The mass media in Poland consist of several different types of communications media including

television Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound. Additionally, the term can refer to a physical television set rather than the medium of transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertising, ...

radio Radio is the technology of communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 3 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmitter connec ...

cinema Cinema may refer to: Film * Film or movie, a series of still images that create the illusion of moving image ** Film industry, the technological and commercial institutions of filmmaking ** Filmmaking, the process of making a film * Movie theate ...

newspaper A newspaper is a Periodical literature, periodical publication containing written News, information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background. Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as poli ...

magazine A magazine is a periodical literature, periodical publication, print or digital, produced on a regular schedule, that contains any of a variety of subject-oriented textual and visual content (media), content forms. Magazines are generally fin ...

s, and

Internet The Internet (or internet) is the Global network, global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a internetworking, network of networks ...

. The media landscape is very pluralistic but highly polarized along political and ideological divides.

The media landscape

According to the 2023 report by Warsaw-based media monitoring firm Instytut Monitorowania Mediów (IMM), the most quoted media outlet was

RMF FM RMF FM (abbreviation to ''Radio Muzyka Fakty FM'', translation: ''Radio Music Facts FM''; previously: ''Radio Małopolska Fun FM''; translation: ''Radio Lesser Poland Fun FM'') is the first commercial radio station in Poland, currently broadca ...

radio followed by

Wirtualna Polska Wirtualna Polska (WP ) (lit. Virtual Poland) is a group of companies operating in the media and e-commerce sectors. The WP Group owns the Wirtualna Polska horizontal portal founded in 1995 and known for being the first internet portal in Polan ...

news portal,

Rzeczpospolita () is a traditional Polish term for a political community founded for the common good. The noun "rzeczpospolita", meaning "public welfare, general good or advantage" "thing, matter" and "common" is analogous to the Latin ''rēs pūblica' ...

daily,

TVN24 TVN24 is a Polish 24-hour commercial news channel, launched on 9 August 2001. Being a part of the TVN Network, TVN24 has been owned since 2018 by US-based media company Warner Bros. Discovery ( Discovery, Inc. before 2022). It gained broade ...

news station and

Radio Zet Radio Zet () is a Polish commercial radio station launched in 1990, as the second privately owned radio in Poland. Since 2023, its majority shareholder has been Agora (company), Agora SA. History Radio Zet was established in Warsaw, and air ...

The Internet penetration of Poland stands at around 92%. According to the Digital News Report by the

Reuters Institute The Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (RISJ) is a UK-based research centre and think tank founded in 2006, which operates Thomson Reuters Journalism Fellowship Programme, also known as the Reuters Fellowship. History The institute ...

, the top 5 most popular online news outlets in 2023 were:

Onet Onet.pl is the largest Polish-language web portal and online news platform. According to Digital News Report, it is the largest online news source in the country, reaching 42% Internet users every week. It is also one of the most-quoted news me ...

TVN24.pl TVN24 is a Polish 24-hour commercial news channel, launched on 9 August 2001. Being a part of the TVN Network, TVN24 has been owned since 2018 by US-based media company Warner Bros. Discovery (Discovery, Inc. before 2022). It gained broader p ...

Interia Interia, formerly Interia.pl, is a large Polish web portal and online news platform launched in 2000 in Kraków, Poland. It is the 4th largest online news source in the country. The list of its 130 services includes the national and international ...

and RMF24.pl. The government is working to increase broadband internet service. The major print, radio and television outlets have online editions. Online-only portals publishing a mix of news and entertainment content are among the country's most-visited websites . The reach of television is widespread. In 2016, the Poles on average watched television for over 4 hours and 20 minutes a day. The public television broadcaster is ''

Telewizja Polska Telewizja Polska S.A. (; TVP), also known in English as Polish Television, is a Public broadcasting, public service broadcaster in Poland, founded in 1952. It is the oldest and largest Polish television network. After 2015, when the right-wing po ...

