Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

was ruled at various times either by

duke Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of Royal family, royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and above sovereign princes. As royalty or nobi ...

s and

prince A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The ...

s (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of

free election An election is a formal group decision-making process whereby a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has operated s ...

of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16th to 18th centuries). The first Polish ruler whose existence is not debatable was Duke Mieszko I, who

adopted Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents. Legal adoptions permanently transfer all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from ...

Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion, which states that Jesus in Christianity, Jesus is the Son of God (Christianity), Son of God and Resurrection of Jesus, rose from the dead after his Crucifixion of Jesus, crucifixion, whose ...

under the authority of Rome in the year 966. He was succeeded by his son,

Bolesław I the Brave Bolesław I the Brave (17 June 1025), less often List of people known as the Great, known as Bolesław the Great, was Duke of Poland from 992 to 1025 and the first King of Poland in 1025. He was also Duke of Bohemia between 1003 and 1004 as Boles ...

, who greatly expanded the boundaries of the Polish state and ruled as the first king in 1025. The following centuries gave rise to the mighty

Piast dynasty The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented List of Polish monarchs, Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I of Poland, Mieszko I (–992). The Poland during the Piast dynasty, Piasts' royal rule in Pol ...

, consisting of both kings such as

Mieszko II Lambert Mieszko II Lambert (; c. 990 – 10/11 May 1034) was List of Polish monarchs, King of Kingdom of Poland (1025–1031), Poland from 1025 to 1031 and Duchy of Poland (c. 960–1025), Duke from 1032 until his death. He was the second son of Boles� ...

Przemysł II Przemysł II ( also given in English and Latin language, Latin as ''Premyslas'' or ''Premislaus'' or in Polish as '; 14 October 1257 – 8 February 1296) was the Duke of Poznań from 1257–1279, of Greater Poland from 1279 to 1296, of Kraków fr ...

Władysław I the Elbow-high Władysław is a Polish given male name, cognate with Vladislav. The feminine form is Władysława, archaic forms are Włodzisław (male) and Włodzisława (female), and Wladislaw is a variation. These names may refer to: People Mononym * Włodzis ...

and dukes like

Bolesław III Wrymouth Bolesław III Wrymouth (; 20 August 1086 – 28 October 1138), also known as Boleslaus the Wry-mouthed, was the duke of Lesser Poland, Silesia and Sandomierz between 1102 and 1107 and over the whole of Poland between 1107 and 1138. He was the onl ...

. The dynasty's rule over Poland ceased with the death of

Casimir III the Great Casimir III the Great (; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370. He also later became King of Ruthenia in 1340, retaining the title throughout the Galicia–Volhynia Wars. He was the last Polish king fr ...

in 1370. In the same year, the

Capetian House of Anjou The Capetian House of Anjou, or House of Anjou-Sicily, or House of Anjou-Naples was a royal house and cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. It is one of three separate royal houses referred to as ''Angevin'', meaning "from Anjou" in France. Foun ...

became the ruling house with

Louis I Louis I may refer to: Cardinals * Louis I, Cardinal of Guise (1527–1578) Counts * Ludwig I, Count of Württemberg (c. 1098–1158) * Louis I of Blois (1172–1205) * Louis I of Flanders (1304–1346) * Louis I of Châtillon (died 13 ...

as king of both Poland and

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

. His daughter, Jadwiga, later married Jogaila, the pagan

Grand Duke of Lithuania This is a list of Lithuanian monarchs who ruled Lithuania from its inception until the fall of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1795. The Lithuanian monarch bore the title of Grand duke, Grand Duke, with the exception of Mindaugas, who was crown ...

, who in 1386 was baptized and crowned as

Władysław II Jagiełło Jogaila (; 1 June 1434), later Władysław II Jagiełło (),Other names include (; ) (see also Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło) was Grand Duke of Lithuania beginning in 1377 and starting in 1386, becoming King of Poland as well. ...

, thus creating the

Jagiellonian dynasty The Jagiellonian ( ) or Jagellonian dynasty ( ; ; ), otherwise the Jagiellon dynasty (), the House of Jagiellon (), or simply the Jagiellons (; ; ), was the name assumed by a cadet branch of the Lithuanian ducal dynasty of Gediminids upon recep ...

and a personal union between Poland and

Lithuania Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, P ...

. During the reign of

Casimir IV Jagiellon Casimir IV (Casimir Andrew Jagiellon; ; Lithuanian: ; 30 November 1427 – 7 June 1492) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440 and King of Poland from 1447 until his death in 1492. He was one of the most active Polish-Lithuanian rulers; under ...

and

Sigismund I the Old Sigismund I the Old (, ; 1 January 1467 – 1 April 1548) was List of Polish monarchs, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1506 until his death in 1548. Sigismund I was a member of the Jagiellonian dynasty, the son of Casimir IV of P ...

, culture flourished and cities developed. This era of progress, also known as the Polish Renaissance, continued until the

Union of Lublin The Union of Lublin (; ) was signed on 1 July 1569 in Lublin, Poland, and created a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest countries in Europe at the time. It replaced the personal union of the Crown of the Kingd ...

under

Sigismund II Augustus Sigismund II Augustus (, ; 1 August 1520 – 7 July 1572) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, the son of Sigismund I the Old, whom Sigismund II succeeded in 1548. He was the first ruler of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and t ...

, which unofficially marked the end of the

Polish Golden Age The Polish Golden Age (Polish language, Polish: ''Złoty Wiek Polski'' ) was the Renaissance in Poland, Renaissance period in the Kingdom of Poland and subsequently in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which started in the late 15th century. H ...

