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Fitra
or (; ALA-LC: ) is an Arabic word that means 'original disposition', 'natural constitution' or 'innate nature'. The concept somewhat resembles natural order in philosophy, although there are considerable differences as well. In Islam, is the innate human nature that recognizes the oneness of God (). It may entail either the state of purity and innocence in which Muslims believe all humans to be born, or the ability to choose or reject God's guidance. The Quran states that humans were created in the most perfect form (95:4), and were endowed with a primordial nature (30:30). Furthermore, God took a covenant from all children of Adam, even before they were sent to Earth's worldly realm, regarding his Lordship (7:172–173). This covenant is considered to have left an everlasting imprint on the human soul, with the Quran emphasizing that on the Day of Judgment no one will be able to plead ignorance of this event (7:172–173). is also associated with the divine spirit that G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eid Al-Fitr
Eid al-Fitr () is the first of the two main Islamic holidays, festivals in Islam, the other being Eid al-Adha. It falls on the first day of Shawwal, the tenth month of the Islamic calendar. Eid al-Fitr is celebrated by Muslims worldwide because it marks the end of the Fasting in Islam, month-long dawn-to-dusk fasting (''sawm'') of Ramadan. The holiday is known under various other names in different languages and countries around the world. Eid al-Fitr has a particular that consists of two generally performed in an open field or large hall. It may only be performed in congregation () and features six additional (raising of the hands to the ears whilst reciting the Takbir, saying "Allāhu ʾAkbar", meaning "God is the greatest"). In the Hanafi school of Sunni Islam, there are three at the start of the first and three just before in the second . Other Sunni schools usually have 12 , similarly split in groups of seven and five. In Shia Islam, the has six in the first at th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Innatism
In the philosophy of mind, innatism is the view that the mind is born with already-formed ideas, knowledge, and beliefs. The opposing doctrine, that the mind is a '' tabula rasa'' (blank slate) at birth and all knowledge is gained from experience and the senses, is called empiricism. Difference from nativism ''Innatism'' and ''nativism'' are generally synonymous terms referring to the notion of preexisting ideas in the mind. However, more specifically, innatism refers to the philosophy of Descartes, who assumed that God or a similar being or process placed innate ideas and principles in the human mind.Tad M. Schmaltz, ''Radical Cartesianism: The French Reception of Descartes'', Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 257. The innatist principles in this regard may overlap with similar concepts such as natural order and state of nature, in philosophy. Nativism represents an adaptation of this, grounded in the fields of genetics, cognitive psychology, and psycholinguistics. Na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world's Major religious groups, second-largest religious population after Christians. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a Fitra, primordial faith that was revealed many times through earlier Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophets and messengers, including Adam in Islam, Adam, Noah in Islam, Noah, Abraham in Islam, Abraham, Moses in Islam, Moses, and Jesus in Islam, Jesus. Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God in Islam, God and the unaltered, final revelation. Alongside the Quran, Muslims also believe in previous Islamic holy books, revelations, such as the Torah in Islam, Tawrat (the Torah), the Zabur (Psalms), and the Gospel in Islam, Injil (Gospel). They believe that Muhammad in Islam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nafs
''Nafs'' () is an Arabic word occurring in the Quran, literally meaning "self", and has been translated as " psyche", " ego" or "soul".Nurdeen Deuraseh and Mansor Abu Talib (2005), "Mental health in Islamic medical tradition", ''The International Medical Journal'' 4 (2), p. 76-79 The term is cognate with the Hebrew word ''nephesh'', נֶפֶשׁ. In the Quran, the word ''nafs'' is used in both the individualistic (verse 2:48) and collective sense (verse 4:1), indicating that although humanity is united in possessing the positive qualities of a ''nafs'', they are individually responsible for exercising the agencies of the "free will" that it provides them. Much of the popular literature on ''nafs'', however, is focused on the Sufi conceptions of the term located within the sadr (the chest). According to the Sufi philosophies, the ''nafs'' in its unrefined state is "the ego", which they consider to be the lowest dimension of a person's inward existence—his animal and satanic na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Al-Layth Al-Samarqandi
Abu al-Layth Nasr ibn Muhammad al-Samarqandi (; 944–983) was an Islamic scholar of the Hanafi school and Quran commentator, who lived during the second half of the 10th century. Works Al-Samarqandī authored various books on theology Theology is the study of religious belief from a Religion, religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity. It is taught as an Discipline (academia), academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itse ... and juridical works, including ''Baḥr al-ʿUlūm'', بحر العلوم, a Quran exegesis, also known as ''Tafsīr as-Samarqandi''; ''Tanbīh al-Ġāfilīn'', تنبيه الغافلين; and the '' nawāzil''-collections ''Kitāb al-Nawāzil fi al-furūʿ'' and ''Mukhtaṣar'' (which stand as unusual examples of Hanafi ''nawāzil'', in a genre usually associated with the Maliki school of Islamic jurispriudence).Ed., 'Nāzila', in P. Bearman (ed.), Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Online (EI-2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jinn