'' (TVP), which runs two main channels, one regional channel and several thematic channels. The TVP is an importante source of information for many Poles, in particular in small cities, though its popularity has been declining in recent years. In the private sector there are over 200 commercial TV broadcasters: the two leading one are

Polsat Polsat is a Polish free-to-air television channel that was launched on 5 December 1992 by Zygmunt Solorz-Żak. , it is the most watched television channel in Poland with a market share of 11.30% Polsat belongs to Grupa Polsat Plus ( WSE: CP ...

and TVN. Radio is a popular medium in Poland. In addition to the public radio broadcaster,

Polskie Radio The Polish Radio (PR; Polish: ''Polskie Radio'', PR) is a national public-service radio broadcasting organization of Poland, founded in 1925. It is owned by the State Treasury of Poland. On 27 December 2023, the Minister of Culture and Nationa ...

(PR), there are over 200 licensed private radio outlets.

History and political landscape

The oldest Polish newspaper was

Merkuriusz Polski ''Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny'' (The Polish Mercury Ordinary; original 17th-century Polish spelling: ''Merkuryusz Polski Ordynaryiny''; full title: ''Merkuriusz Polski dzieje wszystkiego świata w sobie zamykający, dla informacji pospolitej'' ...

, first published in 1661. A number of other dailies were established during the

First Polish Republic First most commonly refers to: * First, the ordinal form of the number 1 First or 1st may also refer to: Acronyms * Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters, an astronomical survey carried out by the Very Large Array * Far Infrared a ...

, including the

Monitor Monitor or monitor may refer to: Places * Monitor, Alberta * Monitor, Indiana, town in the United States * Monitor, Kentucky * Monitor, Oregon, unincorporated community in the United States * Monitor, Washington * Monitor, Logan County, Wes ...

and

Gazeta Warszawska (lit. ''Warsaw Gazette'') was the first newspaper published regularly in Warsaw for an extended period of time. Founded in 1774, it remained active under a variety of names until 1935. The names included the (''Warsaw Independent Gazette''; d ...

. Public radio service and the first national news agency were both founded at the beginning of the 20th century. The first TV broadcaster,

, launched in 1952. During the

Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

-imposed

communist regime A communist state, also known as a Marxist–Leninist state, is a one-party state in which the totality of the power belongs to a party adhering to some form of Marxism–Leninism, a branch of the communist ideology. Marxism–Leninism was ...

the Stalinist press doctrine dominated and controlled the media. However the country instituted

freedom of press Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the fundamental principle that communication and expression through various media, including printed and electronic media, especially published materials, should be considered a right to be exerc ...

since the fall of

communism Communism () is a political sociology, sociopolitical, political philosophy, philosophical, and economic ideology, economic ideology within the history of socialism, socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a ...

. The main features of the media system of modern Poland are the product of the country's socio-political and economic post-communist transition. These features include: the privatisation of the press sector; the transformation of the state radio and television into public broadcasting services; influx of foreign capital into the media market and European integration of audiovisual media policies. Redakcja Gazety Wyborczej ul

Since the 1990s, Poland has developed a pluralistic but highly polarized media environment. The media landscape comprises, in addition to the public radio and television broadcasters, a variety of private media outlets, encompassing a broad political spectrum, from socially liberal to ultraconservative. In the sector of print media, the newspaper with the largest circulation is ''

Gazeta Wyborcza (; ''The Electoral Gazette'' in English) is a Polish nationwide daily newspaper based in Warsaw, Poland. It was launched on 8 May 1989 on the basis of the Polish Round Table Agreement and as a press organ of the Solidarity (Polish trade union), t ...

'', founded in 1989. Its founding father was

Adam Michnik Adam Michnik (; born 17 October 1946) is a Polish historian, essayist, former Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1989), dissident, Intellectual#Public intellectual, public intellectual, as well as co-founder and editor-in-chief of the P ...

- a Communist-era dissident. The daily had a critical stance towards the Law and Justice Party (PiS) government. The second largest paper is ''

'', which has conservative traditions. Radio RMF FM 23

The two main business-oriented dailies are ''

Dziennik Gazeta Prawna ''Dziennik Gazeta Prawna'' (, ''Daily Legal Newspaper''; abbreviation: DGP) is a Polish legal and business daily newspaper, headquartered in Warsaw and published from Monday to Friday. The paper focuses on law, taxes and finances. The publisher o ...

'' and ''

Puls Biznesu ''Puls Biznesu'' (lit. ''Business' Pulse'') is a Polish-language daily newspaper devoted to business and economic issues. History and profile ''Puls Biznesu'' was established by Dagens Industri in 1997. It is published by Bonnier Business (Pol ...