. After the death of the last Jagiellonian king, the united

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic (), was a federation, federative real union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ...

became an

elective monarchy An elective monarchy is a monarchy ruled by a monarch who is elected, in contrast to a hereditary monarchy in which the office is automatically passed down as a family inheritance. The manner of election, the nature of candidate qualifications, ...

with mostly foreigners elected as monarchs such as

Henry III of France Henry III (; ; ; 19 September 1551 – 2 August 1589) was King of France from 1574 until his assassination in 1589, as well as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1573 to 1575. As the fourth son of King Henry II of France, he ...

, who witnessed the introduction of the

Golden Liberty Golden Liberty (; , ), sometimes referred to as Golden Freedoms, Nobles' Democracy or Nobles' Commonwealth ( or ''Złota wolność szlachecka'') was a political system in the Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569), Kingdom of Poland and, after the Unio ...

system and

Stephen Báthory Stephen Báthory (; ; ; 27 September 1533 – 12 December 1586) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1576–1586) as well as Prince of Transylvania, earlier Voivode of Transylvania (1571–1576). The son of Stephen VIII Báthory ...

, a capable military commander who strengthened the nation. The meaningful rule of the

Vasa dynasty The House of Vasa or Wasa was a royal house that was founded in 1523 in Sweden. Its members ruled the Kingdom of Sweden from 1523 to 1654 and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1587 to 1668. Its agnatic line became extinct with the death ...

initially expanded the Commonwealth as the arts and crafts developed, as well as trade and commerce. King

Sigismund III Vasa Sigismund III Vasa (, ; 20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632 N.S.) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1587 to 1632 and, as Sigismund, King of Sweden from 1592 to 1599. He was the first Polish sovereign from the House of Vasa. Re ...

, a talented but somewhat despotic ruler, involved the country in many wars, which subsequently resulted in the successful capture of

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

and the loss of

Livonia Livonia, known in earlier records as Livland, is a historical region on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea. It is named after the Livonians, who lived on the shores of present-day Latvia. By the end of the 13th century, the name was extende ...

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...

. His son,

Władysław IV Vasa Władysław IV Vasa or Ladislaus IV (9 June 1595 – 20 May 1648) was King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania and claimant of the thrones of Monarchy of Sweden, Sweden and List of Russian monarchs, Russia. Born into the House of Vasa as a prince ...

, fiercely defended the Commonwealth's borders and continued the policy of his father until his death, unlike John II Casimir whose tragic rule resulted in his

abdication Abdication is the act of formally relinquishing monarchical authority. Abdications have played various roles in the Order of succession, succession procedures of monarchies. While some cultures have viewed abdication as an extreme abandonment of ...

. The election of

John III Sobieski John III Sobieski ( (); (); () 17 August 1629 – 17 June 1696) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674 until his death in 1696. Born into Polish nobility, Sobieski was educated at the Jagiellonian University and toured Eur ...

to the Polish throne proved to be beneficial for the Commonwealth. A brilliant military tactician, John III led the coalition forces to victory at Vienna in 1683 and he partially recaptured land from the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

. However, the years that followed were not as successful. The long and ineffective rule of the

Wettin dynasty The House of Wettin () was a dynasty which included Saxon kings, prince-electors, dukes, and counts, who once ruled territories in the present-day German federated states of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. The dynasty is one of the oldest ...

(

Augustus II the Strong Augustus II the Strong (12 May 1670 – 1 February 1733), was Elector of Saxony from 1694 as well as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1697 to 1706 and from 1709 until his death in 1733. He belonged to the Albertine branch of the H ...

and

Augustus III Augustus III (; – "the Saxon"; ; 17 October 1696 5 October 1763) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1733 until 1763, as well as Elector of Saxony in the Holy Roman Empire where he was known as Frederick Augustus II (). He w ...

) placed the Commonwealth under the influence of

Saxony Saxony, officially the Free State of Saxony, is a landlocked state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, and Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland and the Czech Republic. Its capital is Dresden, and ...

and the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

. Additional feuds with rebel nobility (

szlachta The ''szlachta'' (; ; ) were the nobility, noble estate of the realm in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Depending on the definition, they were either a warrior "caste" or a social ...

) and most notably Stanislaus I Leszczyński and

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

diminished the influence of Poland–Lithuania in the region, which led to the partitions that occurred under King Stanislaus II Augustus, yet another enlightened, but ineffective monarch. The last true sovereign of Poland was Frederick Augustus I as Duke of Warsaw, who throughout his political career attempted to rehabilitate the Polish state. Following the

Napoleonic Wars {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Napoleonic Wars , partof = the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars , image = Napoleonic Wars (revision).jpg , caption = Left to right, top to bottom:Battl ...

, many sovereigns claimed the title of Polish king, duke or ruler, notably German (the

King of Prussia The monarchs of Prussia were members of the House of Hohenzollern who were the hereditary rulers of the former German state of Prussia from its founding in 1525 as the Duchy of Prussia. The Duchy had evolved out of the Teutonic Order, a Roman C ...

was also the sovereign of the

Grand Duchy of Posen The Grand Duchy of Posen (; ) was part of the Kingdom of Prussia, created from Prussian Partition, territories annexed by Prussia after the Partitions of Poland, and formally established following the Congress of Vienna in 1815. On 9 February 1 ...

