''Minuartia'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...
s commonly known as
sandworts in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family (biology), family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranth ...
.
Minuartias are small annual or perennial plants which grow in otherwise inhospitable conditions such as on rocky ledges and in stony soil. Species are distributed in Eurasia and parts of Africa, including Europe, the Mediterranean region, northern and eastern Africa, the
Caucasus
The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, i ...
, western and central Asia, Japan, and Far Eastern Russia.
[
Many ''Minuartia'' species were formerly classed in the genus '' Arenaria'', and the obsolete genus ''Alsine''. In 2014, the ]polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as Homoplasy, homoplasies ...
''Minuartia'' ''sensu lato
''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular co ...
'' was recircumscribed, with many of the species transferred to other genera, including '' Cherleria'', '' Eremogone'', ''Facchinia
''Facchinia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pink and carnation family Caryophyllaceae, native to the Pyrenees and the Alps. Many species in this genus were previously placed in ''Minuartia
''Minuartia'' is a genus of flowering plants c ...
'', '' Mcneillia'', '' Minuartiella'', ''Mononeuria
''Mononeuria'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family (biology), family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon or ...
'', ''Pseudocherleria
''Pseudocherleria'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family (biology), family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyled ...
'', ''Rhodalsine
''Rhodalsine geniculata'' is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae. It is the sole species in genus ''Rhodalsine''.
Its native range is the Canary Islands, the Mediterranean Basin (northern Africa, Iberia, Italy, ...
'', '' Sabulina'', and ''Triplateia
''Triplateia moehringioides'' is a species of flowering plant in the carnation family, Caryophyllaceae. It is the sole species in genus ''Triplateia''. It is an annual or subshrub
A subshrub (Latin ''suffrutex'') or undershrub is either a sma ...
''.[ ''Minuartia'' '']sensu stricto
''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular c ...
'' is characterized by the following features: leaves linear-setaceous; 5 acute sepals with 3, 5, or 9-veins; 5 white petals; 3 styles, forming 3-parted capsules.[
The genus was named for ]Juan Minuart
''Juan'' is a given name, the Spanish and Manx versions of ''John''. The name is of Hebrew origin and has the meaning "God has been gracious." It is very common in Spain and in other Spanish-speaking countries around the world and in the Philippi ...
(1693–1768), a Spanish botanist and pharmacist.
Species
67 species are accepted.[
*'']Minuartia abchasica
''Minuartia'' is a genus of flowering plants commonly known as sandworts in the family Caryophyllaceae.
Minuartias are small annual or perennial plants which grow in otherwise inhospitable conditions such as on rocky ledges and in stony soil. S ...
''
*''Minuartia adenotricha
''Minuartia'' is a genus of flowering plants commonly known as sandworts in the family Caryophyllaceae.
Minuartias are small annual or perennial plants which grow in otherwise inhospitable conditions such as on rocky ledges and in stony soil. S ...
''
*''Minuartia aksoyi
''Minuartia'' is a genus of flowering plants commonly known as sandworts in the family Caryophyllaceae.
Minuartias are small annual or perennial plants which grow in otherwise inhospitable conditions such as on rocky ledges and in stony soil. S ...
''
*''Minuartia alpuensis
''Minuartia'' is a genus of flowering plants commonly known as sandworts in the family Caryophyllaceae.
Minuartias are small annual or perennial plants which grow in otherwise inhospitable conditions such as on rocky ledges and in stony soil. S ...
''
*'' Minuartia anatolica''
*'' Minuartia athoa''
*'' Minuartia bosniaca'' – Bosnian sandwort
*''Minuartia bulgarica
''Minuartia'' is a genus of flowering plants commonly known as sandworts in the family Caryophyllaceae.
Minuartias are small annual or perennial plants which grow in otherwise inhospitable conditions such as on rocky ledges and in stony soil. S ...
''
*'' Minuartia buschiana''
*'' Minuartia campestris''
*'' Minuartia confusa''
*'' Minuartia corymbulosa''
*'' Minuartia cymifera''
*'' Minuartia decipiens''
*'' Minuartia dichotoma''
*'' Minuartia ebracteolata''
*'' Minuartia ellenbeckii''
*'' Minuartia erythrosepala''
*'' Minuartia eurytanica''
*'' Minuartia euxina''
*'' Minuartia filifolia''
*'' Minuartia funkii''
*'' Minuartia globulosa''
*'' Minuartia glomerata''
*'' Minuartia granuliflora''
*'' Minuartia greuteriana''
*'' Minuartia hamata''
*'' Minuartia hamzaoglui''
*'' Minuartia hirsuta''
*'' Minuartia hondoensis''
*'' Minuartia innominata''
*'' Minuartia intermedia''
*'' Minuartia isaurica''
*'' Minuartia kitanovii''
*'' Minuartia krascheninnikovii''
*'' Minuartia lanuginosa''
*'' Minuartia leucocephala''
*'' Minuartia leucocephaloides''
*'' Minuartia libanotica''
*'' Minuartia mairei''
*'' Minuartia meyeri''
*'' Minuartia micrantha''
*'' Minuartia montana''
*'' Minuartia mucronata''
*'' Minuartia multinervis''
*'' Minuartia nifensis''
*'' Minuartia palyzanica''
*'' Minuartia parvulorum''
*'' Minuartia pauciflora''
*'' Minuartia perdita''
*'' Minuartia recurva'' – recurved sandwort, sickle-leaved sandwort
*'' Minuartia rostrata''
*'' Minuartia rumelica''
*'' Minuartia sandwithii''
*'' Minuartia sclerantha''
*'' Minuartia setacea''
*'' Minuartia sintenisii'' – Troodos sandwort
*'' Minuartia smejkalii (Dvořáková)''
*'' Minuartia stereoneura''
*'' Minuartia stojanovii''
*'' Minuartia strandjensis''
*'' Minuartia tchihatchewii''
*'' Minuartia tenuissima''
*'' Minuartia torosensis''
*'' Minuartia tricostata''
*'' Minuartia turcica''
*'' Minuartia valedictionis''
*'' Minuartia woronowii''
Formerly placed here
* '' Cherleria arctica'' – Arctic sandwort (as ''Minuartia arctica'' )
*'' Cherleria biflora'' – mountain sandwort (as ''Minuartia biflora'' )
*'' Cherleria dirphya'' (as ''Minuartia dirphya'' )
*'' Cherleria laricifolia'' (as ''Minuartia laricifolia'' )
*'' Cherleria marcescens'' – serpentine sandwort (as ''Minuartia marcescens'' )
*'' Cherleria obtusiloba'' – twinflower sandwort (as ''Minuartia obtusiloba'' )
*'' Cherleria sedoides'' (as ''Minuartia sedoides'' )
*'' Cherleria yukonensis'' – Yukon sandwort (as ''Minuartia yukonensis'' )
*'' Facchinia cherlerioides'' (as ''Minuartia cherlerioides'' )
*''Geocarpon carolinianum
''Geocarpon'' is a genus of flowering plants in the carnation family, Caryophyllaceae. It includes seven species native to North America, from the eastern subarctic (including Greenland) through the eastern, southeastern, and central United State ...
