The following is a list of Mongol rulers. The list of states is chronological but follows the development of different dynasties.

Before Genghis Khan

Kaidu Kaidu (; Middle Mongol: , Modern Mongol: , ''Khaidu'' ; c. 1235 – 1301) was a grandson of the Mongol khagan Ögedei (1185–1241) and thus leader of the House of Ögedei and the '' de facto'' khan of the Chagatai Khanate, a division of t ...

(? – 1100) * Bashinkhor Dogshin (1100 – ?) * Tumbinai Khan (? – 1130) *

Khabul Khan Khabul Khan (; ), also rendered as Qabul Khan, Kabul Khan and Khabul Khagan, (b. 1090s/1100 – d. 1148 CE.) was the founder and first known Khan of the Khamag Mongol confederation, he was the great-grandfather of Genghis Khan the founding Khaga ...

(1131–1148) *

Ambaghai Ambaghai () or Hambaqai Khan (? – died 1156) was a Khan of the Khamag Mongol, succeeding his cousin Khabul Khan. He was one of the great-grandsons of Khaidu Khan and the cousin and predecessor of Hotula Khan. He was the Leader of the Taic ...

(1148 – 1156) *

Hotula Khan Hotula Khan or Qutula Khan ( Traditional Mongolian:; ;) ( 1111 – 1161) was a Khan of Khamag Mongol, a son of Khabul Khan, and thus a great-uncle of Genghis Khan, and the nephew of Khaduli Barlas who was the ancestor of the Barlas Mongol clan ...

(1156–1161) *

Yesugei Yesükhei () or Yesugei Baghatur ( Traditional Mongolian: ; Modern Mongolian: Есүхэй баатар, ''Yesukhei baatar'', ) (b. 1134 – d. 1171) was a major chief of the Khamag Mongol confederation and the father of Temüjin, who later be ...

(1160–1171)

Mongol Empire (1206–1368)

Great Khans and Yuan dynasty

Before

Kublai Khan Kublai Khan (23 September 1215 – 18 February 1294), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizu of Yuan and his regnal name Setsen Khan, was the founder and first emperor of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China. He proclaimed the ...

announced the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271,

Khagan Khagan or Qaghan (Middle Mongol:; or ''Khagan''; ) or zh, c=大汗, p=Dàhán; ''Khāqān'', alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kaghan, Khakan, Khakhan, Khaqan, Xagahn, Qaghan, Chagan, Қан, or Kha'an is a title of empire, im ...

s (Great Khans) of the

Mongol Empire The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires, largest contiguous empire in human history, history. Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Euro ...

(''Ikh Mongol Uls'') already started to use the Chinese title of

Emperor The word ''emperor'' (from , via ) can mean the male ruler of an empire. ''Empress'', the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), mother/grandmother (empress dowager/grand empress dowager), or a woman who rules ...

() practically in the

Chinese language Chinese ( or ) is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and List of ethnic groups in China, many minority ethnic groups in China, as well as by various communities of the Chinese diaspora. Approximately 1.39& ...

since

Genghis Khan Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khan (title), khan of the Mongol Empire. After spending most of his life uniting the Mongols, Mongol tribes, he launched Mongol invasions and ...

(as ). With the establishment of the

Yuan dynasty The Yuan dynasty ( ; zh, c=元朝, p=Yuáncháo), officially the Great Yuan (; Mongolian language, Mongolian: , , literally 'Great Yuan State'), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after Div ...

in 1271, the Kublaids became Yuan emperors, who took on a dual identity of Khagan for the Mongols and Huangdi for ethnic Han.

Golden Horde

Batu Khan Batu Khan (–1255) was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a constituent of the Mongol Empire established after Genghis Khan's demise. Batu was a son of Jochi, thus a grandson of Genghis Khan. His '' ulus'' ruled over the Kievan ...

(1227–1255) *

Sartaq Sartaq Khan' (or Sartak, Sartach, , ; died 1257) was the son of Batu Khan and his senior wife Boraqchin of Alchi Tatar.Rashid al-Din - Universal History, see: ''Tale of Jochids'' Boraqchin acted as regent Dowager before Sartaq eventually suc ...

(1255–56) *

Ulaghchi Ulaghchi (Ulaqchi or Ulavchii) Khan (, ) (died 1257) was the third khan of the Blue Horde and Golden Horde, ruling for less than a year in 1257. Life It is not clear whether Ulaghchi was a son or a younger brother of Sartaq Khan. Möngke Kha ...

(1257) *

Berke Berke Khan (died 1266/1267; also Birkai; Turki/ Kypchak: برکه خان, , ) was a grandson of Genghis Khan from his son Jochi and a Mongol military commander and ruler of the Golden Horde, a division of the Mongol Empire, who effectively c ...

(1257–1266) *

Mengu-Timur Mengu-Timur ( ) or Möngke Temür (; died 1280) was a son of Toqoqan Khan (himself the son of Batu) and Köchu Khatun of Oirat, the daughter of Toralchi Küregen and granddaughter of Qutuqa Beki. Mengu-Timur was a khan of the Golden Horde, ...

(1266–1282) * Tuda Mengu (1282–1287) *

Talabuga Talabuga Khan, also known as Tolibuqa (, ; died 1291), was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1287 to 1291. He ruled a large, independent empire and one of the four successor states of the continent-sized Mongol Empire. He was the son of Tartu, grea ...

