textbook
A textbook is a book containing a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch of study with the intention of explaining it. Textbooks are produced to meet the needs of educators, usually at educational institutions. Schoolbooks are textboo ...
for a specified
musical instrument
A musical instrument is a device created or adapted to make musical sounds. In principle, any object that produces sound can be considered a musical instrument—it is through purpose that the object becomes a musical instrument. A person who pl ...
or a selected problem of playing a certain instrument.
A ''method'' usually contains fingering charts or
tablature
Tablature (or tabulature, or tab for short) is a form of musical notation indicating instrument fingering rather than musical pitches.
Tablature is common for fretted stringed instruments such as the guitar, lute or vihuela, as well as many fr ...
s, etc.,
scales
Scale or scales may refer to:
Mathematics
* Scale (descriptive set theory), an object defined on a set of points
* Scale (ratio), the ratio of a linear dimension of a model to the corresponding dimension of the original
* Scale factor, a number ...
and numerous different
exercise
Exercise is a body activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness.
It is performed for various reasons, to aid growth and improve strength, develop muscles and the cardiovascular system, hone athletic s ...
s, sometimes also simple etudes, in different keys, in ascending order as to difficulty (= in methodical ''progression'') or with a focus on isolated aspects like fluency,
rhythm
Rhythm (from Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed ...
recital
A concert is a live music performance in front of an audience. The performance may be by a single musician, sometimes then called a recital, or by a musical ensemble, such as an orchestra, choir, or band. Concerts are held in a wide variety a ...
pieces, also with accompaniment. Such methods differ from etude books in that they are meant as a linear course for a student to follow, with consistent guidance, whereas volumes of etudes are not as comprehensive.
As typical instrumental methods are meant to function as textbooks supporting an instrumental teacher (rather than to facilitate self-teaching), usually no basic or special playing techniques are covered in any depth. Detailed instructions in this respect are only found in special, autodidactical methods.
Some methods are especially tailored for students on certain
skill
A skill is the learned ability to act with determined results with good execution often within a given amount of time, energy, or both. Skills can often be divided into domain-general and domain-specific skills. For example, in the domain of w ...
levels or stages of psychosocial development. In contrast, a 'complete' method (sometimes in multiple volumes) is meant to accompany the student until he or she becomes an advanced player.
Methods of certain authors or editors have achieved the status of standard works (reflecting regional and cultural differences) and are published or reissued by different publishing companies and in diverse (new)
arrangement
In music, an arrangement is a musical adaptation of an existing composition. Differences from the original composition may include reharmonization, melodic paraphrasing, orchestration, or formal development. Arranging differs from orchestr ...
s. The
Suzuki Method
The Suzuki method is a music curriculum and teaching philosophy dating from the mid-20th century, created by Japanese violinist and pedagogue Shinichi Suzuki (1898–1998). The method aims to create an environment for learning music which para ...
is probably the most well known example of this.
The following is a list of various methods of historical interest.
* Araldi, Giuseppe. ''Methodo per tromba a chiavi et a macchina''. (1835)
* Arban, Jean-Baptiste. '' Method for the cornet . (1864)
* Arbuckle, Matthew. ''Complete cornet method''. (1866)
* Brett, Harry. ''The cornet''. (1888)
* Brulon, Adolphe. ''Méthode de cornet à deux et à trois pistons''. (1854)
* Canti, Antonio. ''Metodo per cornetto flugelhorn in si bemòlle e per flugel basso''. (1892)
* Clarke, Herbert Lincoln. '' Clarke's Elementary Studies for Cornet''. (1909)
* Clarke, Herbert Lincoln. ''Clarke's Technical Studies for Cornet''. (1912)
* Clarke, Herbert Lincoln. ''Clarke's Characteristic Studies for Cornet''. (1915)
* Clodomir, Pierre François. ''Méthode élémetaire de cornet à pistons''. (1870)
* Dauverné, François Georges Auguste. ''Methode de trompette à pistons''. (1835)
* Dauverné, François Georges Auguste. ''Méthode théorique et pratique du cornet à pistons ou cylindres''. (1846)
* Dauverné, François Georges Auguste. ''Méthode pour la trompette''. (1857)
* Foraboschi Giuseppe. ''A new and complete instruction book for the trumpet''. (1828)
* Forestier, Joseph. ''Method pour le cornet à pistons''. (1834)
* Guichard, Michel. ''Grande méthode''. (1864)
* Hoch, Theodor. ''Tutor for the cornet''. (1880)
* Hofmann, Richard. ''Schule für althorn oder es-cornet''. (1885)
* Howe, Elias. ''New cornet instructor''. (1860)
* Kastner, Jean Georges. ''Metodo elementare per cornetto (o flicorno) a due e tre pistoni''. (1892)
* Kosleck, Julius. ''Grosse Schule für cornet a piston''.
