Milton Wainwright
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Milton Wainwright (born 23 February 1950) is a British
microbiologist A microbiologist (from Greek ) is a scientist who studies microscopic life forms and processes. This includes study of the growth, interactions and characteristics of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, algae, fungi, and some types of par ...
who is known for his research into what he claims could be
extraterrestrial life Extraterrestrial life, or alien life (colloquially, aliens), is life that originates from another world rather than on Earth. No extraterrestrial life has yet been scientifically conclusively detected. Such life might range from simple forms ...
found in the
stratosphere The stratosphere () is the second-lowest layer of the atmosphere of Earth, located above the troposphere and below the mesosphere. The stratosphere is composed of stratified temperature zones, with the warmer layers of air located higher ...
.


Biography

Wainwright graduated from the
University of Nottingham The University of Nottingham is a public research university in Nottingham, England. It was founded as University College Nottingham in 1881, and was granted a royal charter in 1948. Nottingham's main campus (University Park Campus, Nottingh ...
in the field of
botany Botany, also called plant science, is the branch of natural science and biology studying plants, especially Plant anatomy, their anatomy, Plant taxonomy, taxonomy, and Plant ecology, ecology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who s ...
. He obtained a PhD from the same university in the field of
mycology Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungus, fungi, including their Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy, genetics, biochemistry, biochemical properties, and ethnomycology, use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, Edible ...
. From 1974 to 1975 he went to the
National Research Council of Canada The National Research Council Canada (NRC; ) is the primary national agency of the Government of Canada dedicated to science and technology research and development. It is the largest federal research and development organization in Canada. Th ...
as postdoctoral fellow, where he obtained a qualification in
environmental microbiology ''Environmental Microbiology'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal focused on microbial interactions and microbial processes in the environment. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell. Until January 2024, it was an official journal of the S ...
. From 1975 to 1986, he was a lecturer in microbiology at the
University of Sheffield The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public university, public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Fir ...
.


Research

Wainwright's interests are in
astrobiology Astrobiology (also xenology or exobiology) is a scientific field within the List of life sciences, life and environmental sciences that studies the abiogenesis, origins, Protocell, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the univ ...
and the
history of science The history of science covers the development of science from ancient history, ancient times to the present. It encompasses all three major branches of science: natural science, natural, social science, social, and formal science, formal. Pr ...
. In 2008, he claimed that the idea of
natural selection Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the Heredity, heritable traits characteristic of a population over generation ...
is not original to
Charles Darwin Charles Robert Darwin ( ; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English Natural history#Before 1900, naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all speci ...
's or
Alfred Russel Wallace Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) was an English naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist and illustrator. He independently conceived the theory of evolution through natural selection; his 1858 pap ...
's theory. Also, he has claimed that the red rain in Kerala is a biological entity. Wainwright has also written widely about the history of the discovery of
penicillin Penicillins (P, PCN or PEN) are a group of beta-lactam antibiotic, β-lactam antibiotics originally obtained from ''Penicillium'' Mold (fungus), moulds, principally ''Penicillium chrysogenum, P. chrysogenum'' and ''Penicillium rubens, P. ru ...
(including that
Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his suicide in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the lea ...
’s life was saved by the drug) and
streptomycin Streptomycin is an antibiotic medication used to treat a number of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, ''Mycobacterium avium'' complex, endocarditis, brucellosis, Burkholderia infection, ''Burkholderia'' i ...
and on the hypothesis that bacteria and other non-virus microbes cause cancer. In the 1980s Wainwright interviewed
Rutgers University Rutgers University ( ), officially Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, is a Public university, public land-grant research university consisting of three campuses in New Jersey. Chartered in 1766, Rutgers was originally called Queen's C ...
faculty members for his 1990 book on antibiotics, ''Miracle Cure'', asking questions about Albert Schatz, which piqued the curiosity of some professors, who made their own inquiries and spoke with Schatz. A group of them began to lobby for Schatz's rehabilitation, because they were convinced that Schatz had been the victim of an injustice when the 1952
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine () is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine. The Nobel Prize is not a single prize, but five separate prizes that, acco ...
was awarded solely to
Selman Waksman Selman Abraham Waksman (July 22, 1888 – August 16, 1973) was a Russian-born American inventor, biochemist and microbiologist, whose research into the decomposition of organisms that live in soil enabled the discovery of streptomycin and severa ...
. This culminated in Rutgers awarding Schatz the 1994
Rutgers University Medal Rutgers University ( ), officially Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, is a public land-grant research university consisting of three campuses in New Jersey. Chartered in 1766, Rutgers was originally called Queen's College and was affi ...
, the university's highest honor. Wainwright identifies as an
agnostic Agnosticism is the view or belief that the existence of God, the divine, or the supernatural is either unknowable in principle or unknown in fact. (page 56 in 1967 edition) It can also mean an apathy towards such religious belief and refer to ...
."Milton Wainwright"
British Centre for Science Education The British Centre for Science Education (BCSE) is a volunteer-run organization in the United Kingdom that has the goal of "countering creationism within the UK" and was formed to campaign against the teaching of creationism in schools. Activitie ...
.