(1287–1291) *

Toqta Tokhta (also spelled Toqta, Toktu, Tokhtai, Tochtu or Tokhtogha; died ) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1291 to 1312. He was a son of Mengu-Timur and a great-grandson of Batu Khan. His name "Tokhtokh" means "hold/holding" in the Mongolian ...

(1291–1312) *

Uzbeg Khan The Uzbeks () are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, being among the largest Turkic ethnic groups in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Kazakh and Karakalpak minorities, and also form minority ...

(1312–1341) * Tini Beg (1341–1342) *

Jani Beg Jani Beg ( Persian: جانی بیگ, Turki/ Kypchak: جانی بک; died 1357), also known as Janibek Khan, was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1342 until his death in 1357. He succeeded his father Öz Beg Khan. Reign With the support of his mo ...

(1342–1357) *

Berdi Beg Berdi Beg or Berdibek ( Turki/ Kypchak: بیردی بک; Persian: محمد بیردی بیگ; – 1359) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1357 to 1359, having succeeded his father Jani Beg. Berdi Beg was the last khan to rule before the beginni ...

(1357–1361) *

Qulpa Qulpa (''Kulpa'' and ''Askulpa'' in Russian chronicles; ''Colbadinus Cam'' in a contemporary Venetian document; died 1360) was Khan of the Golden Horde from August 1359 to February 1360. Reign He came to the throne four days after the murder of ...

(1359–1360) *

Nawruz Beg Nawruz Beg (Persian: محمد نوروز بیگ; Turki/ Kypchak: نوروز بک; died 1360) was Khan of the Golden Horde, a division of the Mongol Empire, in 1360. Biography Nawruz Beg succeeded to the throne after the murder of his predecesso ...

(1360–1361) *

Khidr Al-Khidr (, ; also Romanized as ''al-Khadir, Khader, Khidr, Hidr, Khizr, Kezr, Kathir, Khazer, Khadr, Khedher, Khizir, Khizar, Khilr'') is a folk figure of Islam. He is described in Surah Al-Kahf, as a righteous servant of God possessing great w ...

(1361–1362) *Timur Khwaja (1362) *Abdallah (1362–1370), actual ruler was

Mamai Mamai (Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet, Mongolian Cyrillic: Мамай, ; 1325?–1380/1381) was a powerful Turco-Mongol tradition, Turko-Mongol military commander in Beylerbey rank of the Golden Horde from Kiyat clan. Contrary to popular misconcep ...

*Murad (1362–1367), actual ruler was

*Aziz (1367–1369), actual ruler was

*Jani Beg II (1369–1370), actual ruler was

*Muhammad Bolak (1370–1379), actual ruler was

Tulun Beg Khanum Tulun Beg Khanum (تولون بک خانم; died 1386) was a princess of the Golden Horde at the time of the Great Troubles. Exceptionally for this political formation, she served as monarch and had her name inscribed on coins minted in 1370–137 ...

(1370–1373), actual ruler was

*Aig Beg (1373–1376), actual ruler was

*Arab Shaykh (1376–1379), actual ruler was

*Kagan Beg (1375–1376), actual ruler was

*Ilbani (1373–1376), actual ruler was

*Hajji Cherkes (1375–1376), actual ruler was

Urus Khan Urus Khan ( Kypchak: اوروس خان; also known as ''Muḥammad-Urūs'' Turki/ Persian: محمد اروس, ''Orys'', ''Arys'', ''Yrys'', ''Orys Khan''; ; died 1377) was the eighth Khan of the White Horde and a disputed Khan of the Blue Hord ...

(1376–1378), Urus was also Khan of the White Horde and uncle of Toqtamish, allowing the Hordes to unite. *Muhammad Bolaq (1375), actual ruler was

*Ghiyath-ud-din Khaqan Beg (1375–1377) * Toqtaqiya (1377) *Arab Shah Muzaffar (1377–1380), actual ruler was

* Timur-Malik (1377–1378) *Ghiyath-ud-din Khaqan Beg (1375–1377) *

Tokhtamysh Tokhtamysh ( Turki/ Kypchak and Persian: توقتمش; ; ; – 1406) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1380 to 1395. He briefly succeeded in consolidating the Blue and White Hordes into a single polity. Tokhtamysh belonged to the House of Bo ...

(1380–1395) *

Temür Qutlugh Temür Qutlugh or Tīmūr Qutluq ( Kypchak: تمور قوتلق; Turki and Persian: تیمور قتلغ; 1370 – 1399) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1397 to 1399. Ancestry According to the detailed genealogies of the ''Muʿizz al-ans� ...

(1396–1401), actual ruler was

Edigu Edigu (also Edigey, Eðivkäy or Edege Mangit; 1352–1419) was a Turko-Mongol emir of the White Horde who founded a new political entity, which came to be known as the Nogai Horde. Life Edigu was from the Crimean Manghit tribe, the son of ...

* Shadi Beg (1399–1407), actual ruler was

Pulad Pūlād (Persian language, Persian: پولاد; Turki/Cuman language, Kypchak: بولاد; ''Bulat Saltan'' in Russian chronicles) was Khan (title), Khan of the Golden Horde from 1407 to 1410, in the waning days of the khanate. He ruled as the pr ...