'': they both have a narrow, professional readership and are typically not engaged in the country’ political conflict. The two leading tabloids are ''

Fakt ''Fakt'' (, Polish for "fact") is a Polish tabloid daily newspaper published in Warsaw, Poland, by Ringier Axel Springer Polska (a Swiss-German joint-venture subsidiary of Axel Springer SE and Ringier), and is one of the best-selling papers i ...

'', owned by the Swiss-German media conglomerate

Axel Springer Axel Cäsar Springer (2 May 1912 – 22 September 1985) was a German publisher and founder of what is now Axel Springer SE, the largest media publishing firm in Europe. By the early 1960s his print titles dominated the West German daily press m ...

, and ''Super Express'', owned by ZPR Media. These tabloids have a remarkable impact on public opinion. In addition to national publications, there are several regional dailies: in this sector, the top competitors have sales comprised between 20,000 and 40,000 daily copies sold. In the recent years, sales of both national and regional dailies have been declining. Political polarization also characterizes the weekly newsmagazine market. On the liberal side there is ''

Newsweek Polska ''Newsweek Polska'' is a Polish language weekly news magazine published in Poland as the Polish edition of ''Newsweek''. History ''Newsweek Polska'' was established in 2001. The founder of the weekly is Tomasz Wróblewski. The magazine is owned ...

'' (the Polish edition of the ''

Newsweek ''Newsweek'' is an American weekly news magazine based in New York City. Founded as a weekly print magazine in 1933, it was widely distributed during the 20th century and has had many notable editors-in-chief. It is currently co-owned by Dev P ...

''), followed by ''

Polityka ''Polityka'' (, ''Politics'') is a centre-left weekly news magazine in Poland. It had a circulation of 95,300 during 2021. ''Polityka'' has a slightly intellectual, socially liberal profile, setting it apart from the more conservative ''Wprost ...

''. On the right side, there are newer titles''

Sieci ''Sieci'' (, Literal translation, lit.: ''the Network''), also stylised as ''W Sieci'', ''wSieci'', or ''Tygodnik Sieci''; is a right-wing Weekly news magazine, weekly magazine published in Poland.

'', ''

Do Rzeczy ''Do Rzeczy'' (; ) is a Polish-language conservative weekly news and political magazine published in Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The m ...

'' and the older ''

Gazeta Polska ''Gazeta Polska'' (Literal translation, lit.: ''Polish Newspaper'') is a Polish language pro-United Right (Poland), United Right right-wing populist to far-right weekly magazine published in Poland. Profile and history ''Gazeta Polsk''a was f ...

''. The right-wing weeklies do not form a uniform bloc.

Legal framework

The

Polish constitution The Constitution of the Republic of Poland ( or ''Konstytucja RP'' for short) is the supreme law of the Republic of Poland, which is also commonly called the Third Polish Republic ( or ''III RP'' for short) in contrast with the preceding systems ...

of 1997 guarantees freedom of the press and prohibits both preventive censorship and licensing requirements for the press. The media sector is regulated by the 1984 Polish Press Law and the 1992 Broadcasting Act, which have both been amended since then. The Broadcasting Act defines the rules for appointing the members of the National Broadcasting Council (''

Krajowa Rada Radiofonii i Telewizji The National Broadcasting Council (Polish language , Polish: ''Krajowa Rada Radiofonii i Telewizji'', KRRiT, lit. ''State Council of Radio and Television'') is the Poland, Polish broadcasting regulator, which issues radio and television broadcas ...

'', KRRRiT) and its powers. According to the Constitution, the KRRiT's role is to "safeguard the freedom of speech, the right to information, and the public interest in radio and television broadcasting". Even is its members are not allowed to belong to political party or perform public activities, the KRRiT in practice has been politicized, with members somehow affiliated with political parties. Also the governments’ reform attempts of the KRRiT have been largely politically driven. These attempts have been strengthened by the right-wing Law and Justice Party (PiS) government which, after winning the parliamentary elections in October 2015, partly replaced the management at the public television and radio broadcasters.

