Metallization pressure is the pressure required for a non-metallic chemical element to become a

metal A metal () is a material that, when polished or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electrical resistivity and conductivity, electricity and thermal conductivity, heat relatively well. These properties are all associated wit ...

. Every material is predicted to turn into a metal if the pressure is high enough, and temperature low enough. Some of these pressures are beyond the reach of

diamond anvil cell A diamond anvil cell (DAC) is a high-pressure device used in geology, engineering, and materials science experiments. It permits the compression of a small (sub- millimeter-sized) piece of material to extreme pressures, typically up to around 1 ...

s, and are thus theoretical predictions. Neon has the highest metallization pressure for any element. The value for phosphorus refers to pressurizing black phosphorus. The value for arsenic refers to pressurizing metastable black arsenic; grey arsenic, the standard state, is already a metallic conductor at standard conditions. No value is known or theoretically predicted for radon.

Astatine Astatine is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol At and atomic number 85. It is the abundance of elements in Earth's crust, rarest naturally occurring element in the Earth's crust, occurring only as the Decay chain, decay product ...

is calculated to already be a metal at standard conditions, although its extreme radioactivity means that this has never been tested experimentally.

References

{{Reflist Physical chemistry Allotropes

See also

References