Meissner's Taxonomic Arrangement Of Dryandra

Carl Meissner's taxonomic arrangement of ''Dryandra'', now ''Banksia'' ser. ''Dryandra'', was published in 1856 as part of his chapter on the Proteaceae in A. P. de Candolle's '' Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis''. It replaced the 1830 arrangement of Robert Brown, and remained current until superseded by the 1870 arrangement of George Bentham.

Background

The dryandras are a group of proteaceous shrubs endemic to southwest Western Australia. For nearly two hundred years they were considered a separate genus, having been published at that rank in 1810 by Robert Brown. In 2007 it was transferred into the genus ''Banksia'' as ''B.'' ser. ''Dryandra''. There are now just under 100 species, plus numerous subspecies and varieties.

The first infrageneric arrangement of ''Dryandra'' was Brown's 1810 arrangement, which listed 13 species, but did not attempt an infrageneric classification. Twenty years later, Brown published a revised arrangement which divided 23 recognised species in three subgenera, and also transferred one of his 1810 ''Dryandra'' species into a separate genus named ''Hemiclidia''. This remained current until 1856, when Meissner's arrangement was published.

Meissner's arrangement

Meissner's arrangement retained Brown's ''Dryandra'' and ''Hemiclidia'', divided ''Dryandra'' into three sections, and divided the largest section, '' Eudryandra'', into eight unranked groups signified by the symbol "§". 53 species and six varieties were recognised.

Meissner's taxonomic arrangement of ''Dryandra'' may be summarised as follows:
:Genus ''Dryandra'' (now ''Banksia'' ser. ''Dryandra'')
::Section ''Eudryandra''
:::§ '' Ilicinæ''
::::''D. praemorsa'' (now '' B. undata'')
:::::''D. praemorsa'' var. ''elongata'' (now ''B. undata'' var. ''undata'')
::::''D. quercifolia'' (now '' B. heliantha'')
::::''D. cuneata'' (now '' B. obovata'')
::::''D. floribunda'' (now ''B. sessilis'' var. ''sessilis'')
:::::''D. floribunda'' var. ''cordata'' (now ''B. sessilis'' var. ''cordata'')
:::§ '' Runcinatæ''
::::''D. armata'' (now '' B. armata'')
::::''D. carduacea'' (now ''B. squarrosa'' subsp. ''squarrosa'')
::::''D. runcinata'' (now ''B. r.'' subsp. ''rufa'')
::::''D. nobilis'' (now '' B. nobilis'')
::::''D. plumosa'' (now '' B. plumosa'')
:::§ '' Serratæ''
::::''D. stupposa'' (now '' B. stuposa'')
::::''D. serra'' (now '' B. serra'')
::::''D. mucronulata'' (now '' B. mucronulata'')
::::''D. foliolata'' (now '' B. foliolata'')
::::''D. mutica'' (now ''B. foliolata'')
::::''D. obtusa'' (now '' B. obtusa'')
::::''D. Baxteri'' (now '' B. biterax'')
::::''D. formosa'' (now '' B. formosa'')
::::''D. nivea'' (now '' B. nivea'')
:::::''D. nivea'' var. ''venosa'' (now ''B. nivea'')
:::::''D. nivea'' var. ''subevenia'' (now ''B. dallanneyi'' var. ''dallanneyi'')
::::''D. brownii'' (now '' B. brunnea'')
::::''D. lindleyana'' (now '' B. dallanneyi'')
:::§ '' Marginatæ''
::::''D. stenoprion'' (now '' B. stenoprion'')
::::''D. elegans'' (now ''B. tenuis'' var. ''tenuis'')
::::''D. pulchella'' (now '' B. bella'')
::::''D. Kippistiana'' (now '' B. kippistiana'')
::::''D. Shuttleworthiana'' (now '' B. shuttleworthiana'')
::::''D. sclerophylla'' (now '' B. sclerophylla'')
::::''D. squarrosa'' (now '' B. squarrosa'')
:::§ '' Pectinatæ''
::::''D. serratuloides'' (now '' B. serratuloides'')
::::''D. nana'' (now '' B. nana'')
::::''D. arctotidis'' (now '' B. arctotidis'')
::::''D. tortifolia'' (now '' B. tortifolia'')
::::''D. Fraseri'' (now '' B. fraseri'')
::::''D. cirsioides'' (now '' B. cirsioides'')
:::§ '' Decurrentes''
::::''D. seneciifolia'' (now '' B. seneciifolia'')
::::''D. horrida'' (now '' B. horrida'')
::::''D. concinna'' (now '' B. concinna'')
::::''D. vestita'' (now '' B. vestita'')
::::''D. Hewardiana'' (now '' B. hewardiana'')
::::''D. longifolia'' (now '' B. prolata'')
::::''D. comosa'' (now '' B. comosa'')
::::''D. proteoides'' (now '' B. proteoides'')
::::''D. tenuifolia'' (now '' B. tenuis'')
::::''D. ferruginea'' (now '' B. rufa'')
::::''D. cryptocephala'' (now '' B. seneciifolia'')
:::§ '' Acrodontæ''
::::''D. carlinoides'' (now '' B. carlinoides'')
::::''D. tridentata'' (now '' B. tridentata'')
:::§ '' Haplophyllæ''
::::''D. speciosa'' (now '' B. splendida'')
::Section '' Diplophragma''
::::''D. bipinnatifida'' (now '' B. bipinnatifida'')
::::''D. Preissii'' (now '' B. acuminata'')
::Section '' Aphragma''
::::''D. pteridifolia'' (now '' B. pteridifolia'')
:::::''D. pteridifolia'' var. ''blechnifolia'' (now '' B. pellaeifolia'')
::::''D. calophylla'' (now '' B. calophylla'')
:::::''D. calophylla'' var. ''acaulis'' (now ''B. drummondii'' subsp. ''drummondii'')
::::''D. nervosa'' (now ''Banksia alliacea'')
::::''D. drummondii'' (now ''Banksia drummondii'')
:Genus ''Hemiclidia''
::::''H. Baxteri'' (now '' Banksia falcata'')

Legacy

Meissner's arrangement remained current until 1870, when it was superseded by George Bentham's arrangement as published in Volume V of ''Flora Australiensis''. Bentham abandoned all of Meissner's infrageneric taxa except Brown's ''D.'' sect. ''Aphragma''. In 1996, however, Alex George published a revised arrangement, resurrecting Brown's '' Diplophragma'' at subgenus rank, and also Meissner's series '' Marginatae'', '' Acrodontae'', '' Ilicinae'', '' Decurrentes'', '' Runcinatae'' and '' Pectinatae''.

In 2007, Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele transferred ''Dryandra'' into ''Banksia'', on the grounds that ''Banksia'' was paraphyletic with respect to ''Dryandra''. Mast and Thiele were not yet ready to proffer an arrangement for the new circumscription of ''Banksia'', so as an interim measure they transferred ''Dryandra'' at series rank, so as to minimise disruption to the nomenclature. Thus the infrageneric arrangement of ''Dryandra'' has been set aside, at least temporarily, and hence none of Meissner's infrageneric taxa are in current use.

References

{{reflist

Taxonomy of Banksia
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Taxa named by Carl Meissner
1856 in science