* Kresser, Joseph Gebhardt. ''Methode pour la trompette''.
* Kueffner, Joseph. ''Principes elementaires''.
* Langey, Otto. ''Celebrated tutors: b-flat cornet''. (1899)
* Mariscotti, Luigi. ''Nouvelle méthode complete de cornet à pistons''. (1837)
* Roy, Eugene. . (1824)
* Ryan, Sidney. ''True cornet instructor''. (1874)
* Saint-Jacome, Louis. ''Grand method for the cornet''. (1894)
* Schlossberg, Max. ''Daily Drills and Technical Studies for Trumpet''. (1937)
* Sedgwick, Alfred. ''Complete method for the cornet''. (1873)
* Sinsolliez, Ainé. ''Méthode complète de cornet à trois pistons''. (1848)
* Sussmann, Heinrich. ''Neue theoretisch practische trompeten-schule''. (1859)
* Weber, Carl. ''The premier method for cornet''. (1896)
* Winner, Septimus. ''The ideal method for the cornet''. (1882)
* Wurm, Wilhelm. ''Method for cornet à pistons''. (1893)
* Clementi, Muzio. ''Introduction to the art of playing on the pianoforte''. (1801)
* Cramer, Johann Baptist. ''Instructions for the pianoforte''. (1810)
* Czerny, Carl. ''Complete theoretical and practical pianoforte school, Op. 500''. (1838)
* Dussek, Jan Ladislav. ''Instructions on the art of playing the piano forte or harpsichord''. (1796)
* Herz, Henri. ''Méthode''. (1838)
* Hummel, Johann Nepomuk. ''Ausführliche theoretisch-practische Anweisung zum Piano-Forte-Spiel''. (1828)
* Philipp, Isidore. ''Complete school of Technic for the Piano''.
* Pollini, Francesco. ''Methodo del clavicembelo''. (1811)
* Rimbault, Edward Francis. ''A child's first instruction book for the piano forte''. (1839)
* Safonov, Vasily Ilyich. ''New Formula for the Piano Teacher and Piano Student''. (1916)
*
Daniel Gottlob Türk
Daniel Gottlob Türk (10 August 1750 – 26 August 1813) was a German composer, organist, and music professor of the Classical period.
Biography
Born in Claußnitz, Saxony, Türk studied organ under his father and later under Johann Adam Hill ...
L'art de toucher le clavecin
''L'art de toucher le clavecin'' (English: ''The Art of Playing the Harpsichord'') is a didactic treatise by the French composer François Couperin. It was first published in 1716, and was followed by a revised edition in 1717.
The treatise wa ...
Justin Holland
Justin Holland (July 26, 1819 – March 24, 1887) was an American classical guitarist, a music teacher, a community leader, a black man who worked with white people to help slaves on the Underground Railroad, and an activist for equal rights for ...
Edgar Bara
Edgar Bara (1876–1962) was a mandolinist, author and composer. He wrote the method book ''Méthode de Mandoline et Banjoline'', published 1903 in the United States, one of the few from that era which is still in print today, in France. He was ...
. ''Méthode de Mandoline et Banjoline'' (1903). Still in print.
*
Bartolomeo Bortolazzi
Bartolomeo Bortolazzi (born Toscolano-Maderno 1772; died 1846) was a performing musician, composer, author, and virtuoso of both the guitar and the mandolin. He was credited by music historian Philip J. Bone as helping to pull the mandolin out o ...
. Method in German, ''Anweisung die Mandoline von selbst zu erlernen nebst einigen Uebungsstucken von Bortolazzi'' (1805)
*
Giuseppe Bellenghi
Giuseppe Bellenghi (1847 in Bologna – 17 October 1902 in Florence) was a virtuoso violoncellist and mandolinist, and composer. He was remembered in 1914 as "a devoted champion of the mandolin."
Bellinghi studied violoncello under "several wel ...
. ''Method for the mandolin in three parts'' (Pub in French, English, Italian, German), ''La ginnastica del mandolino'', ''Ascending and descending major and minor scales in all positions for the mandolin''
*
Giuseppe Branzoli
Giuseppe Branzoli (1835 in Cento – 21 January 1909, in Rome) was a violinist, mandolinist, composer, author, educator at the Liceo Musicale di St. Cecilia in Rome, and the founder of the periodical ''IL mandolin Romano''. His compositions we ...