(1407–1410), actual ruler was

*Temür (1410–1412) *

Jalal ad-Din khan Jalal al-Din or Jalāl ad-Dīn ( Turki/ Kypchak and Persian: جلال الدین; Polish: ''Dżalal ad-Din''; 1380–1412) was Khan of the Golden Horde in 1411–1412. He was the son of Tokhtamysh, Khan of the Golden Horde until 1395, by Ṭa ...

(1411–1412) *Feicüs al-Doste (1413–1414) *Karimberdi *Kebeg * Jabbar Berdi (1417–1419) * Olugh Mokhammad (1419–1421, 1428–1433) * Dawlat Berdi (1419–1421, 1427–1432) * Baraq (1422–1427) * Seyid Akhmed (1433–1435) *

Küchük Muhammad Muḥammad bin Tīmūr (Chagatai language and Persian: محمد بن تیمور), better known by his alias Küchük Muḥammad ( Kypchak: کچک محمد, Turki: کچیک محمد, Persian: کوچک محمد); 28 June 1391 – 1459) was Khan of ...

(1435–1459) *

Mahmud Mahmud is a transliteration of the male Arabic given name (), common in most parts of the Islamic world. It comes from the Arabic triconsonantal root Ḥ-M-D, meaning ''praise'', along with ''Muhammad''. Given name Mahmood * Mahmood Ali (1928 ...

(1459–1465) *

Ahmed Ahmad () is an Arabic male given name common in most parts of the Muslim world. Other English spellings of the name include Ahmed. It is also used as a surname. Etymology The word derives from the root ( ḥ-m-d), from the Arabic (), from ...

(1465–1481) *Shayk Ahmad (1481–1498, 1499–1502) * Murtada (1498–1499)

Left wing (White Horde)

* Orda (1226–1251) *

Qun Quran Qun-Quran or Qun-Qiran (r. 1251 – c. 1280) was the khan of the White Horde, left wing of the Golden Horde. According to Jami al-Tawarikh ("Compendium of Chronicles") by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani, Qun-Quran was the fourth son of Orda, ...

(1251–c.1280) *

Köchü Khüchü (or Köchü, Konchi, Konichi) was Khan of the White Horde from to 1302. He was the eldest son of Sartaqtai and Qujiyan of the Qongirat and a grandson of Orda Khan. Marco Polo says Köchü had a vast number of people, but he carried ...

(c.1280–1302) * Buyan (Bayan) (1302–1309) *

Sasibuqa Sasibuqa (; ) was Khan of the White Horde. He may have been one of Bayan's four sons. The rulers of the White Horde or the Left wing of the Golden Horde issued decrees with the name of Khan in Sarai, though, they were reigning largely indepe ...

(1309–1315) *

Ilbasan Ilbasan or Erzen ( Turki/ Kypchak: ایرزن) was the ruler of White Horde from 1320/21 to 1344/45. During his reign, an increase in the cities, trade, and craft occurred in the Horde. After determining the boundaries of his Horde, Ilbasan app ...

(1315–1320) * Mubarak Khwaja (1320–1344) *

Chimtay Chimtay (Turki/ Kypchak: چیمتای) was Khan of the White Horde from 1344 to 1360. When his son or relative, Urus (future khan), urged him to take throne of the Golden Horde, utilizing the great troubles. He refused but sent his brother Or ...

(1344–1374) * Urus (1374–1376) * Toqtaqiya (1376) * Timur-Malik (1377) *

(1377–1378) *Koiruchik (1378–1399) * Baraq (1423–1428) *Muhammed (1428–1431) *Mustafa (1431–1446) Ögedei Khanate Kaydu Ulus * Kaydu * Chapar * Ali Sultan * Danişmendji *

Soyurgatmish Soyurghatmïsh Khan (died 1388) was the khan of the Western Chagatai Khanate (1370–1388). He was the son of Danishmendji, of the House of Ögedei. When Timur gained control of the territory of the Western Chagatai Khanate in the 1370s, he did ...

* Sultan Mahmud Khan Yenisei Kingdom * Melig * Ayachi * Abdullah * Tuman * Taywan * Timürci * Arg Temur * Hutulugtumor

Right wing (Blue Horde)

Actual rulers of the Golden Horde (Jochid Ulus, Kipchak Khanate) were members of the House of Batu until 1361.

Great Horde (1466–1502)

Ilkhanate

* Hülëgü (1256–1265) *

Abaqa Abaqa Khan (27 February 1234 – 4 April 1282, , "paternal uncle", also transliterated Abaġa), was the second Mongol ruler ('' Ilkhan'') of the Ilkhanate. The son of Hulagu Khan and Lady Yesünčin and the grandson of Tolui, he reigned from 1265 ...

(1265–1282) *

Tekuder Ahmed Tekuder (; ; 10 August 1284), also known as Sultan Ahmad, was the sultan of the Ilkhanate from 1282 to 1284. He was a son of Hulegu and brother of Abaqa. He was eventually succeeded by his nephew Arghun Khan. Early life Tekuder was bor ...

