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A monocline (or, rarely, a monoform) is a step-like fold in rock
Monoclines may be formed in several different ways (see diagram)
* By differential compaction over an underlying structure, particularly a large fault at the edge of a basin due to the greater compactibility of the basin fill, the amplitude of the fold will die out gradually upwards.
* By mild reactivation of an earlier extensional fault during a phase of inversion causing folding in the overlying sequence.
* As a form of fault propagation fold during upward propagation of an extensional fault in basement into an overlying cover sequence.
* As a form of fault propagation fold during upward propagation of a reverse fault in basement into an overlying cover sequence.
strata
In geology and related fields, a stratum (: strata) is a layer of Rock (geology), rock or sediment characterized by certain Lithology, lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by v ...
consisting of a zone of steeper dip within an otherwise horizontal or gently dipping sequence.
Formation
Monoclines may be formed in several different ways (see diagram)
* By differential compaction over an underlying structure, particularly a large fault at the edge of a basin due to the greater compactibility of the basin fill, the amplitude of the fold will die out gradually upwards.
* By mild reactivation of an earlier extensional fault during a phase of inversion causing folding in the overlying sequence.
* As a form of fault propagation fold during upward propagation of an extensional fault in basement into an overlying cover sequence.
* As a form of fault propagation fold during upward propagation of a reverse fault in basement into an overlying cover sequence.
Examples
* Waterpocket Fold inCapitol Reef National Park
Capitol Reef National Park is a List of national parks of the United States, national park of the United States in south-central Utah. The park is approximately long on its northsouth axis and just wide on average. The park was established in ...
, Utah
Utah is a landlocked state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is one of the Four Corners states, sharing a border with Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. It also borders Wyoming to the northea ...
* Comb Ridge in southern Utah
Utah is a landlocked state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is one of the Four Corners states, sharing a border with Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. It also borders Wyoming to the northea ...
* Grandview-Phantom Monocline in Grand Canyon
The Grand Canyon is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona, United States. The Grand Canyon is long, up to wide and attains a depth of over a mile ().
The canyon and adjacent rim are contained within Grand Canyon Nati ...
, Arizona
Arizona is a U.S. state, state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States, sharing the Four Corners region of the western United States with Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. It also borders Nevada to the nort ...
* Grand Hogback in Colorado
Colorado is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States. It is one of the Mountain states, sharing the Four Corners region with Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. It is also bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas ...
* Lebombo Mountains
The Lebombo Mountains, also called Lubombo Mountains, Rivombo Mountains (), are an , narrow range of mountains in Southern Africa. They stretch from Hluhluwe in KwaZulu-Natal in the south to Punda Maria in the Limpopo Province in South Africa ...
in Southern Africa
* Lapstone Monocline in the Blue Mountains (Australia)
* Beaumaris Monocline in Victoria (Australia)
Victoria, commonly abbreviated as Vic, is a States and territories of Australia, state in southeastern Australia. It is the second-smallest state (after Tasmania), with a land area of ; the second-most-populated state (after New South Wales), ...
* Purbeck Monocline on the Isle of Purbeck
The Isle of Purbeck is a peninsula in Dorset, England. It is bordered by water on three sides: the English Channel to the south and east, where steep cliffs fall to the sea; and by the marshy lands of the River Frome, Dorset, River Frome and Poo ...
, Dorset, England
* Fore-Sudetic Monocline, Poland
* Sindh Monocline, Pakistan
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...
* Torres Flexure, southern Brazil
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
See also
*Anticline
In structural geology, an anticline is a type of Fold (geology), fold that is an arch-like shape and has its oldest Bed (geology), beds at its core, whereas a syncline is the inverse of an anticline. A typical anticline is convex curve, c ...
* Homocline
* Syncline
References
{{Structural geology Structural geology Deformation (mechanics)