Islam) *''Jazebe va dafe'eye Ali'' (Ali's Attraction and Repulsion) *''Jehad'' (The Holy War of Islam and Its Legitimacy in the Quran) *''Hajj'' (Pilgrimage) *''Hekmat-ha va andarz-ha'' (Wisdoms and Warnings) *''Khatemiyat'' ( The Doctrine of the Seal of Prophethood by Muhammad) *''Khatm -e- Nobowat'' (The Seal of Prophethood) *''Khadamāt-e moteqābel-e Eslām va Īrān'' (Islam and Iran: A Historical Study of Mutual Services). A 750-pages book where he shows how Iran and Islam benefited each other. He also said that we can't reject nationalism as a whole: "Nationalism should not be condemned categorically, and when it conveys positive qualities, it leads to solidarity, good relations, and common welfare among those we live with. It is neither irrational nor is it contrary to Islam."Farhang Rajaee, ''Islamism and Modernism: The Changing Discourse in Iran'', University of Texas Press (2010), p. 129 *''Dastan -e- Rastan'' ( Anecdotes of Pious Men) *''Darshaye Asfar'' *''Shesh maghale'' (Six Essays) *''Erfan -e- Hafez'' *''Elale gerayesh be madigary'' *''Fetrat'' *''Falsafe -ye- Akhlagh'' (Ethics) *''Falsafe -ye- Tarikh'' (Philosophy of History) *''Ghiam va enghelab -e- Mahdi'' *''Koliyat -e- olume Islami'' ( Understanding Islamic Sciences) *''Goft o gooye chahar janebe'' *''Masaleye Hejab'' (Problem of Hijab) *''Masaleye Reba'' *''Masaleye Shenakht'' *''Maghalate falsafi'' (A selection of Philosophical articles written by Motahari) *''Moghadameyi bar jahanbiniye Islami'' (Consists of 6 different books written about this subject) *''Nabard -e- hagh va batel'' *''Nezam -e- hoghoghe zan dar Islam'' *''Nazari bar nezame eghtesadiye Islam'' *''Naghdi bar Marxism'' (A critic on Marxism) *''Nehzat-haye Islami dar 100 sale akhir'' *''

Sexual Ethics in Islam and in the Western World Sexual Ethics in Islam and in the Western World () is a book containing a series of articles by Morteza Motahhari. The articles covered topics such as sexual ethics and the ideas of new thinkers, evaluation of the principles of the new sexual sys ...

'' (English) *''Vela'ha va velayat-ha'' *''Azadegi'' *''Ayineye Jam'' (Interpretation of poetry of

Hafez (), known by his pen name Hafez ( or 'the keeper'; 1325–1390) or Hafiz, “Ḥāfeẓ” designates someoone who has learned the Qurʾān by heart" also known by his nickname Lisan al-Ghaib ('the tongue of the unseen'), was a Persian lyri ...

)

References and notes

External links

Online books by Murtaza Mutahhari

Morteza Motahhari

WorldCat WorldCat is a union catalog that itemizes the collections of tens of thousands of institutions (mostly libraries), in many countries, that are current or past members of the OCLC global cooperative. It is operated by OCLC, Inc. Many of the O ...

Martyrdom Anniversary of 'Ayatollah Morteza Motahhari'

Tag: Morteza Motanhhari, Iran Press News
{{DEFAULTSORT:Motahhari, Morteza 1919 births 1979 deaths Politicians from Mashhad Iranian ayatollahs Iranian writers Islamic philosophers Combatant Clergy Association politicians People of the Iranian Revolution Assassinated Iranian politicians Deaths by firearm in Iran People murdered in Iran Iranian terrorism victims Iranian revolutionaries Islamic Coalition Party politicians Council of the Islamic Revolution members People assassinated by the Forqan Group 20th-century Iranian philosophers Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies of the University of Tehran alumni Iranian Islamists Shia Islamists Iranian Science and Culture Hall of Fame recipients in Theology Morteza Motahhari Qom Seminary alumni Asian politicians assassinated in the 1970s Politicians assassinated in 1979 Assassinated Shiite clerics Iranian republicans Burials at Fatima Masumeh Shrine