Merindad

() is a mediaeval Spanish administrative term for a country subdivision smaller than a province but larger than a municipality. The officer in charge of a ''merindad'' was called a ''merino'', roughly equivalent to the English count or bailiff.
"merino".
''Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia''. Retrieved 2024-04-14.

It was used in the kingdoms of Castile and Navarre. Connected to the birth of Castile, the Merindades, standing for the northernmost '' comarca'' of the province of Burgos, was part of the creation of the administrative division by King Peter.

Navarre

Currently, the Foral Community of Navarre is still divided into five ''merindades'' standing for different judicial districts. The historic ''Merindad de Ultrapuertos'' lying to the north of the Pyrenees is nowadays Lower Navarre.

Administratively, they have been substituted by the '' partido judicial''. In Biscay, the ''mancomunidades comarcales'' keep the place of the old ''merindades'', such as Duranguesado.

''Merindad'' of Estella

The ''merindad'' of Estella or Tierra Estella (in Basque: ''Lizarrako Merindadea'' or ''Lizarrerria'') is one of the five ''merindades'' into which the Foral Community of Navarre (Spain) has historically been divided and whose head of ''merindad'' is the town of Estella. Its territorial delimitation coincides with that of the judicial district of the same name. The ''merindad'' encompasses 72 municipalities and 39 ''facerías'' among which are the Sierra de Urbasa, the Sierra de Andía and the Sierra de Lóquiz as the largest. The total area of the ''merindad'' of Estella is 2,068.6 km².

The ''merindad'' of Estella is located in western Navarre, covering parts of Navarra in the north and the Ribera de Navarra in the south. It borders the ''merindad'' of Pamplona to the north, the ''Merindades'' of Pamplona and Olite to the east, La Rioja to the south, and Álava, in the Basque Country, to the west.

''Merindad'' of Olite

Established by Charles III of Navarre on April 18, 1407, the ''merindad'' of Olite was formed by separating towns from the ''Merindades'' of Sangüesa and Estella, later becoming the judicial district of Tafalla. Caro Baroja, Julio (1982)
''La Casa en Navarra''. Vol. 4. Photographs by José Esteban Uranga.
Pamplona, pp. 7–8.] Caja de Ahorros de Navarra.

''Merindad'' of Ribera

The 1366 census already classified towns like Valdorba, San Martín de Unx, Ujué, Murillo el Fruto, Santacara, Murillo el Cuende, Pitillas, and Beire as part of the ''merindad'' of Ribera ( Aragón and Cidacos River regions). The ''merindad'' of La Ribera originally included Artajona, Tafalla, Caparroso, and Rada, alongside towns later assigned to the ''merindad'' of Tudela. This structure remained until 1342, when records began distinguishing Tudela separately, though reassignment was not immediate.

Evolution of the ''merindad'' of Tudela

The merindad of Tudela has fewer Basque influences than any other in Navarre, with distinct Romance and pre-Roman place names. Many of its towns were once under Islamic rule, with Muslim and Mudéjar populations persisting long after the Reconquista, particularly in the capital, where Arabic influences remain in toponymy and vocabulary. These cultural traces are visible south of the merindad of Estella, near the Ebro River, becoming more pronounced southeast of Azagra toward Aragon.

Navarre's merindad boundaries have shifted over time. By 1366, Tudela's simpler administration featured fewer but more densely populated towns. The 1366 census lists Tudela first, followed by Tafalla, Artajona, Caparroso, Rada, Mélida, Carcastillo, Marcilla, Villafranca, Cadreita, Valtierra, Arguedas, Murillo, Cabanillas, Fustiñana, Cortes, Buñuel, Ribaforada, Fontellas, Ablitas, Monteagudo, Cascante, Pedriz, Tulebras, Murchante, Centreniego, Corella, and Castellón. It also records governors (''alcaides'') in Monteagudo, Ablitas, Tafalla, Corella, Cortes, Sanchabarca, Peñaflor, Peña Redondo, and Valtierra. Additionally, the census classified social groups, listing farmers, free citizens (''francos''), Moors, Jews, and ''fijosdalgo'' (''hidalgos'', nobles), who resided in Tudela, Cascante, Monteagudo, Arguedas, Fontellas, Cadreita, Valtierra, Marcilla, Caparroso, and other towns.

See also

* Partidos of Buenos Aires, a second-level administrative subdivision
* Partidos of Chile in Colonial Chile, a second-level administrative subdivision

References

{{Spanish terms for country subdivisions

Spanish words and phrases
Types of administrative division