Media polarisation

The Polish media environment is highly polarized. Since 2015 elections, this polarization has become ever stronger. The cleavage concerns both PiS's controversial decisions and policies and diverging attitudes towards issues such as equal rights for

LGBT LGBTQ people are individuals who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning. Many variants of the initialism are used; LGBTQIA+ people incorporates intersex, asexual, aromantic, agender, and other individuals. The gro ...

people, refugees, the EU. Poland lacks the tradition of an editorially independent public service media: public and radio television broadcasters tend to favor those in power. Partisanship in the Polish media system goes hand in hand with bias among the journalists themselves. This bias is mirrored in the two major journalists's organizations that have different orientations: the

Association of Polish Journalists Association may refer to: *Club (organization), an association of two or more people united by a common interest or goal *Trade association, an organization founded and funded by businesses that operate in a specific industry *Voluntary associatio ...

(SDP), sympathetic toward the PiS government, and the Association of Journalists (TD), which is against the PiS's government. On 7 December 2020 state-owned petroleum refinery and distributor

PKN Orlen Orlen S.A. (formerly ), commonly known as Orlen, is a Polish multinational oil refiner, petrol retailer and natural gas trader headquartered in Płock, Poland. The company's subsidiaries include the main oil and gas companies of the Czech Rep ...

acquired media and press company "Polska Press" controlling large number of regional media portals and several regional newspapers. Together with previous acquisition of Polish newspaper distributor RUCH it creates a situation where regional media are owned and distributed by state-owned company raising concerns of media neutrality in Poland. On April 8, 2021, a Polish court has suspended the purchase of Polska Press by PKN Orlen.

Media ownership

Foreign companies hold a dominant position in the Polish media market. This fact entered into the political debate, in particular since the PiS government took office. To contrast this,

Jarosław Kaczyński Jarosław Aleksander Kaczyński (born 18 June 1949) is a Polish politician. He co-founded the Law and Justice (PiS) party in 2001 with his twin brother, Lech Kaczyński, and has served as its leader since 2003. He served as Prime Minister of Pola ...

, founder of the PiS and former Prime Minister, called for the media to be "repolonized" PiS politicians argued that foreign-owned media outlets pursue deliberately unfavorable coverage of the PiS's government with the aim of undermining it. Polish print media and radio outlets are mainly private and diversified in terms of ownership, however foreign owners control around three-quarters of the Polish media market. The main domestic competitor is Agora, which owns ''

'' and a number of magazines, radio stations, internet platforms, a publishing house and additional ventures. Foreign ownership is very strong also in the regional media which are largely owned by the German Polska Press. To counter foreign ownership in Polish media, in 2021, the PiS government submitted a bill that would ban non-European-Union citizens and companies from possessing a controlling stake in Polish media outlets. In August 11, 2021, The bill

Lex TVN Act of 11 August 2021 on the amendment of the "Broadcasting and the Cinematography Act" (Polish: Ustawa z dnia 11 sierpnia 2021 r. o zmianie ustawy o radiofonii i telewizji oraz ustawy o kinematografii), better known by media term Lex TVN (''li ...

which forbids companies except those from the

European Economic Area The European Economic Area (EEA) was established via the ''Agreement on the European Economic Area'', an international agreement which enables the extension of the European Union's single market to member states of the European Free Trade Asso ...

from holding more than a 49% stake in Polish radio and television stations passed the Sejm.

Media freedom and pluralism

In recent years, according to

Reporters Without Borders Reporters Without Borders (RWB; ; RSF) is an international non-profit and non-governmental organisation, non-governmental organization headquartered in Paris, which focuses on safeguarding the right to freedom of information. It describes its a ...

, in particular since the PiS went to power in 2015 and ended in 2023, media freedom in Poland has been significantly deteriorating. Several weeks after winning the 2015 parliamentary elections, the PiS passed a media law which gave the government direct control over public broadcasting. It also replaced journalists working in the public radio and TV stations and attempted to throttle several independent print media outlets, such as ''

'', ''

'' and ''

'' by restricting public advertising. According to

Freedom House Freedom House is a nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C. It is best known for political advocacy surrounding issues of democracy, Freedom (political), political freedom, and human rights. Freedom House was founded in October 1941, wi ...

