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The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is a political party in the U.S. state of
Minnesota Minnesota ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Upper Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario to the north and east and by the U.S. states of Wisconsin to the east, Iowa to the so ...
affiliated with the national Democratic Party. The party was formed by a merger between the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1944. The DFL is one of two state Democratic Party affiliates with a different name from that of the national party, the other being the neighboring North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party. The DFL controls four of Minnesota's eight U.S. House seats, both of its U.S. Senate seats, the
Minnesota Senate The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the Minnesota Legislature, Legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any State legislature (Unite ...
, and all other statewide offices, including the governorship, making it the dominant party in the state. Its main political rival is the
Republican Party of Minnesota The Republican Party of Minnesota is the state affiliate of the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party in Minnesota and the oldest active political party in the state. Founded in 1855, the party is headquartered in Edina, Minnesota, E ...
.


History

During the 1930s, the Farmer–Labor Party had gained traction with radical platforms that challenged economic and social inequalities, backed by Governor Floyd B. Olson. However, by 1938, the party's influence waned due to internal conflicts and accusations of incompetence and corruption, leading to a loss in gubernatorial elections. On April 15, 1944, the Farmer–Labor Party merged with the Minnesota Democratic Party, forming the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL). Leading the merger effort were Elmer Kelm, the head of the Minnesota Democratic Party and the founding
chairman The chair, also chairman, chairwoman, or chairperson, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the gro ...
of the DFL; Elmer Benson, effectively the head of the Farmer–Labor Party by virtue of his leadership of its dominant left-wing faction; and rising star Hubert H. Humphrey, who chaired the Fusion Committee that accomplished the union and then went on to chair its first state convention."DEMOCRATIC-FARMER-LABOR PARTY." n.d. Minnesota Historical Society. Accessed May 26, 2023. http://www2.mnhs.org/library/findaids/00586.xml . This merger marked a pivotal shift influenced by academic liberals at the
University of Minnesota The University of Minnesota Twin Cities (historically known as University of Minnesota) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint ...
who advocated for integrating the New Deal's progressive reforms within a more centralized, managerial political framework, transitioning from the movement-oriented politics of the Farmer-Labor party to a structure that emphasized interest-group pluralism. During the post-war years, the DFL confronted various social issues, including
antisemitism Antisemitism or Jew-hatred is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who harbours it is called an antisemite. Whether antisemitism is considered a form of racism depends on the school of thought. Antisemi ...
, which reflected broader national conversations about race and ethnicity. The DFL also navigated with its stance on
civil rights Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' political freedom, freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and ...
and economic justice, influenced significantly by Minnesota's small but politically active
African American African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from an ...
communities. In early 1946, as a Fair Employment Practice (FEPC) bill was moving through Congress, there was a surge of civil rights activism in the Twin Cities. Factional battles were intensified by differing views on how to address the left-wing influence within the party, with significant conflicts between proponents of Henry A. Wallace's progressive policies and the more moderate wing led by figures like Hubert Humphrey. By the party's second convention in 1946, tensions had re-emerged between members of the two former parties. While the majority of delegates supported left-wing policies, Humphrey managed to install a more conservative, anti-communist ally, Orville Freeman, as party secretary. Some disaffected Farmer–Labor leaders such as Benson moved to the Progressive Party. Freeman was elected the state's first DFL governor in 1954. Important members of the party have included Humphrey and
Walter Mondale Walter Frederick "Fritz" Mondale (January 5, 1928April 19, 2021) was the 42nd vice president of the United States serving from 1977 to 1981 under President Jimmy Carter. He previously served as a U.S. senator from Minnesota from 1964 to 1976. ...
, who each went on to be United States senators, vice presidents of the United States, and unsuccessful Democratic nominees for president; Eugene McCarthy, a U.S. senator who ran for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1968 as an
anti-Vietnam War Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War began in 1965 with demonstrations against the escalating role of the United States in the Vietnam War, United States in the war. Over the next several years, these demonstrations grew ...
candidate; Paul Wellstone, a U.S. senator from 1991 to 2002 who became an icon of populist
progressivism Progressivism is a Left-right political spectrum, left-leaning political philosophy and Reformism, reform political movement, movement that seeks to advance the human condition through social reform. Adherents hold that progressivism has unive ...
; Amy Klobuchar, a U.S. senator who ran for the Democratic nomination for president in 2020; Dean Phillips, a U.S. representative who ran for the Democratic nomination for president in 2024; and Tim Walz, two-term governor chosen as
Kamala Harris Kamala Devi Harris ( ; born October 20, 1964) is an American politician and attorney who served as the 49th vice president of the United States from 2021 to 2025 under President Joe Biden. She is the first female, first African American, and ...
' running mate in the 2024 presidential election. The DFL has had varied success beginning in the late 1970s and through the late 2010s, in part due to the growth of single-issue splinter groups after reforms brought by the national party. Following the 2022 Minnesota elections, the DFL became the dominant party in the state, retaining every executive office, winning majorities in the state
House A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry, concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air c ...
and
Senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...
, and re-electing all incumbent congressional representatives. With their newly elected
trifecta Trifecta A trifecta is a parimutuel bet placed on a horse race in which the bettor must predict which horses will finish first, second, and third, in the exact order. Known as a trifecta in the US and Australia, this is known as a tricast in ...
, the DFL pursued a progressive agenda in their first legislative session. Governor Tim Walz described the session as "the most successful legislative session, certainly in many of our lifetimes and maybe in Minnesota history." The newly elected government passed large expansions in welfare programs and spending. Notable policies passed include the expansion of abortion rights, new programs to provide reproductive healthcare, protection of gender affirming care, the legalization of recreational cannabis, indexing education spending to inflation, investments in public transit, and paid sick leave for Minnesota workers. Former president
Barack Obama Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who was the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American president in American history. O ...
praised the state government's actions, saying that "Minnesota has made progress on a whole host of issues – from protecting abortion rights and new gun safety measures to expanding access to the ballot and reducing child poverty. These laws will make a real difference in the lives of Minnesotans."