(1282–1284) *

Arghun Arghun Khan ( Mongolian Cyrillic: Аргун; Traditional Mongolian: ; c. 1258 – 10 March 1291) was the fourth ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate division, from 1284 to 1291. He was the son of Abaqa Khan, and like his father, was a de ...

(1284–1291) *

Gaykhatu Gaykhatu (Mongolian script:; ) was the fifth Ilkhanate ruler in Iran. He reigned from 1291 to 1295. His Buddhist baghshi gave him the Tibetan name Rinchindorj () which appeared on his paper money. Early life He was born to Abaqa and Nukdan K ...

(1291–1295) *

Baydu Baydu (Mongolian script:; ) (died 1295) was the sixth ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate division in Iran. He was the son of Taraqai, who was in turn the fifth son of Hulagu Khan.Stevens, John. ''The history of Persia. Containing, the lives and ...

(1295) *

Ghazan Mahmud Ghazan (5 November 1271 – 11 May 1304) (, Ghazan Khan, sometimes westernized as Casanus was the seventh ruler of the Mongol Empire's Ilkhanate division in modern-day Iran from 1295 to 1304. He was the son of Arghun, grandson of Abaqa K ...

(1295–1304) *

Öljaitü Öljaitü, also known as Mohammad-e Khodabandeh (24 March 1282 – 16 December 1316), was the eighth Ilkhanid dynasty ruler from 1304 to 1316 in Tabriz, Iran. His name 'Öjaitü' means 'blessed' in the Mongolian language and his last name 'Khod ...

(1304–1316) * Abu Sa'id (1316–1335) * Arpa Ke'ün (1335–1336) After the murder of Arpa, the regional states established during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate raised their own candidates as claimants. *

Musa Musa may refer to: Places *Mūša, a river in Lithuania and Latvia * Musa, Azerbaijan, a village in Yardymli Rayon * Musa, Iran, a village in Ilam province, Iran * Musa, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran * Musa Kalayeh, Gilan province, Iran * Abu M ...

(1336–1337) (puppet of 'Ali Padshah of Baghdad) *

Muhammad Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muhammad in Islam, According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of A ...

(1336–1338) (

Jalayirid The Jalayirid Sultanate () was a dynasty of Mongol Jalayir origin, which ruled over modern-day Iraq and western Iran after the breakup of the Ilkhanate in the 1330s.Bayne Fisher, William. ''The Cambridge History of Iran'', p. 3: "From then until ...

puppet) *

Sati Beg Sati Beg ( 1316–1345) was an Ilkhanid princess, the sister of Il-Khan Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan, Abu Sa'id (r. 1316–1333). She was the consort of ''amir'' Chupan (1319–1327), Il-Khan Arpa Ke'un, Arpa (r. 1335–36), and Il-Khan Suleima ...

(1338–1339) ( Chobanid puppet) *

Sulayman Sulayman (Arabic: سُلِيمَان ''sulaymān'') is an Arabic name of the Biblical king and Islamic prophet Solomon meaning 'man of peace', derived from the Hebrew name Shlomo. The name Sulayman is a diminutive of the name Salman (سَلْما ...

(1339–1343) (Chobanid puppet, recognized by the

Sarbadars The Sarbadars (from ''sarbadār'', "head on gallows"; also known as Sarbedaran ) were a mixture of religious dervishes and secular rulers that came to rule over part of western Greater Khorasan, Khurasan in the midst of the disintegration of ...

1341–1343) *

Jahan Temür Jahan Temür was a Jalayirid puppet for the throne of the Ilkhanate in the late 1330s. Life He was son of Alafrang and the grandson of Gaykhatu and Jalayirid Dondi Khatun. His family had fallen out favor after Ghazan's ascension to the throne. Hi ...

(1339–1340) (Jalayirid puppet) *

Anushirwan Anushirwan Khan (, ''Anūshīrvān Khān'') occupied the Ilkhanid throne in Arran from 1344 until his death in 1357. He was a puppet of the Chobanid ruler Malek Ashraf and possessed no power of his own. He is notable for being the last of the ...

(1343–1356) (non-dynastic Chobanid puppet) * Ghazan II (1356–1357) (known only from coinage) ''Claimants from eastern Persia (Khurasan):'' *

Togha Temür Togha Temür (died December 1353), also known as Ṭaghāytīmūr, was a claimant to the throne of the Ilkhanate in the mid-14th century. Of the many individuals who attempted to become Ilkhan after the death of Abu Sa'id, Togha Temür was the on ...

(c. 1338–1353) (recognized by the

Kartids The Kart dynasty, also known as the Kartids (), was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Tajik origin, closely related to the Ghurids, that ruled over a large part of Khorasan during the 13th and 14th centuries. Ruling from their capital at Herat and cent ...

1338–1349; by the Jalayirids 1338–1339, 1340–1344; by the Sarbadars 1338–1341, 1344, 1353) * Luqman (1353–1388) (son of Togha Temür)

Chobanids (1335–1357)

Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432)

Injuids (1335–1357)

Arghun dynasty (1479?–1599?)

Chagatai Khanate

Chagatai Khan Chagatai Khan (; – 1242) was a son of Genghis Khan and a prominent figure in the early Mongol Empire. The second son of Genghis's wife Börte, Chagatai was renowned for his masterful knowledge of Mongol custom and law, which he scrupulously ...