'' – pinebarren sandwort (as ''Minuartia caroliniana'' )
*''Geocarpon cumberlandense
''Geocarpon cumberlandense'' is a rare species of flowering plant in the pink family known by the common names Cumberland stitchwort and Cumberland sandwort. It is endemic to the Cumberland Plateau near the Big South Fork of the Cumberland River ...
'' – Cumberland sandwort (as ''Minuartia cumberlandensis'' )
*''Geocarpon glabrum
''Geocarpon glabrum'', commonly called Appalachian stichwort, is a species of flowering plant in the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae). It is native to the eastern United States, where it has a scattered distribution.
Its natural habitat is are ...
'' – Appalachian sandwort (as ''Minuartia glabra'' )
*''Geocarpon groenlandicum
''Geocarpon groenlandicum'', the Greenland stitchwort or mountain stitchwort,
Appalachian stitchwort, mountain sandwort, smooth mountain sandwort, and smooth sandwort is a rare perennial[Geocarpon nuttallii
''Geocarpon'' is a genus of flowering plants in the carnation family, Caryophyllaceae. It includes seven species native to North America, from the eastern subarctic (including Greenland) through the eastern, southeastern, and central United State ...]
'' – Drummond's sandwort (as ''Minuartia nuttallii'' and ''M. drummondii'' )
*''Geocarpon uniflorum
''Geocarpon uniflorum'', the one-flower stitchwort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is native to the Southeastern United States where it is primarily found in the Piedmont
Piedmont ( ; ; ) is one of the 2 ...
'' (as ''Minuartia uniflora'' )
*'' Mcneillia graminifolia'' (as ''Minuartia graminifolia'' )
*'' Pseudocherleria macrocarpa'' – longpod sandwort (as ''Minuartia macrocarpa'' )
*'' Sabulina austromontana'' – Columbian sandwort (as ''Minuartia austromontana'' )
*'' Sabulina californica'' – California sandwort (as ''Minuartia californica'' )
*'' Sabulina cismontana'' (as ''Minuartia cismontana'' )
*'' Sabulina dawsonensis'' – rock sandwort (as ''Minuartia dawsonensis'' )
*'' Sabulina decumbens'' – Lassicus sandwort (as ''Minuartia decumbens'' )
*'' Sabulina douglasii'' – Douglas' sandwort (as ''Minuartia douglasii'' )
*'' Sabulina elegans'' (as ''Minuartia elegans'' )
*'' Sabulina howellii'' – Howell's sandwort (as ''Minuartia howellii'' )
*'' Sabulina juniperina'' (as ''Minuartia juniperina''
*'' Sabulina macra'' – slender sandwort (as ''Minuartia tenella'' )
*'' Sabulina macrantha'' – House's sandwort or threadbranch sandwort (as ''M. macrantha'' and ''M. filiorum'' )
*'' Sabulina michauxii'' – rock sandwort (as ''Minuartia michauxii'' )
*'' Sabulina muscorum'' – Dixie sandwort (as ''Minuartia muscorum'' )
*'' Sabulina nuttallii'' – Nuttall's sandwort (as ''Minuartia nuttallii'' )
*'' Sabulina paludicola'' – Godfrey's sandwort (as ''Minuartia godfreyi'' )
*'' Sabulina patula'' – pitcher's sandwort (as ''Minuartia patula'' )
*'' Sabulina pusilla'' – annual sandwort (as ''Minuartia pusilla'' )
*'' Sabulina rosei'' – peanut sandwort (as ''Minuartia rosei'' )
*'' Sabulina rossii'' – Ross' sandwort (as ''Minuartia rossii'' )
*'' Sabulina rubella'' (as ''Minuartia rubella'' )
*'' Sabulina stolonifera'' (as ''Minuartia stolonifera'' )
*'' Sabulina stricta'' – bog sandwort (as ''Minuartia stricta'' )
*'' Sabulina verna'' – spring sandwort (as ''Minuartia verna'' )
*'' Sabulina viscosa'' (as ''Minuartia viscosa'' )
References
{{Authority control
Caryophyllaceae genera