Party organization

The DFL is governed by a state central committee, which is composed of representatives from each of the state's congressional districts. The state central committee is responsible for setting the party's platform, electing party officers, and conducting other party business. The DFL also has a
constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity, and commonly determines how that entity is to be governed. When these pri ...
and bylaws that govern its operations.


Community caucuses

The party operates several community caucuses that organize and represent different communities within Minnesota; they not defined geographically. These include the: * African American Caucus, which organizes
African Americans African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa ...
. * Asian Pacific American Caucus, which organizes
Asian Americans Asian Americans are Americans with Asian diaspora, ancestry from the continent of Asia (including naturalized Americans who are Immigration to the United States, immigrants from specific regions in Asia and descendants of those immigrants). A ...
and
Pacific Islander Americans Pacific Islander Americans (also colloquially referred to as Islander Americans) are Americans who are of Pacific Islander ancestry (or are descendants of the Indigenous peoples of Oceania). For its purposes, the United States census also coun ...
. * Disability Caucus, which advocates for Minnesotans with
disabilities Disability is the experience of any condition that makes it more difficult for a person to do certain activities or have equitable access within a given society. Disabilities may be cognitive, developmental, intellectual, mental, physica ...
. * Environmental Caucus, which advocates for
environmental protection Environmental protection, or environment protection, refers to the taking of measures to protecting the natural environment, prevent pollution and maintain ecological balance. Action may be taken by individuals, advocacy groups and governments. ...
and
sustainability Sustainability is a social goal for people to co-exist on Earth over a long period of time. Definitions of this term are disputed and have varied with literature, context, and time. Sustainability usually has three dimensions (or pillars): env ...
. * Feminist Caucus, which advocates for
feminist Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideology, ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social gender equality, equality of the sexes. Feminism holds the position that modern soci ...
and women's issues. * Hmong American Caucus, which organizes Hmong Americans, the largest Asian American group in Minnesota. * Latino Caucus ( Spanish: ''Movimiento'') which organizes Latino Americans. * Minnesota Young DFL, which organizes young people. * Muslim Caucus, which organizes
Muslims Muslims () are people who adhere to Islam, a Monotheism, monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God ...
, who make up between 1–2% of the state. * Native People's Caucus, which organizes and supports Native Americans and tribal communities. * Progressive Caucus, which advocates for progressive policies and opposes " corporate money in politics". * Rural Caucus, which supports the state's rural communities. * Senior Caucus, which advocates for the interests of
senior citizens Old age is the range of ages for people nearing and surpassing life expectancy. People who are of old age are also referred to as: old people, elderly, elders, senior citizens, seniors or older adults. Old age is not a definite biological sta ...
. * Somali American Caucus, which organizes
Somali Americans Somali Americans are Americans of Somali ancestry. The first ethnic Somalis to arrive in the U.S. were sailors who came in the 1920s from British Somaliland. They were followed by students pursuing higher studies in the 1960s and 1970s, by the la ...
, who make up over 1% of the state's population. * Stonewall DFL, which organizes LGBTQ+ Minnesotans. * Veterans Caucus, which organizes
veteran A veteran () is a person who has significant experience (and is usually adept and esteemed) and expertise in an job, occupation or Craft, field. A military veteran is a person who is no longer serving in the military, armed forces. A topic o ...
s and their families.