1226–1242 *

Qara Hülëgü Qara may refer to: Places *Al Qara, a governorate in Al Bahah Region, Saudi Arabia * Qara, Syria, a Syrian city *Qara Oasis, Egypt Persons * Qara Iskander, ruled the Kara Koyunlu or Black Sheep Turcoman tribe from 1420 to 1436 * Qara Mahammad T� ...

1242–1246 d. 1252 *

Yesü Möngke Yesü Möngke (, died 1252) was head of the ''ulus'' of the Chagatai Khanate (1246 or 1247-1252). Biography He was the fifth son of Chagatai Khan and Yesülün Khatun. In or around 1246, he was appointed as khan of the Chagatai Khanate by his ...

1246–1252 *Qara Hülëgü (restored) 1252 * Mubarak Shah 1252–1260 **

Orghana Orghana (Orakina or Ergene Khatun) was an Oirat princess of the Mongol Empire and Empress of the Chagatai Khanate. She was a daughter of Torolchi, chief of the Oirats and Checheyikhen, daughter of Genghis Khan. She served as regent in the name o ...

Khatun (fem.), regent 1252–1260 *

Alghu Alghu (died 1265 or 1266) was the khan of the Chagatai Khanate (1260–1265/6). He was the son of Baidar and the grandson of Chagatai Khan. Biography In 1260 Alghu was appointed as head of the ''ulus'' of the Chagatai Khanate by the Great Khan ...

1260–1266 *Mubarak Shah (restored) 1266 * Baraq 1266–1270 * Negübei 1270–c. 1272 *

Buqa Temür Buqa Temür ( Chagatai and Persian: بوقا تیمور; Cyrillic Mongolian: , not to be confused with Tuka Timur, son of Djötchi, brother of Berke) was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate (1272?-1282). He was the son of Qadaqchi. Sometime around 12 ...

c. 1272–1287 *

Duwa Duwa (; died 1307), also known as Du'a, was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate (1282–1307). He was the second son of Baraq. He was the longest reigning monarch of the Chagatayid Khanate and accepted the nominal supremacy of the Yuan dynasty as ...

1287–1307 *

Könchek Könchek (died 1308) was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate (1307–1308). He was the son of Duwa Duwa (; died 1307), also known as Du'a, was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate (1282–1307). He was the second son of Baraq. He was the longest reign ...

1306–1308 *

Taliqu Taliqu (also known as Naliqo'a) was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1308 to 1309. He was the son of Qadaqchi and a princess of Kerman, and a grandson of Büri. Following the death of Könchek, Taliqu seized power and became Khan. As a Muslim, h ...

1308–1309 *

Kebek Kebek (died 1325/1326) was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1309 until 1310, and again from c. 1318 until his death. Early life Kebek was the son of Duwa, who was the Khan from 1282 until 1307. Duwa sent several expeditions to the Delhi S ...

1309 d. 1325 *

Esen Buqa I Esen Buqa I was Khan (title), Khan of the Chagatai Khanate (1310 – c. 1318). He was the son of Duwa. In 1309 Esen Buqa's brother Kebek ordered a meeting (''quriltai'') to determine the future of the khanate following his seizure of power. The ...

1309–c. 1318 *Kebek (restored) c. 1318–1325 *

Eljigidey Eljigidey was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate, a division of the Mongol Empire The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires, largest contiguous empire in human history, history. Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mo ...

1325–1329 *

Duwa Temür Duwa Temür (Дуватөмөр) or Tore Temur (Төртөмөр) was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate for a period in 1329/1330. He was the son of Duwa. He surrendered to the forces of the Yuan dynasty in 1313 when Esen Buqa I revolted against Yu ...

1329–1330 * Aladdin Tarmashirin 1331–1334 * Buzan 1334–1335 *

Changshi Changshi (; r. 1335–1337The Cambridge History of Iran By William Bayne Fisher, John Andrew Boyle, Ilya Gershevitch. Vol. V, p.421) was one of the last effective khans of the Chagatai Khanate. His father was prince Ebugen who was the son of Duwa, ...

1335–1338 * Yesun Temur c. 1338–c. 1342 with... *

'Ali-Sultan Ali Khalil ( Chagatai and Persian: علی خلیل), also known as Ali-Sultan ( Chagatai and Persian: علی سلطان), was the khan (r.1339-1342) of the Chagatai Khanate. He was a descendant of Qadan, son of the second Great Khan Ögedei. ...

1342 * Muhammad I ibn Pulad 1342–1343 *

Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur Qazan (died 1346) was khan of the Chagatai Khanate from until his death. Biography Qazan was the son of Yasa'ur, a Chagatayid prince who had revolted in the 1310s. Upon his accession to the throne, he attempted to increase his power within th ...

1343–1346 *

Danishmendji Dānishmandchī ( Chagatai and Persian: دانشمندچی; died 1348) was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1346 to 1348. He was the second Khan of the Western Chagatai ''ulus'' to be descended from Ögedei, the third son of Genghis Khan. In ...

1346–1348 The Chagatai Khanate was split into two parts, the Western Chagatai Khanate and the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan).