. ''A Theoretical and practical method for the mandolin'' (1875, 2nd edition 1890)
*
Ferdinando de Cristofaro
Ferdinando de Cristofaro (1846 – 18 April 1890) was one of the most celebrated mandolin virtuosi of the late 19th Century. He was also a classical pianist, teacher, author and composer, who performed at the chief courts of Europe, and receive ...
. ''Méthode de mandolin'' (Paris, 1884) English, French, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish versions
* Giovanni Cifolelli. ''Method for the mandolin'' (date unknown, estimated 1760s)
*
Carlo Curti
Carlo Curti (May 6, 1859 – 1926), also known as Carlos Curti, was an Italian musician, composer and bandleader. He moved to the United States whose most lasting contribution to American society was popularizing the mandolin in American music b ...
. ''Complete Method for the Mandolin'' (1896) English.
*
Pietro Denis
Pietro Denis (1720–1790), also known as Pierre Denis, was a French mandolin virtuoso and teacher, and composer. He studied under Giuliano in Naples and established himself in Paris. He is best known for his compositions Sonata
Sonata (; I ...
. ''Méthode pour apprendre à jouer de la mandoline sans Maître'' (1768, French)
*
George H. Hucke
George H. Hucke (1868 – 20 March 1903) was a musician, playing both violin and mandolin, and he became one of the most popular English composers for the mandolin.Carmine de Laurentiis. Method for the Mandolin (Milan, 1869 or 1874)
*
Salvador Leonardi
Salvador, meaning "salvation" (or "saviour") in Catalan, Spanish, and Portuguese may refer to:
* Salvador (name)
Arts, entertainment, and media Music
* Salvador (band), a Christian band that plays both English and Spanish music
** ''Salvador'' ( ...
Carlo Munier
Carlo Munier (1858–1911) was an Italian musician who advocated for the mandolin's acknowledgement among as an instrument of classical music and focused on "raising and ennobling the mandolin and plectrum instruments". He wanted "great masters" ...
. ''Scuola del mandolino'' (1895)
*
Jean Pietrapertosa
Jean Pietrapertosa (1855–1940) was a composer and virtuoso of the mandolin who performed in Paris in the 1880s. He taught the mandolin and wrote a two-volume mandolin method book, ''Méthode de mandolin'', published in Paris in 1892. He also ...
. ''Méthode de mandolin'' (1892) In French and English sections in same book
* Janvier Pietrapertosa Fils ''Méthode de mandolin ou banjoline'' (1903)
*
Giuseppe Pettine
Giuseppe Pettine (born ''Giuseppe Antonio Luigi Pettine''; in Isernia, Italy, 13 February 1874 – 1966) was an Italian-American concert mandolinist, teacher, and composer.
Early life and career
Pettine started to study the mandolin with Camill ...
. ''Pettine's Modern Mandolin School'' (c. 1900)
* Silvio Ranieri. ''L'Art de la Mandoline in 4 Bänden, Die Kunst des Mandolinspiels, in 5 Sprachen (französich, deutsch, englisch, italienisch und holländisch)''
*
Samuel Siegel
Samuel Siegel (born 1875, Des Moines, Iowa — died January 14, 1948, Los Angeles, California) was an American mandolin virtuoso and composer who played mandolin on 29 records for Victor Records, including 9 pieces of his own composition and two ...
Music education
Music education is a field of practice in which educators are trained for careers as elementary or secondary music teachers, school or music conservatory ensemble directors. Music education is also a research area in which scholars do origin ...
References
"International Music Score Library Project." (Website)
"Slide trombone methods." (List)
(Article)
* Anzenberger, Friedrich (List at archive.org)
* Ginsburg, Lev. ''History of the violoncello''. Neptune City, New Jersey: Paganiniana Publications, 1983.
* Hoeprich, Eric. ''The clarinet''. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.
* Kimball, Will. ''Trombone''. 2008. 19th century
* Nelson, Kayla "hornhistory.com". 2007. (Website)
* Rosen, Lawrence, Ed. ''CD Sheet Music''. Verona, NJ: Subito Music, Corp., 2000–2009.
* Schwartz, Richard. ''The cornet compendium: The history and development of the nineteenth-century cornet''. 2000.
* Spaniol, Doug. "A history of the Weissenborn Practical method for bassoon" in Ewell, Terry. Celebrating Double Reeds: A Festschrift for William Waterhouse and Philip Bate. 2009.
* Westbury Park Strings (Article)
* Westphal, Frederick. ''Guide to teaching woodwinds''. Sacramento, CA: McGraw-Hill, 1990.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Method (Music)
Music education