Voter base

The DFL's base of support is diverse, and it includes urban and suburban voters,
working class The working class is a subset of employees who are compensated with wage or salary-based contracts, whose exact membership varies from definition to definition. Members of the working class rely primarily upon earnings from wage labour. Most c ...
voters,
labor unions A trade union (British English) or labor union (American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers whose purpose is to maintain or improve the conditions of their employment, such as attaining better wages ...
,
environmentalist Environmentalism is a broad Philosophy of life, philosophy, ideology, and social movement about supporting life, habitats, and surroundings. While environmentalism focuses more on the environmental and nature-related aspects of Green politics, g ...
s, and other progressive groups. The party has a strong presence in the Twin Cities metropolitan area. The DFL has lost support in traditional DFL strongholds such as the Iron Range since 2016.


Current elected officials


Federal


U.S. Senate

* Senior senator: Amy Klobuchar (since 2007) * Junior senator: Tina Smith (since 2018)


U.S. House of Representatives

Out of the eight seats Minnesota is apportioned in the U.S. House of Representatives, four are held by members of the DFL. * 2nd district: Angie Craig (since 2019) * 3rd district: Kelly Morrison (since 2025) * 4th district: Betty McCollum (since 2001) * 5th district: Ilhan Omar (since 2019)


State


Statewide

*
Governor A governor is an politician, administrative leader and head of a polity or Region#Political regions, political region, in some cases, such as governor-general, governors-general, as the head of a state's official representative. Depending on the ...
: Tim Walz (since 2019) * Lieutenant Governor: (since 2019) * Secretary of State: Steve Simon (since 2015) * State Auditor: (since 2019) *
Attorney General In most common law jurisdictions, the attorney general (: attorneys general) or attorney-general (AG or Atty.-Gen) is the main legal advisor to the government. In some jurisdictions, attorneys general also have executive responsibility for law enf ...
: (since 2019)


State legislative leaders

*
President of the Senate President of the Senate is a title often given to the presiding officer of a senate. It corresponds to the Speaker (politics), speaker in some other assemblies. The senate president often ranks high in a jurisdiction's Order of succession, succes ...
: Bobby Joe Champion (since 2023) * Senate majority leader: Erin Murphy (since 2023)