1815-1918), Russian (the

Congress Kingdom of Poland Congress Poland or Congress Kingdom of Poland, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland, was a polity created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna as a semi-autonomous Polish state, a successor to Napoleon's Duchy of Warsaw. It was established wh ...

was founded in 1815 with the widely unrecognized title of King of Poland to the

Emperor of Russia The emperor and autocrat of all Russia (, ), also translated as emperor and autocrat of all the Russias, was the official title of the List of Russian monarchs, Russian monarch from 1721 to 1917. The title originated in connection with Russia's ...

until 1915) and Austrian emperors (the

Emperor of Austria The emperor of Austria (, ) was the ruler of the Austrian Empire and later the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The hereditary imperial title and office was proclaimed in 1804 by Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorr ...

was sovereign of the

Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, also known as Austrian Galicia or colloquially Austrian Poland, was a constituent possession of the Habsburg monarchy in the historical region of Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galicia in Eastern Europe. The Cr ...

between 1772 and 1918, and the Grand Duchy of Kraków between 1846 and 1918). The new

Kingdom of Poland The Kingdom of Poland (; Latin: ''Regnum Poloniae'') was a monarchy in Central Europe during the Middle Ages, medieval period from 1025 until 1385. Background The West Slavs, West Slavic tribe of Polans (western), Polans who lived in what i ...

was proclaimed as an independent state in 1916 with a Regency Council but the

monarchy A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, reigns as head of state for the rest of their life, or until abdication. The extent of the authority of the monarch may vary from restricted and largely symbolic (constitutio ...

was abolished and a parliamentary republican authority was established when Poland was re-constituted as a sovereign state in 1918.

Legendary

Most of the legendary Polish rulers appear for the first time in chronicles from the 13th century and their existence has not been determined. , - , , , Unknown , Unknown , Unknown , Legendary founder of the Polish nation according to folktales, tribal leader ,

Lechites Lechites (, ), also known as the Lechitic tribes (, ), is a name given to certain West Slavs, West Slavic tribes who inhabited modern-day Poland and eastern Germany, and were speakers of the Lechitic languages. Distinct from the Czech–Slovak lan ...

(Tribe) , - ,
also Krak or Grakch
, Chronica Polonorum I 5

, , Unknown , , Legendary founder of

Kraków , officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 ...

(Tribe) , - ,
, Monarch-emp

,
Son of Krakus I , Unknown , , Succession ,

(Tribe) , - ,

, Lech II

,
Son of Krakus I, brother of Krakus II , Unknown , , Succession ,

(Tribe) , - ,
also Wąda
, Chronica Polonorum Vanda

,
Daughter of Krakus, sister of Krakus II and Lech II , Unknown , , Succession ,

(Tribe) , - , Duke

also Leszek

, ,

, Unknown ,

, Birth name Przemysław, defeated the Hungarians and was crowned

Elected , Goplans and Polans (Tribes) , - , Duke

, ,
Presumed son of Leszko I, Alleged progenitor of the Popielids dynasty , Unknown , , Succession , Popielids , - , Duke

, ,
Presumed son of Leszko II , Unknown , , Succession , Popielids , - , Duke

, ,
Presumed son of Leszko III , Unknown , , Succession , Popielids , - , Duke

, ,
Presumed son of Popiel I , NN, A German Princess , , A legendary ruler dethroned by Piast. He appears (without the number) in the oldest Polish chronicle, from the early 12th century

Succession , Popielids , - ,
, ,
Son of Chościsko ,

Rzepicha Rzepicha (pronounced ) (also Rzepka) was the wife of the semi-legendary Piast the Wheelwright (founder of the Piast dynasty) and the mother of Siemowit. She is mentioned in Gallus Anonymus' Gesta principum Polonorum, Polish Chronicle (''Cronicae e ...

, , Legendary founder of the Piast dynasty. He appears in the oldest Polish chronicle, from the early 12th century ,

Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great. Branches of ...

Debatable rulers

The three direct predecessors of Mieszko I are known only from the account of

Gallus Anonymus ''Gallus Anonymus'', also known by his Polonized variant ''Gall '', is the name traditionally given to the anonymous author of (Deeds of the Princes of the Poles), composed in Latin between 1112 and 1118. ''Gallus'' is generally regarded as the ...

, who wrote the oldest Polish chronicle, at the beginning of the 12th century. Though their historicity was once debatable, now historians tend to consider them actually existing rulers. , - , Duke

also Ziemowit

9th century , , 9th century
Presumed son of

Piast the Wheelwright Piast the Wheelwright ( 740/741? – 861? AD; Polish language, Polish: ''Piast Kołodziej'' , ''Piast Oracz'', i.e. Piast the Plower, or ''Piast''; ''Piast Chościskowic'', Latin language, Latin: ''Past Ckosisconis'', ''Pazt filius Chosisconisu'' ...

and

, Unknown , 9th century , Named the

Duke of the Polans Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of Royal elections in Poland, free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electab ...

after his father, Piast the Wheelwright, refused to take the place of legendary Duke Popiel

Elected ,

, , - , Duke

also Leszek or Lestko
9th century

10th century , , 880
Presumed son of

Siemowit Siemowit (Polish pronunciation: �ɛˈmɔvit also Ziemowit �ɛˈmɔvit was, according to the chronicles of Gallus Anonymus, the son of Piast the Wheelwright and Rzepicha. He is considered to be the first ruler of the Piast dynasty.K. Jasiński, R ...

, Unknown , 950 , Named the

after succeeding his father

Succession ,

, , - , Duke

also Ziemomysł
Latin: Zemomislaus
10th century

/960 , ,
Presumed son of Lestek , Unknown , 960 , Named the

after succeeding his father

Succession ,

House of Piast

, - , Duke

Mieszko I Mieszko I (; – 25 May 992) was Duchy of Poland (966–1025), Duke of Poland from 960 until his death in 992 and the founder of the first unified History of Poland, Polish state, the Civitas Schinesghe. A member of the Piast dynasty, he was t ...

Latin: ''Misico, dux Wandalorum''
960

25 May 992
''( years)'' , ,

Son of semi-legendary

Siemomysł Siemomysł or Ziemomysł (died ) was the third duke of the Polans and the father of Poland's first Christian ruler, Mieszko I. A member of the Piast dynasty, he was listed by Gallus Anonymous in his '' Gesta principum Polonorum'' as the son of ...