Books

* *


Honours and awards

*Honorary Professor,
Cardiff University Cardiff University () is a public research university in Cardiff, Wales. It was established in 1883 as the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire and became a founding college of the University of Wales in 1893. It was renamed Unive ...
, Great Britain, 2009 *Honorary Professor,
King Saud University King Saud University (KSU, ) is a public university in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Established in 1957 by King Saud bin Abdulalziz to address the country's skilled worker shortage, it is the first university in Saudi Arabia. It was known as Riyadh U ...
, Saudi Arabia, 2010 *Honorary Professor and Fellow of the Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology,
University of Buckingham The University of Buckingham (UB) is a non-profit private university#United Kingdom, private university in Buckingham, England, and the oldest of the country's six private universities. It was founded as the University College at Buckingham (U ...
, Great Britain, 2012


Articles

* *Shivaji, S., Chaturvedi, P., Kuresh, K., Redy, C.B.S., Wainwright, M. ''et al''. (2006). ''Bacillus aerius sp. nov. isolated from cryogenic tubes used for collecting air samples from high altitudes''. ''International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology'' 56,1465–1473. *Wainwright, M. (2008). ''Some highlights in the history of mycology—a personal journey''. ''Fungal Biology Reviews'', 7, 2297–102. *Wainwright, M., Leswd, A. and Alshammari, F. (2009). ''Bacteria in amber coal and clay in relation to lithopanspermia''. ''International Journal of Astrobiology'' 8,141–143. *Wainwright, M. (2010). ''The overlooked link between non-virus microbes and cancer''. ''Science Progress'' 93, 393–40. *Wainwright, M. (2002). ''Do fungi play a role in the aetiology of cancer?'' ''Reviews of Medical Microbiology'' 13, 1–6. *Wainwright, M. (2006). ''The potential role of non-virus microorganisms in cancer''. ''Current Trends in Microbiology'' 2, 48–59. * *Wainwright, M. (2011). ''Charles Darwin mycologist and refuter of his own myth''. ''Fungi'' 4, 12–20. *Wainwright, M. (1991). ''Streptomycin: discovery and resultant controversy''. ''Journal of the History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences'' 13, 97–124. *Wainwright, M. and Swan, H.T. (1986). ''C.G. Paine and the earliest surviving clinical record of penicillin therapy''. ''Medical History'' 30, 42–56.


See also

*
Panspermia Panspermia () is the hypothesis that life exists throughout the universe, distributed by space dust, meteoroids, asteroids, comets, and planetoids, as well as by spacecraft carrying unintended contamination by microorganisms,Forward planetary c ...
* Chandra Wickramasinghe


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Wainwright, Milton British microbiologists Living people 1950 births Alumni of the University of Nottingham Academics of the University of Sheffield Astrobiologists