Western Chagatai Khanate

* Bayan Qulï 1348–1358 * Shah Temür 1358 *

Tughlugh Timur Tughlugh Timur Khan ( Chagatai and Persian: تغلق تیمور خان; also Tughluq Tömür or Tughluk Timur; 1312/13–1363) was the Khan of Moghulistan from and Khan of the whole Chagatai Khanate from c. 1360 until his death. Esen Buqa (a d ...

(in Mogulistan 1348–1363) 1358–1363 * Ilyas Khodja (in Mogulistan 1363–1368) 1363 d. 1368 * Adil-Sultan 1363 *

Khabul Shah Khabul Shah (died c. 1366) was the khan of the Chagatai Khanate The Chagatai Khanate, also known as the Chagatai Ulus, was a Mongol and later Turkification, Turkicized khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan, second son of Geng ...

1364–1370 ''From 1370 on, the Western Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur.'' *

Suurgatmish Soyurghatmïsh Khan (died 1388) was the khan of the Western Chagatai Khanate (1370–1388). He was the son of Danishmendji, of the House of Ögedei. When Timur gained control of the territory of the Western Chagatai Khanate in the 1370s, he d ...

1370–1388 * Sultan Mahmud (Mohammed II) 1388–1403

Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan)

Moghulistan was split into the

Turpan Khanate The Turpan Khanate (), also known as the Eastern Moghulistan, Kingdom of Uyghurstan or Turfan Khanate, was a Sunni Muslim Turco-Mongol khanate ruled by the descendants of Chagatai Khan. It was founded by Ahmad Alaq in 1487 based in Turpan as the e ...

and

Yarkent Khanate The Yarkent Khanate, also known as the Yarkand Khanate and the Kashghar Khanate, was a Sunni Muslim Turkic peoples, Turkic state ruled by the Mongols, Mongol descendants of Chagatai Khan. It was founded by Sultan Said Khan in 1514 as a western of ...

in the late 15th century. .

=Turpan Khanate

=Yarkent Khanate

Kara Del (1383–1513)

Northern Yuan dynasty (1368–1635)

Khagans of the Mongols or

Northern Yuan dynasty The Northern Yuan was a dynastic state ruled by the Mongol Borjigin clan based in the Mongolian Plateau. It existed as a rump state after the collapse of the Yuan dynasty in 1368 and lasted until its conquest by the Jurchen people, Jurchen-led ...

(rump state of

until 1388): *

Toghon Temür Toghon Temür (; Mongolian script: ; ; 25 May 1320 – 23 May 1370), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Huizong of Yuan (; ), bestowed by the Northern Yuan, Northern Yuan dynasty, and by his posthumous name as t ...

(1368–1370) *

Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara Biligtü Khan (; ; ), born Ayushiridara (; ; ; means preservative of life), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Zhaozong of Northern Yuan (; 23 January 1340 – April or May 1378), was an emperor of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning ...

(1370–1378) *

Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür Uskhal Khan ( Mongolian: Усхал; Mongolian script: ; ), also called the Last Lord of Northern Yuan () or by his era name the Tianyuan Emperor (), born Tögüs Temür (; 7 March 1342 – 18 November 1388), was an emperor of the Northern Yuan ...

(1378–1388) *

Jorightu Khan Yesüder Jorightu Khan ( , ; 1358–1391) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1388 to 1391. The identity of Jorightu is disputed: some scholars believe that Jorightu was the same individual as Yesüder (), a descendant of Ariq Böke, a ...

(1388–1391) – descendant of

Ariq Böke Ariq Böke (after 1219–1266), the components of his name also spelled Arigh, Arik and Bukha, Buka (, ; ), was the seventh and youngest son of Tolui and a grandson of Genghis Khan. After the death of his brother the Great Khan Möngke, Ariq Bök ...

* Engke Khan (1391–1394) – descendant of Ariq Böke *

Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan Nigülesügchi Khan (; ), born Elbeg (; ), (1362–1399) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1394 to 1399. '' Erdeniin Tobchi'' claimed that Elbeg was the younger brother of the Jorightu Khan, while other historians testify ...

(1394–1399) *

Gün Temür Khan Gün Temür (; Mongolian script: ; ), regnal name Toqoqan Khan (; ), (1377–1402) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1399 to 1402. '' Erdeniin Tobchi'' claimed that Gün Temür was the eldest son of Elbeg Nigülesügchi Kha ...

(1399–1402) – descendant of Ariq Böke *

Örüg Temür Khan Örüg Temür Khan ( ; ), possibly Guilichi (; Mongolian: ''γuyilinči'', Guilichi only called by the Ming Dynasty in this period), (?–1408) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1402 to 1408. Örüg Temür () in historical ...

(nickname Guilichi) (1402–1408) – descendant of Ögedei *

Öljei Temür Khan Öljei Temür Khan ( ; ), born Bunyashiri (, ), (1379–1412) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1408 to 1412. He was a son of Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan and successor of Gün Temür Khan. He was one of the Borjigin prin ...

(Bunyashiri) (1408–1412) *

Delbeg Khan Delbeg (Mongolian script: ; ), (1395–1415) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1412 to 1415. Delbeg was installed by the Oirats in 1411 as a puppet ruler, but this was not recognized by most of Mongol clans in the central an ...