Doubravka of Bohemia Doubravka of Bohemia, Dobrawa (, ; ca. 940/45 – 977) was a Bohemian princess of the Přemyslid dynasty and by marriage Duchess of the Polans. She was the daughter of Boleslaus I the Cruel, Duke of Bohemia, whose wife may have been the myster ...

2 children

Oda of Haldensleben Oda of Haldensleben ( 955/60 – 1023) was Duchess of the Polans by marriage to Mieszko I of Poland. Life Oda was the eldest child of Dietrich of Haldensleben, Margrave of the North March. She grew up in the monastery of Kalbe, near to Milde ...

3 children , 25 May 992

Poznań Poznań ( ) is a city on the Warta, River Warta in west Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business center and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint John's ...

Aged about 62 , First Christian ruler of Poland

Succession ,

, - , King

also Boleslaus I the Great

9921025 (as duke)

18 April 102517 June 1025 (as king)
''( years)'' , Bolek

Son of

and

, Hunilda, daughter of Rikdag

Judith of Hungary Judith of Hungary (; , Esztergom – , Kraków?) was a Hungarian princess and member of the Árpád dynasty. She was briefly married to the Piast duke of Poland, Bolesław the Brave. According to some sources, she was the eldest child of Géza ...

Emnilda of Lusatia

Oda of Meissen Oda of Meissen, also named Ode, Old High German form for ''Uta'' or ''Ute'' (, ; born c. 996 – died 31 October or 13 November after 1025), was a Saxon countess and member of the Ekkehardiner dynasty. She married Piast Duke Bolesław I the Bra ...

, 17 June 1025

Aged about 58 , First crowned king

Succession ,

, - , King

25 December 10251031
''( years)'' , Matylda wrecza mieszkowi II ksiege liturgiczna

Son of

and Emnilda of Lusatia ,

Richeza of Lotharingia Richeza of Lotharingia (also called ''Richenza'', ''Rixa'', ''Ryksa''; born about 995/1000 – 21 March 1063) was a member of the Ezzonen dynasty who became queen of Poland as the wife of Mieszko II Lambert. Her Polish marriage was arranged to ...

, 4 children , 10/11 May 1034

Aged about 44 , Crowned king

Succession

Deposed as a result of the Pagan Rebellion ,

, - , Duke

Bezprym Bezprym (Old �bɛspʂɨm �vɛspreːm 986–1032) was the duke of Poland from 1031 until his death. He was the eldest son of the Polish king Bolesław the Brave, but was deprived of the succession by his father, who around 1001 sent him t ...

10311032 ''( years)'' , Bezprym

Son of Bolesław I the Brave and

, Unknown ,
Aged about 46 , Country divided, ruler of a Duchy

Usurped ,

, - , Duke
Otto
10321033 ''( years)'' , Monarch-emp

Son of Bolesław I the Brave and Emnilda of Lusatia , Unknown ,
Aged about 33 , Country divided, ruler of a Duchy

Usurped ,

, - , Duke

Dytryk Dytryk (''Dietrich'' or ''Theoderic'') (born after 992 - died after 1032) – Polish duke in 1032. Dytryk was a paternal grandson (''patruelus'') of Mieszko I and his second (or third?) wife Oda of Haldensleben, the daughter of Dietrich of Haldens ...

also Dietrich and Theoderick
10321033 ''( years)'' , Monarch-emp

Son of

Lambert Mieszkowic Lambert Mieszkowic (c. 981 – after 992/95), was a Polish prince of the House of Piast. He was the fourth son of Mieszko I of Poland, the third born from his second marriage with Oda, daughter of Dietrich of Haldensleben, Margrave of the North ...

Mieszko Mieszkowic Mieszko Mieszkowic (979/984 – aft. 992/95), was a Polish prince, and a member of the House of Piast. He was the second son of Mieszko I of Poland, but eldest born from Mieszko's second marriage to Oda, daughter of Dietrich of Haldensleben, Mar ...

, Unknown ,
Aged about 41 , Country divided, ruler of a Duchy

Usurped ,

, - , Duke
Mieszko II Lambert
10321034
''( years)'' , Matylda wrecza mieszkowi II ksiege liturgiczna

Son of

and Emnilda of Lusatia ,

, 4 children , 10/11 May 1034

Aged about 44 , Restored as duke ,

, - , Duke
Bolesław the Forgotten

10341038/1039
''( years)'' , Monarch-emp

, before 1016

Presumed son of

, Unknown , 1038/1039 , Semi-legendary, existence disputed ,

, - , Duke

Casimir I the Restorer Casimir I the Restorer (; 25 July 1016 – 19 March 1058), a member of the Piast dynasty, was the duke of Poland from 1040 until his death. Casimir was the son of Mieszko II Lambert and Richeza of Lotharingia. He is known as the Restorer because ...

1034/10401058
''( years)'' , Casimir I the Restorer

, 25 July 1016

Son of

and

, Maria Dobroniega, 5 children , 19 March 1058

Aged 41 , Made prince in 1034, returned from abroad in 1040

Restoration ,

, - , King

Bolesław II the Generous Bolesław or Boleslav may refer to: People * Bolesław (given name) (also ''Boleslav'' or ''Boleslaus''), including a list of people with this name Geography * Bolesław, Dąbrowa County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland * Bolesław, Olkusz Coun ...