Municipal


Mayors

*
Minneapolis Minneapolis is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States, and its county seat. With a population of 429,954 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the state's List of cities in Minnesota, most populous city. Locat ...
(
list A list is a Set (mathematics), set of discrete items of information collected and set forth in some format for utility, entertainment, or other purposes. A list may be memorialized in any number of ways, including existing only in the mind of t ...
):
Jacob Frey Jacob Lawrence Frey ( ; born July 23, 1981) is an American politician and attorney who has served as the mayor of Minneapolis, Minnesota since 2018. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party, he served on the Minneapolis City ...
(since 2018) (1) * Saint Paul (
list A list is a Set (mathematics), set of discrete items of information collected and set forth in some format for utility, entertainment, or other purposes. A list may be memorialized in any number of ways, including existing only in the mind of t ...
): Melvin Carter (since 2018) (2) *
Duluth Duluth ( ) is a Port, port city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of St. Louis County, Minnesota, St. Louis County. Located on Lake Superior in Minnesota's Arrowhead Region, the city is a hub for cargo shipping. The population ...
(
list A list is a Set (mathematics), set of discrete items of information collected and set forth in some format for utility, entertainment, or other purposes. A list may be memorialized in any number of ways, including existing only in the mind of t ...
):
Roger Reinert Roger Jonathon Reinert (born July 22, 1970) is an American politician, 40th mayor of Duluth, Minnesota, and member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL). He served in the Minnesota House of Representatives, Minnesota House from ...
(since 2024) (5)


Leadership


Current

* Chair: Richard Carlbom (since 2025) * Vice chair: Marge Hoffa (since 2011) * Second vice chair: Shivanthi Sathanandan (since 2021) * Treasurer: Lindy Sowmick (since 2025) * Secretary: Ceri Everett (since 2021) * Outreach officer: Quentin Wathum-Ocama (since 2025)


Historical party chairs

Through 1975, the party's constitution called for the election of a separate chairman and chairwoman to head state party activities. Only the chairman received compensation. In the mid-1970s, the party voted to change the titles of the chief party offices to chair and associate chair, specifying that they must both be salaried and must be of the opposite sex.


State chairmen

* Elmer Kelm (1944–1946) * Harold Barker (1946–1948) * Orville Freeman (1948–1950) * Karl Rolvaag (1950–1954) * Ray Hemenway (1954–1960) * Adrian Winkel (1960–1961) * George Farr (1961–1967) * Warren Spannaus (1967–1969) * Richard Moe (1969–1972) * Hank Fischer (1972–1975)


State chairwomen

* Ione Hunt (1948–1950) * Dorothy Jacobson (1950–1956) * Anne Vetter (1956–1958) * Geri Joseph (1958–1960) * Evelyn Malone (1960–1962) * Pat St. Angelo (1962–1963) * Betty Kane (1963–1968) * Koryne Horbal (1968–1972)


State chairs

* Koryne Horbal (1968–1977) * Claire Rumpel (1978–1979) * Mike Hatch (1980–1983) * Mary Monahan (1983–1985) * Ruth Stanoch (1985–1989) * Todd Otis (1990–1993) * Rick Stafford (1993–1995) * Mark Andrew (1995–1997) * Richard Senese (1997–1999) * Mike Erlandson (1999–2005) * Brian Melendez (2005–2011) * Ken Martin (2011–2025) * Richard Carlbom (2025–present)


Electoral history


Federal


U.S. Senate


U.S. House


State


Governor


Minnesota Senate


Minnesota House


See also

* List of political parties in Minnesota * Political party strength in Minnesota * Politics of Minnesota


References


Further reading

* Delton, Jennifer A. ''Making Minnesota Liberal: Civil Rights and the Transformation of the Democratic Party''. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002. * Haynes, John Earl. "Farm Coops and the Election of Hubert Humphrey to the Senate". '' Agricultural History'' 57, no. 2 (Fall 1983). * Haynes, John Earl. ''Dubious Alliance: The Making of Minnesota's DFL Party''. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984. * Henrickson, Gary P. ''Minnesota in the "McCarthy" Period: 1946–1954''. Ph.D. diss.
University of Minnesota The University of Minnesota Twin Cities (historically known as University of Minnesota) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint ...
, 1981. * Lebedoff, David. ''The 21st Ballot: A Political Party Struggle in Minnesota''. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1969. * Lebedoff, David. ''Ward Number Six''. New York: Scribner, 1972. Discusses the entry of radicals into the DFL party in 1968. *


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party Democratic Party (United States) by state Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party Political parties established in 1944 1944 establishments in Minnesota