(Dalbag) (1412–1415) – descendant of Ariq Böke * Oyiradai (1415–1425) – descendant of Ariq Böke *

Adai Khan Adai (Mongolian script: ; ), (1390–1438) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1425 to 1438. After the prominent eastern Mongol chancellor Arughtai gave his allegiance to him, Adai briefly reunited most of the Mongol tribes ...

(1425–1438) – descendant of Ögedei *

Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha Taisun Khan (Mongolian script: ; ), born Toghtoa Bukha (), (1416–1452) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1433 to 1452. Under his nominal rule, the Oirats successfully reunited the Mongol tribes and threatened the Ming dyn ...

(1433–1452) *

Agbarjin Agbarjin (also spelled Agvarjin and Akbarjin; ; ), (1423–1454) was a claimant to the throne of the Northern Yuan dynasty in 1453. He was the youngest brother of Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha and Manduul Khan. Tayisung Khan appointed Agbarjin ji ...

(1453) *

Esen taishi Esen (; Mongol script: ; ) (1407–1454), was a powerful Oirat taishi and the ''de facto'' ruler of the Northern Yuan dynasty between 12 September 1453 and 1454. He is best known for capturing the Emperor Yingzong of Ming in 1449 in the Batt ...

– the leader of the

Oirats Oirats (; ) or Oirds ( ; ), formerly known as Eluts and Eleuths ( or ; zh, 厄魯特, ''Èlǔtè'') are the westernmost group of Mongols, whose ancestral home is in the Altai Mountains, Altai region of Siberia, Xinjiang and western Mongolia. ...

(1453–1454) – non-Chingisid * Markörgis Khan (Ükegtü) (1454–1465) *

Molon Khan Molon Khan (; ), born Tögüs Mengke (), (1437–1466) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty The Northern Yuan was a dynastic state ruled by the Mongol Borjigin clan based in the Mongolian Plateau. It existed as a rump state after the col ...

(1465–1466) *

Manduul Khan Manduul (also spelled Manduuluu, Manduyul or Manduyulun; ; ), (1438–1479) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1475 to 1479. He was the younger half-brother of Taisun Khan. Early life After the death of his nephew Molon ...

(1475–1478) *

Dayan Khan Dayan Khan (; ), born Batumöngke ( , ; ''Bātúméngkè''; 1472–1517) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1480 to 1517. During his rule, he reunited the Mongols under Chinggisid supremacy. His reigning title, "Dayan" ...

(Batu Möngke) (1478–1516) *

Bars Bolud Jinong Bars Bolud (; ), (1490–1531) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1517 to 1519. He later became jinong from 1519 to 1531. His name, Bars Bolud, means "Steel Tiger". Reign Barsbolad Jinong was the third son of Dayan Khan, ...

(deputy) *

Bodi Alagh Khan Alagh Khan (; ), born Bodi (; ), (1504–1547) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1519 to 1547. Some sources indicate that Bodi Alagh Khan was Turbolad's eldest children, but others record him as Ulusbold's son. And he was ...

(1516–1547) *

Daraisung Guden Khan Guden Khan (; ), who was born Daraisung (or Darayisung; ; ), (c. 1520–1557) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1547 to 1557. He was the eldest son of Bodi Alagh Khan, whom he succeeded as khagan. During his rule, Altan Kha ...

(1547–1557) *

Tümen Jasagtu Khan Tumen may refer to one of the following. Places *Tumen River, a river in China, North Korea, and Russia *Tumen, Jilin, a city in China *Tumen, Madhya Pradesh, a village in India People *''Tumen'', Bumin Khan, Turkic Khagan * Tümen Jasagtu Kh ...

(1557–1592) * Buyan Sechen Khan (1592–1604) *

Ligdan Khan Khutugtu Khan (; ), born Ligdan (; ), (1588–1634) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1604 to 1634. During his reign, he vigorously attempted to reunify the divided Mongol Empire, achieving moderate levels of success. Howev ...

(1604–1634) *

Ejei Khan Erke Khongghor (; ), alternatively known as Ejei (; ; "Ejei" means "lord" in the Mongolian language), (?–1641) was the last khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, ruling briefly from 1634 to 1635. He was the son of Ligdan Khan. The Northern Yuan ...

(1634–1635)

Genghisid Khalkha Khans (1600s–1691)

Independent Khalkha Mongol Khans (before Outer Mongolia merged into the Manchu Qing dynasty):

Tüsheet Khans

Abtai Sain Khan Abtai Sain Khan ( Mongolian: ; 1554–1588) – alternately Abatai or Avtai (Mongolian: , meaning who have the gift of witchcraft (Автай) and good (сайн) – was a Khalkha-Mongolian prince who was named by the 3rd Dalai Lama as first khan ...

(1567–1588) *Eriyekhei Mergen Khan (1589–?) *Gombodorji Khan (d. 1655) *Chakhun Dorji Khan (1654–1698)

Jasagtu Khans

*Laikhur Khan *Subandai Khan *Norbu Bisireltü Khan (d. 1661) *Chambun Khan (1670?–) *Zenggün *Shara (d. 1687)

Sechen Khans

*Sholoi (1627–1652), son of Morbuim, succeeded his brother Khar Zagal in 1627. First with the title of Setsen Khan. *Babu (1652–1683), fifth son of Sholoi. *Norov (1683–1688), third son of Babu. * Navaanneren (1910–1922), eldest son of Tserendondov, who was the son of Orjinjav the son of Artased.