10581076 (as duke)
26 December 10761079 (as king)
''( years)'' , , 1042

Son of

and Maria Dobroniega , Wyszesława, 1 son , 2/3 April 1081

or Ossiach
Aged about 39 , Crowned king in 1076

Deposed and exiled in 1079 after slaying Saint Stanislaus ,

, - , Duke
Władysław I Herman
10794 June 1102
''( years)'' , , 1044

Son of

and Maria Dobroniega , Przecława

Judith of Bohemia

Judith of Swabia Judith of Swabia (, ; Summer 1054 – 14 March ca. 1105?), a member of the Salian dynasty, was the youngest daughter of Emperor Henry III from his second marriage with Agnes of Poitou. By her two marriages she was Queen of Hungary from 1063 t ...

, 24 June 1102
Płock
Aged about 58 , Succeeded brother after his exile ,

, - , Duke
Zbigniew of Poland, Zbigniew
11021107
''( years)'' , ,

Son of Władysław I Herman and Przecława (?) , Unknown , 8 July 1113
Aged about 40 , Succession ,

, - , Duke

also Boleslaus III

11071138
''( years)'' , , 20 August 1086
Płock

Son of Władysław I Herman and Judith of Bohemia , Zbyslava of Kiev

Salomea of Berg , 28 October 1138
Sochaczew
Aged 52 , Succession

His death led to the Testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth, fragmentation of Poland ,

Fragmentation of Poland (1138–1320)

, - , High Duke
Władysław II the Exile

11381146
''( years)'' , , 1105

Son of

and Zbyslava of Kiev , Agnes of Babenberg, 5 children , 30 May 1159
Altenburg
Aged 54 , Succession

Deposed and exiled ,

, - , High Duke
Bolesław IV the Curly

11461173
''( years)'' , ,

Son of

and Salomea of Berg , Viacheslava of Novgorod, 3 children , 5 January 1173
Aged about 51 , Succeeded exiled half-brother ,

, - , High Duke
Mieszko III of Poland, Mieszko III

11731177
''( years)'' , ,

Son of

and Salomea of Berg , Elizabeth of Hungary, Duchess of Greater Poland, Elisabeth of Hungary

Eudoxia of Kiev , 13 March 1202
Kalisz
Aged about 75 , Succession

Deposed by brother in 1177 ,

, - , High Duke
Casimir II the Just

11771190
''( years)'' , ,

Son of

and Salomea of Berg , Helen of Znojmo, 7 children , 5 May 1194

Aged about 56 , Usurped power from brother ,

, - , Mieszko III
11901190 , , – , – , – , Usurped ,

, - , Casimir II the Just
11901194 , , – , – , – , Usurped ,

, - , High Duke
Leszek I the White

11941198
''( years)'' , , /1185

Son of Casimir II the Just and Helen of Znojmo , Grzymisława of Luck, 2 children , 24 November 1227
Marcinkowo Górne
Aged about 43 , Succession ,

, - , Mieszko III
11981199 , , – , – , – , Usurped ,

, - , Leszek I the White
11991199 , , – , – , – , Restored ,

, - , Mieszko III
11991202 , , – , – , – , Usurped ,

, - , High Duke
Władysław III Spindleshanks

12021206
''( years)'' , ,

Son of Mieszko III and Eudoxia of Kiev , Lucia of Rügen, 2 children , 3 November 1231
Aged about 64 , Usurped ,

, - , Leszek I the White
12061210 , , – , – , – , Restored ,

, - , High Duke
Mieszko IV Tanglefoot

12101211
''( years)'' ,

Son of Władysław II the Exile and Agnes of Babenberg , Ludmila (wife of Mieszko I Tanglefoot), Ludmila, 5 children , 16 May 1211
Aged about 81 , Usurped ,

, - , Leszek I the White
12111227
''( years)'' , , – , – , – , Restored

Murdered in 1227 ,

, - , Władysław III Spindleshanks
12271229 , , – , – , – , Usurped ,

, - , High Duke
Konrad I of Masovia
12291232
''( years)'' , , /1188

Son of Casimir II the Just and Helen of Znojmo , Agafia of Rus, 10 children , 31 August 1247
Aged about 60 , Usurped ,

, - , High Duke
Henry I the Bearded

12321238
''( years)'' , , /1188
Głogów

Son of Bolesław I the Tall and Christina (?) , Hedwig of Andechs, 7 children , 19 March 1238
Krosno Odrzańskie
Aged about 73 , Usurped ,

, - , High Duke
Henry II the Pious

12381241
''( years)'' , ,
Głogów

Son of Henry the Bearded and Hedwig of Andechs , Anne of Bohemia, Duchess of Silesia, Anne of Bohemia, 10 children , 9 April 1241
Legnickie Pole
Aged about 45 , Succession

Killed at the Battle of Legnica ,

, - , High Duke
Bolesław II the Horned

12411241 , Monarch-emp

, /1225
Głogów

Son of Henry II the Pious and Anne of Bohemia, Duchess of Silesia, Anne of Bohemia , Hedwig of Anhalt, 7 children
Euphemia of Pomerania
Sophia of Dyhrn , 26 December 1278
Legnica , Succession

Deposed ,

, - , High Duke
Konrad I of Masovia
12411243
''( years)'' , , /1188

Son of Casimir II the Just and Helen of Znojmo , Agafia of Rus, 10 children , 31 August 1247
Aged about 60 , Usurped ,

, - , High Duke
Bolesław V the Chaste

12431279
''( years)'' , , 21 June 1226
Stary Korczyn

Son of Leszek I the White and Grzymisława of Luck , Kinga of Poland, no children , 7 December 1279

Aged 52 , Restored as rightful Duke ,

, - , High Duke
Leszek II the Black

12791288
''( years)'' , Leszek Czarny by Aleksander Lesser

,
Brześć Kujawski

Son of Casimir I of Kuyavia and Constance of Wrocław , Gryfina of Halych , 30 September 1288

Aged about 47 , Succession ,

, - , High Duke
Henryk IV Probus
English: ''Henry the Righteous''

