''Morbillivirus'' is a genus of

virus A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living Cell (biology), cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are ...

es in the order '' Mononegavirales'', in the family ''

Paramyxoviridae ''Paramyxoviridae'' (from Ancient Greek, Greek ''para-'' “by the side of” and ''myxa'' “mucus”) is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order ''Mononegavirales''. Vertebrates serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this ...

''. Humans, dogs, cats, cattle, seals, and cetaceans serve as natural hosts. This genus contains 10 species, one of which is extinct. Diseases in humans associated with viruses classified in this genus include

measles Measles (probably from Middle Dutch or Middle High German ''masel(e)'', meaning "blemish, blood blister") is a highly contagious, Vaccine-preventable diseases, vaccine-preventable infectious disease caused by Measles morbillivirus, measles v ...

; in animals, they include acute febrile respiratory tract infection and Canine distemper. In 2013, a wave of increased death among the Common bottlenose dolphin population was attributed to morbillivirus.

Taxonomy

The genus contains the following species, listed by scientific name and followed by the exemplar virus of the species: * ''Morbillivirus canis'', Canine distemper virus * ''Morbillivirus caprinae'', Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus * ''Morbillivirus ceti'', Cetacean morbillivirus * ''Morbillivirus felis'', Feline morbillivirus * ''Morbillivirus hominis'', Measles virus * ''Morbillivirus myotis'', Myotis bat morbillivirus * †''Morbillivirus pecoris'',

Rinderpest virus Rinderpest (also cattle plague or steppe murrain) was an infectious viral disease of cattle, domestic water buffalo, and many other species of even-toed ungulates, including gaurs, buffaloes, large antelope, deer, giraffes, wildebeests, and ...

* ''Morbillivirus phocae'', Phocine distemper virus * ''Morbillivirus phyllostomi'', Phyllostomus bat morbillivirus * ''Morbillivirus suis'', Porcine morbillivirus

Structure

Morbillivirions are enveloped, with spherical geometries. Their diameter is around 150 nm. Genomes are linear, around 15–16 kb in length. The genome codes for eight proteins. Morbillivirus genomes

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by virus attaching to host cell. Replication follows the negative-stranded RNA virus replication model. Negative-stranded RNA virus transcription, using polymerase stuttering, through co-transcriptional RNA editing is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by budding. Humans, cattle, dogs, cats, and cetaceans serve as the natural hosts. Infection from this virus takes place in five stages: incubation, prodromal, mucosal, diarrheic, and convalescent. Transmission routes are respiratory. Morbillivirus are sensitive to high temperatures, sunlight, extreme pH levels, and any chemical that can destroy its outer envelope.

References

External links

ICTV Report: ''Paramyxoviridae''

Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Paramyxoviridae
{{Authority control Morbilliviruses Virus genera