Altan Khan of the Khalkha

Ubasi Khong Tayiji Ubasi Khong Tayiji () was a 17th-century Mongol prince. He was the first Altan Khan of the Khalkha who ruled Khotgoids in northwestern Khalkha. He was defeated by the Oirats Oirats (; ) or Oirds ( ; ), formerly known as Eluts and Eleuths ( or ...

(Shului Ubasha Khong Tayiji) (?–1623) * Badma Erdeni Khong Tayiji (1623–?) *

Erinchin Lobsang Tayiji Erinchin Lobsang Tayiji () was a prince of the Khalkha The Khalkha (; ) have been the largest subgroup of the Mongols in modern Mongolia since the 15th century. The Khalkha, together with Chahars, Ordos Mongols, Ordos and Tumed, were directl ...

(or Lobdzang or Rinchen Sayin Khong Tayiji) (1658–1691)

Oirats

Four Oirat (1399–1634)

*Khuuhai Dayuu (c. 1399) *Ugetchi Khashikha (Mongolian: Ögöchi Khashikha; Mönkhtömör) *Batula Chinsan (Bahamu, Mahamud) (1399–1408) *Togoon Tayisi (Toghan) (1408–1438) *

Esen Esen may refer to: Given name * Esen Buqa I (1310 - c. 1318), Khan of the Chagatai Khanate * Esen Buqa II (1429–1462), Khan of Moghulistan * Esen Taishi, 15th-century Oirat leader of Northern Yuan dynasty Surname * Aydin Esen (born 1962), Tur ...

(1438–1454) *Amasanj (1454–1455) *Ush-Temür (Ish-Temür) (1455–1469) *Khishig Urlugh *Arkhan Chingsang

Dzungar Khanate

* Khara Khula (d. 1634) * Baatur Khung-Taiji (1634–1653) *

Sengge Sengge (, ; died 1671) was a Choros- Oirat prince and the chosen successor of his father Erdeni Batur to rule over the Dzungar. Sengge ruled over a section of the Dzungar from 1653 until his murder in 1671 by his two older half-brothers Tset ...

(1653–1670) *

Galdan Boshugtu Khan Galdan Boshugtu Khan (1644 – 3 May 1697) was a Choros- Oirat khan of the Dzungar Khanate. As fourth son of Erdeni Batur, founder of the Dzungar Khanate, Galdan was a descendant of Esen Taishi, the powerful Oirat Khan of the Northern Yuan dyn ...

(1670–1697) * Tsewang Arabtan (1694–1727) * Galdan Tseren Khan (1727–1745) *Tsewang-Dorji-Namjil (1746–1749) *Lamdarja (1749–1752) *Dawachi (1752–1755)

Khans of Khoshut Khanate

Güshi Khan Güshi Khan (1582 – 14 January 1655) was a Khoshut prince and founder of the Khoshut Khanate, who supplanted the Tumed descendants of Altan Khan as the main benefactor of the Dalai Lama and the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism. In 1637, Güsh ...

Toro-Baikhu (1642–1655) * Dayan Ochir Khan (1655–1669) *Gonchug Dalai Khan (1669–1698) * Lhazang Chingis Khan (1698–1717)

Khotgoid Khanate (late 16th century – late 17th century)

Torghud khans of the Kalmyk Khanate

Kho Orluk Kho Orluk (; 1580-1644) was an Oirat prince and Taish of the Torghut- Oirat tribe. Around 1616, Kho Orluk persuaded the other Torghut princes and lesser nobility to move their tribe en masse westward through southern Siberia and southward along ...

(d. 1644) *Shukhur Daichin (1644–1661) *Puntsuk (1661–1669) *

Ayuka Khan Ayuka or Ayuki Khan (; 1669–1724) was a Kalmyk leader under whose rule the Kalmyk Khanate reached its zenith in terms of economic, military, and politic power. On behalf of Russia, Ayuka Khan protected the southern borders of Russia, engaging ...

(1669–1724) *Tseren Donduk Khan (1724–1735) *Donduk Ombo Khan (1735–1741) *Donduk Dashi Khan (1741–1761) *

Ubashi Khan Ubashi Khan (; ; 1744 – 1774) was a Torghut- Kalmyk prince and the last Khan of the Kalmyk Khanate. In January 1771, he led the return migration of the majority of the Kalmyk people from the Kalmyk steppe to Dzungaria, their ancestral hom ...

(1762–1771)

Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1924)

References

Citations

Sources

* Dughlát Muhammad Haidar, Norbert Elias, Edward Denison Ross – The Tarikh-i-rashidi * Henry Hoyle Howorth-History of the Mongols * Herbert Franke, Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank -The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368 * William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, J. A. Boyle – The Cambridge history of Iran, 5 * Konstantin Nikolaevich Maksimov – Kalmykia in Russia's past and present national policies and administrative system * {{Mongol ethnic groups * * * History of the Mongol Empire Lists of khans

Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po ...

Rulers A ruler, sometimes called a rule, scale, line gauge, or metre/meter stick, is an instrument used to make length measurements, whereby a length is read from a series of markings called "rules" along an edge of the device. Usually, the inst ...