12881290
''( years)'' , , /1258

Son of Henry III the White and Judith of Masovia , Constance, Duchess of Wodzisław, Constance of Opole

Matilda of Brandenburg, Duchess of Poland, Matilda of Brandenburg , 23 June 1290
Wrocław
Aged about 32 , Succession ,

Attempt at restoration (1295–1296)

, - , King

English: Premislaus II
12901291 (as High Duke)

12951296 (as King)
''(1 year)'' , , , 14 October 1257

Son of Przemysł I of Greater Poland and Elisabeth of Wrocław , Ludgarda of Mecklenburg

Richeza of Sweden, Duchess of Poland, Richeza of Sweden

Margaret of Brandenburg , 8 February 1296
Rogoźno
Aged 38 , Crowned king in 1295

Granted Poland its coat of arms

Assassinated ,

Přemyslid House

, - , King
Wenceslaus II of Bohemia

12961300 (as High Duke)

13001305 (as King)
''( years)'' , Vaclav2 trun

, 27 September 1271
Prague

Son of Ottokar II of Bohemia and Kunigunda of Slavonia , Judith of Habsburg

Elisabeth Richeza of Poland , 21 June 1305
Prague
Aged 33 , Crowned himself King of Poland in 1300 , House of Přemyslid, Přemyslid , - , ''(Uncrowned)''
Wenceslaus III of Bohemia

13051306
''(1 year)'' , Vaclav3 pecet

, 6 October 1289
Prague

Son of Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, Wenceslaus II and Judith of Habsburg , Viola of Teschen , 4 August 1306
Olomouc
Aged 16 , Succession

Uncrowned and assassinated , House of Přemyslid, Přemyslid

House of Piast (restored)

, - , King
Ladislaus the Short

13061320
(as High Duke)

20 January 1320

2 March 1333
(as King)
''()'' , , ,

Son of Casimir I of Kuyavia and Euphrosyne of Opole , Jadwiga of Kalisz, 6 children , 2 March 1333

Aged about 73 , Reunited the Kingdom of Poland after fragmentation

Crowned King in 1320 ,

, - , King

25 April 1333

5 November 1370
''()'' , Kazimierz III sarcophagus figure

, , 30 April 1310
Kowal (town), Kowal

Son of

and Jadwiga of Kalisz , Aldona of Lithuania

Adelaide of Hesse

Christina Rokiczana

Hedwig of Sagan , 5 November 1370

Aged 60 , Succession

Strengthened Poland's position in Europe

Died without a male heir

Last monarch from the Piast Dynasty ,

House of Anjou

, - , King
Louis I of Hungary, Louis

17 November 1370

10 September 1382
''()'' , , , 5 March 1326
Visegrád

Son of Charles I of Hungary and Elizabeth of Poland, Queen of Hungary, Elizabeth of Poland , Margaret of Bohemia, Queen of Hungary, Margaret of Bohemia

Elizabeth of Bosnia , 10 September 1382
Trnava, Nagyszombat (Trnava)
Aged 56 , Succeeded his uncle, Casimir III, to the Polish throne , Capetian House of Anjou, Anjou , - , King
Jadwiga of Poland, Hedwig

16 October 1384

17 July 1399
''()'' , , , 3 October 137318 February 1374
Buda

Daughter of Louis I of Hungary and Elizabeth of Bosnia ,

(Jogaila) , 17 July 1399

Aged 25 , Succeeded her father in Poland

Her husband was crowned ''jure uxoris'' on 4 March 1386 , Capetian House of Anjou, Anjou

House of Jagiellon

, - , King

4 March 1386

1 June 1434
''()'' , , , /1362
Vilnius

Son of Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Algirdas and Uliana of Tver , Hedwig of Poland (Jadwiga)

Anna of Cilli

Elisabeth of Pilica

Sophia of Halshany , 1 June 1434
Gródek Jagielloński, Gródek
Aged 72–82 , Born a pagan

Previously

Crowned co-ruler with wife Hedwig of Poland, Hedwig

Longest-reigning Polish monarch , House of Jagiellon, Jagiellon , - , King
Władysław III of Poland, Władysław III
English: Ladislaus III of Varna

25 July 1434

10 November 1444
''()'' , , , 31 October 1424

Son of Jogaila and Sophia of Halshany , Unmarried and childless , 10 November 1444
Varna, Bulgaria, Varna
Aged 20 , Succeeded his father in Poland

Killed at the Battle of Varna

Interregnum until 1447 , House of Jagiellon, Jagiellon , - , King
Casimir IV Jagiellon, Casimir IV

25 June 1447

7 June 1492
''()'' , , , 30 November 1427

Son of Jogaila and Sophia of Halshany , Elizabeth of Austria (1436–1505), Elizabeth of Habsburg, 13 children , 7 June 1492
Grodno
Aged 64 , Succession

Previously Grand Duke of Lithuania

Divided the Polish-Lithuanian realm between John I Albert, John and Alexander Jagiellon, Alexander , House of Jagiellon, Jagiellon , - , King
John I Albert

23 September 1492

17 June 1501
''()'' , PL Gloger-Encyklopedja staropolska ilustrowana T

PL Gloger-Encyklopedja staropolska ilustrowana T

, 27 December 1459

Son of Casimir IV Jagiellon, Casimir IV and Elizabeth of Austria (1436–1505), Elizabeth of Habsburg , Unmarried and childless , 17 June 1501
Toruń
Aged 41 , Succeeded his father in Poland

Laid foundation for the Sejm and Senate of Poland, Senate (Polish Parliament) , House of Jagiellon, Jagiellon , - , King
Alexander Jagiellon, Alexander