Jinn or djinn (), alternatively genies, are supernatural beings in pre-Islamic Arabian religion and Islam. Their existence is generally defined as parallel to humans, as they have free will, are accountable for their deeds, and can be either believers (Muslims#Etymology, Muslims) or disbelievers (''kafir, kuffar'') in God in Islam, God. Since jinn are neither innately evil nor innately good, Islam acknowledged spirits from other religions and could adapt them during Spread of Islam, its expansion. Likewise, jinn are not a strictly Islamic concept; they may represent several pagan beliefs integrated into Islam. Islam places jinn and humans on the same plane in relation to God, with both being subject to Judgement Day in Islam, divine judgement and an Akhirah, afterlife. The Quran condemns the pre-Islamic Arabian practice of Jahiliyyah, worshipping or seeking protection from them. While they are naturally invisible, jinn are supposed to be composed of thin and subtle bodies () ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sharia
Sharia, Sharī'ah, Shari'a, or Shariah () is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition based on Islamic holy books, scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran, Qur'an and hadith. In Islamic terminology ''sharīʿah'' refers to immutable, intangible divine law; contrary to ''fiqh'', which refers to its interpretations by Ulama, Islamic scholars. Sharia, or fiqh as traditionally known, has always been used alongside urf, customary law from the very beginning in Islamic history; has been elaborated and developed over the centuries by fatwa, legal opinions issued by mufti, qualified jurists – reflecting the tendencies of Schools of Fiqh, different schools – and integrated and with various economic, penal and administrative laws issued by Muslims, Muslim rulers; and implemented for centuries by Qadi, judges in the courts until recent times, when secularism was widely adopted in Islamic societies. Traditional Principles of Islamic jurisprudence, theory o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iftar
''Iftar'' () is the Fasting in Islam, fast-breaking Supper, evening meal of Muslims in Ramadan at the time of ' (call to prayer) of the Maghrib prayer. Iftar is the second meal of the day; during Ramadan, the daily fast begins immediately after the pre-dawn meal of and continues during the daylight hours, ending at sunset with the evening meal of iftar. In 2023, UNESCO added iftar to its list of Intangible Cultural Heritage. History The history of iftar is confirmedly deep-rooted in Islamic tradition. It traces its roots to the life of Islamic Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century, when he broke his fast with food and water, establishing a tradition widely emulated by Muslims around the world. The communal aspect of iftar where meals are shared among people help ensure solidarity and community ties. Iftar has evolved into a rich socio-cultural tradition, this was especially evident during the Islamic Golden Age when affluent individuals would host lavish meals to encourag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Study Quran
''The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary'' (TSQ) is a 2015 English-language edition of the Quran edited by Seyyed Hossein Nasr and published by HarperOne. Fellow Muslims Joseph Lumbard, Caner Dagli and Maria Massi Dakake, prepared the translation, wrote the commentary, and also served as general editors, and Mohammed Rustom contributed as an assistant editor by checking the translation and writing some of the commentary. Alongside a new English translation and extensive commentary, ''The Study Quran'' features numerous essays, maps, and other material. Development The idea of an English-language Quran for scholars and students was originally proposed to Nasr by HarperOne (then HarperSanFrancisco), who wanted Nasr as the editor-in-chief. Nasr initially declined, but after the publisher told him that the book would not happen without him, he felt obligated to lead the project. Nasr had several conditions for the work: firstly, that it would avoid modernistic and fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Infitar
The Cleaving in Sunder (, al-infiṭār, also known as "The Cleaving" and "Bursting Apart") is the 82nd sura of the Quran, with 19 ayat. The chapter is named 'Al-Infitar' because of the occurrence of the word 'unfatarat' in the first verse of this chapter. Infitar means 'split asunder': the word 'Unfatarat' is used in this chapter in order to describe the splitting of the sky on the day of Judgment. This chapter (Al-Infitar), along with chapters At-Takwir and Al-Inshiqaq, provides an exhaustive description about the 'Day of Judgment'. Summary *1-5 Signs of the Judgement Day in Islam, Judgement Day *6-9 Astonishing unbelief of man in his Creator in Islam, Creator *10-12 Guardian angels in Islam, Guardian angels record the deeds of men *13-16 In the judgment the righteous shall be rewarded and the wicked punished *17-19 On the day of judgment there shall be no intercessor except by Allah's leave Hadith * Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Imam Ahmad recorded from Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn al-Khatta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maturidi
Maturidism () is a school of theology in Sunni Islam named after Abu Mansur al-Maturidi. It is one of the three creeds of Sunni Islam alongside Ash'arism and Atharism, and prevails in the Hanafi school of jurisprudence. Al-Maturidi codified and systematized the theological Islamic beliefs already present among the Ḥanafite Muslim theologians of Balkh and Transoxiana under one school of systematic theology ('' kalām''); Abu Hanifa emphasized the use of rationality and theological rationalism regarding the interpretation of the sacred scriptures of Islam. Maturidism was originally circumscribed to the region of Transoxiana in Central Asia but it became the predominant theological orientation amongst the Sunnī Muslims of Persia before the Safavid conversion to Shīʿīsm in the 16th century, and the (people of reason). It enjoyed a preeminent status in the Ottoman Empire and Mughal India. Outside the old Ottoman and Mughal empires, most Turkic tribes, Hui people, Cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