12 December 1501

19 August 1506
''()'' , , , 5 August 1461

Son of Casimir IV Jagiellon, Casimir IV and Elizabeth of Austria (1436–1505), Elizabeth of Habsburg , Helena of Moscow, childless , 19 August 1506
Vilnius
Aged 45 , Succeeded his brother in Poland

Previously Grand Duke of Lithuania

Buried in Lithuania , House of Jagiellon, Jagiellon , - , King

8 December 1506

1 April 1548
''()'' , Kulmbach Sigismund I the Old

, , 1 January 1467
Kozienice

Son of Casimir IV Jagiellon, Casimir IV and Elizabeth of Austria (1436–1505), Elizabeth of Habsburg , Barbara Zápolya

Bona Sforza of Milan , 1 April 1548

Aged 81 , Succeeded his brother in Poland and Lithuania , House of Jagiellon, Jagiellon , - , King

1 April 1548

7 July 1572
''()'' , Cranach the Younger Sigismund II Augustus

, , 1 August 1520

Son of Sigismund I the Old, Sigismund I and Bona Sforza , Elizabeth of Austria (1526–1545), Elizabeth of Austria

Barbara Radziwiłł

Catherine of Austria, Queen of Poland, Catherine of Austria , 7 July 1572
Knyszyn
Aged 51 , Succession

Formation of the

with an

Last male member of the Jagiellonian Dynasty, died heirless , House of Jagiellon, Jagiellon

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1569–1795

, - , King
Henry III of France, Henry

16 May 1573

12 May 1575
''()'' , , , 19 September 1551
Château de Fontainebleau, Fontainebleau

Son of Henry II of France, Henry II and Catherine de' Medici , Louise of Lorraine, no children , 2 August 1589
Château de Saint-Cloud, Saint-Cloud
Aged 37 , Elected

Left Poland in June 1574 to succeed his Charles IX of France, brother in France

Interregnum until 1575 , House of Valois, Valois , - , Queen
Anna Jagiellon, Anna

15 December 1575

19 August 1587
''(de facto)''
''()''

9 September 1596
''(de jure)''
''()'' , Kober Anna Jagiellon as a widow

, 18 October 1523

Daughter of Sigismund I the Old, Sigismund I and Bona Sforza ,

, no children , 9 September 1596
Warsaw
Aged 72 , Elected co-monarch with

Sole ruler until Báthory's arrival and coronation in May 1576

Ruled after husband's death until her nephew was elected , Jagiellonian Dynasty, Jagiellon , - , King

1 May 1576

12 December 1586
''()'' , Riehl Portrait of Stephen Bathory

, 27 September 1533
Șimleu Silvaniei, Szilágysomlyó

Son of Stephen Báthory of Somlyó and Catherine Telegdi , Anna Jagiellon, no children , 12 December 1586
Grodno
Aged 53 , Elected as co-monarch with Anna Jagiellon

Prince of Transylvania , Báthory family, Báthory , - , King
Sigismund III Vasa, Sigismund III

19 August 1587

30 April 1632
''()'' , Soutman Sigismund III Vasa in coronation robes

Soutman Sigismund III Vasa in coronation robes

, 20 June 1566
Gripsholm Castle, Gripsholm

Son of John III of Sweden and Catherine Jagiellon , Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland, Anne of Austria

Constance of Austria , 30 April 1632
Warsaw
Aged 65 , Elected, nephew of Anna Jagiellon

Transferred capital from

to Warsaw

Hereditary King of

until deposition in 1599 , House of Vasa, Vasa , - , King
Władysław IV
also Ladislaus IV

8 November 1632

20 May 1648
''()'' , Rubens Wladyslaw Vasa

, 9 June 1595
Łobzów

Son of Sigismund III Vasa, Sigismund III and Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland, Anne of Austria , Cecilia Renata of Austria

Marie Louise Gonzaga , 20 May 1648
Merkinė
Aged 52 , Elective succession

Also titular King of Sweden and elected Tsar of Russia (1610–1613) when the Polish army captured Moscow , House of Vasa, Vasa , - , King
John II Casimir

20 November 1648

16 September 1668
''()'' , Schultz John II Casimir Vasa

, 22 March 1609

Son of Sigismund III Vasa, Sigismund III and Constance of Austria , Marie Louise Gonzaga

Claudine Françoise Mignot (morganatic marriage) , 16 December 1672
Nevers
Aged 63 , Elective succession, succeeded half-brother

Previously a Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinal

Titular King of Sweden

Abdication, Abdicated , House of Vasa, Vasa , - , King
Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, Michael I

19 June 1669

10 November 1673
''()'' , King Michael Korybut Wisniowiecki

Coat of Arms of Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki as king of Poland

, 31 May 1640
Bilyi Kamin, Biały Kamień

Son of Jeremi Wiśniowiecki and Gryzelda Konstancja Wiśniowiecka, Gryzelda Konstancja Zamoyska , Eleonora Maria of Austria, no children , 10 November 1673
Lwów
Aged 33 , Elected

Born into nobility of mixed heritage, the son of a military commander and governor , Wiśniowiecki , - , King

19 May 1674

17 June 1696
''()'' , Schultz John III Sobieski

Coat of Arms of Jan Sobieski as king of Poland

, 17 August 1629
Olesko Castle, Olesko

Son of Jakub Sobieski and Teofila Zofia Sobieska, Teofila Zofia , Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien, Marie Casimire d'Arquien, 13 children , 17 June 1696
Wilanów Palace, Wilanów
Aged 66 , Elected

Born into nobility

A successful military commander , House of Sobieski, Sobieski , - , King
Augustus the Strong, Augustus II

15 September 1697

1706
''(1st reign, 9 years)'' , August II the Strong

, 12 May 1670
Dresden

Previously Elector and ruler of

Dethroned by Stanislaus I in 1706 during the Great Northern War , House of Wettin, Wettin , - , King
Stanislaus I

12 July 1704

8 July 1709
''(1st reign, )'' , , , 20 October 1677
Lwów

Son of Rafał Leszczyński (1650–1703), Rafał Leszczyński and Anna Leszczyńska (1660–1727), Anna Jabłonowska , Catherine Opalińska, 2 children , 23 February 1766
Lunéville
Aged 88 , Usurped

Nominated as ruler in 1704, crowned in 1705 and deposed predecessor in 1706

Exiled in 1709 , House of Leszczyński, Leszczyński , - , King
Augustus the Strong, Augustus II

8 July 1709

1 February 1733
''(2nd reign, )'' , , , 12 May 1670
Dresden

Son of John George III, Elector of Saxony, John George III and Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark , Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, 1 son by wife , 1 February 1733
Warsaw
Aged 62 , Restored , House of Wettin, Wettin , - , King
Stanislaus I

12 September 1733

26 January 1736
''(2nd reign, )'' , , , 20 October 1677
Lwów

Son of Rafał Leszczyński (1650–1703), Rafał Leszczyński and Anna Leszczyńska (1660–1727), Anna Jabłonowska , Catherine Opalińska, 2 children, including Marie Leszczyńska, Marie, Queen of France , 23 February 1766
Lunéville
Aged 88 , Elected

His election sparked the War of the Polish Succession

Deposed by

in 1736 , House of Leszczyński, Leszczyński , - , King
Augustus III

5 October 1733

5 October 1763
''(30 years)'' , , , 17 October 1696
Dresden

Son of

and Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Christiane Eberhardine , Maria Josepha of Austria, 16 children, including Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France, Maria Josepha, Dauphine of France , 5 October 1763
Dresden
Aged 66 , Usurped

Proclaimed King of Poland in 1733, crowned in 1734

Dethroned elected predecessor in 1736 , House of Wettin, Wettin , - , King
Stanislaus II Augustus

7 September 1764

25 November 1795
''()'' , , , 17 January 1732
Wołczyn

Son of Stanisław Poniatowski (1676–1762), Stanisław Poniatowski and Konstancja Czartoryska (1700–1759), Konstancja Czartoryska , Unmarried, had illegitimate children including with Catherine the Great, Empress Catherine II of Russia , 1 February 1798
Saint Petersburg
Aged 66 , Elected

Born into nobility

Last King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, his reign ended in the Partitions of Poland , House of Poniatowski, Poniatowski

Duchy of Warsaw, 1807–1815

, - , Grand Duke
Frederick Augustus I

9 June 1807

22 May 1815
''()'' , , , 23 December 1750
Dresden

Son of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony and Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria, Maria Antonia of Bavaria , Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld,
1 daughter , 5 May 1827
Dresden
Aged 76 , Treaties of Tilsit

Designated as a king of Poland by General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland, 1812. , House of Wettin, Wettin

Polish States 1815-1918

See the List of rulers of Partitioned Poland

Family tree of the rulers of Poland

Pretenders to the Polish throne

* Vratislaus II of Bohemia (1085–1092) * Rudolf I of Bohemia (1306–1307) * Henry of Bohemia (1307–1310) * John of Bohemia (1310–1335) * Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria (1916–1918) * Kiril, Prince of Preslav (1916–1918)

Modern

* Alexander, Margrave of Meissen (2012–), disputed * Rüdiger, Margrave of Meissen (2012–2022), disputed * Daniel, Margrave of Meissen (2022–), disputed. Son of Rüdiger

Not recognized royal elections

* Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, Maxmilian II Habsburg (1575–1576), ''See: 1576 Free election'' * Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria, Maxmilian III Habsburg (1587–1589), ''See: 1587 Free election'' * François Louis, Prince of Conti, François Louis de Bourbon (1697), ''See: 1697 Free election''

References

Bibliography

* Duczmal M., Jagiellonowie. Leksykon biograficzny, Kraków 1996. * Dybkowska A., Żaryn J., Żaryn M., Polskie dzieje. Od czasów najdawniejszych po współczesność, wyd. 2, Warszawa 1995. * Józef Andrzej Gierowski, Gierowski J.A., Rzeczpospolita w dobie złotej wolności (1648–1763), Kraków 2001. * Stanisław Grodziski, Grodziski S., Polska w czasach przełomu (1764–1815), Kraków 2001. * Grodziski S., Porównawcza historia ustrojów państwowych, Kraków 1998. * Stanisław Grzybowski, Grzybowski S., Dzieje Polski i Litwy (1506–1648), Kraków 2000. * Morby J.E., Dynastie świata. Przewodnik chronologiczny i genealogiczny, Kraków 1995, s. 261–263. * Jerzy Wyrozumski, Wyrozumski J., Dzieje Polski piastowskiej (VIII w.-1370), Kraków 1999. * Benedykt Zientara, Zientara B., Henryk Brodaty i jego czasy, wyd. 2, Warszawa 1997.

External links

* Górczyk, Wojciech
"Półksiężyc, orzeł, lew i smok. Uwagi o godłach napieczętnych Piastów"
. Histmag.org. June 14, 2009. {{Poland topics Polish monarchs, Polish history timelines, Monarchs Lists of monarchs in Europe, Poland Lists of Polish people, Monarchs lt:Lenkijos karalius

Legendary

Debatable rulers

House of Piast

Fragmentation of Poland (1138–1320)

Attempt at restoration (1295–1296)

Přemyslid House

House of Piast (restored)

House of Anjou

House of Jagiellon

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1569–1795

Duchy of Warsaw, 1807–1815

Polish States 1815-1918

Family tree of the rulers of Poland

Pretenders to the Polish throne

Modern

Not recognized royal elections

See also

References

Bibliography

External links