, this effort is part of a broader attempt to weaken checks and balances, silence independent voices and control the public sphere. PiS's control on the executive branch and the executive can undermine the independence of the judiciary and its aggressive attitude towards the Constitutional Tribunal has prompted accusations that it is undermining the rule of law in Poland. In January 2016, the European Commission launched a procedure in order to impose the respect of the rule of law in the country.

in its 2019 assessment of Poland stated that the public media "have been transformed into government propaganda mouthpieces." Poland is rated "Partly Free" in Freedom House's 2017 "Freedom of the Press" report. It is ranked 62 out of 180 countries in the 2020 World Press Freedom index by Reporters Without Borders, down from 18th in 2015.

Public television and radio broadcasters

After winning parliamentary elections in October 2015, the PiS party replaced the management positions at the public television and radio broadcasters. This effort was not limited to public broadcasters since the party leadership tried to control also private media outlets for instance by advancing a proposal to restrict reporters’ access to the parliament. In December 2015 the so-called "small media law" prepared by PiS was sent to the Polish parliament. The proposal, which was conceived as a temporary measure before the adoption of a more comprehensive media law, provided for the termination of the mandates of the current members of the national television and radio broadcasters’ management and supervisory boards and their replacement through the direct appointment by the treasury minister. The law created great turmoil in public media: the directors of several public channels left their position in protest. Public protests occurred across Poland as well as abroad in the environment connected the community of Poles living abroad. The staffing changes were not limited to the managing positions. According to the Association of Journalists, 225 journalists left the public media during 2016, due to either layoffs or resignations. The new law and its effects were widely criticized also abroad: the

European Federation of Journalists The European Federation of Journalists is the European regional organisation of the International Federation of Journalists. It describes itself as the largest organisation of journalists in Europe, and says it represents about 320,000 journalists ...

, the

European Broadcasting Union The European Broadcasting Union (EBU; , UER) is an alliance of Public broadcasting, public service media organisations in countries within the European Broadcasting Area (EBA) or who are member states of the Council of Europe, members of the ...

, the

Association of European Journalists The Association of European Journalists (founded 1961, San Remo) is an organisation promoting the interests of journalists involved in European affairs. It is an NGO in operational relations with UNESCO and enjoys consultative status in the Coun ...

, the

Committee to Protect Journalists The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization based in New York City, with correspondents around the world. CPJ promotes press freedom and defends the rights of journalists. The '' American Journalism ...

and

Index on Censorship Index on Censorship is an organisation campaigning for freedom of expression. It produces a quarterly magazine of the same name from London. It is directed by the non-profit-making Writers and Scholars International, Ltd (WSI) in association wit ...

denounced this decision. In January 2016, the

European Commission The European Commission (EC) is the primary Executive (government), executive arm of the European Union (EU). It operates as a cabinet government, with a number of European Commissioner, members of the Commission (directorial system, informall ...

discussed the "small media law" in the frame of its assessment of the situation in Poland under the

Rule of Law Framework Rule or ruling may refer to: Human activity * The exercise of political or personal control by someone with authority or power * Business rule, a rule pertaining to the structure or behavior internal to a business * School rule, a rule th ...

. In December 2016, the Constitutional Tribunal declared parts of the "small media law" unconstitutional, calling for the need to constitutional rules on the KRRiT which should have played a decisive role in appointing its management and supervisory boards. In the first months of 2016 the PiS's government worked on a "big media law", a more comprehensive reform of the media system. In April 2016, a draft Law on National Media was presented to the Parliament. The draft wanted to transform the public radio and television broadcasters into "national media", thus shifting away from the model of editorially independent public service. The bill obliged the public media to disseminate the views of the prime minister, the president, and the speakers of the parliament and stated that the public media should preserve national traditions, patriotic and Christian values and strengthen the national community. The

Council of Europe The Council of Europe (CoE; , CdE) is an international organisation with the goal of upholding human rights, democracy and the Law in Europe, rule of law in Europe. Founded in 1949, it is Europe's oldest intergovernmental organisation, represe ...

criticized the draft, describing it a move towards a "State broadcasters". The law was not adopted: the government decided to pursue a less ambitious approach and proposed the Parliament a "bridge law" to go into force at the expiration of the "small media law". The "bridge law" was approved in June 2016: the law stated that a newly established National Media Council have to be responsible for the appointment of the management and supervisory boards of the public media. The arrangement established by the law effectively guarantees the rule party a key role in appointing the members of the national Media Council. The law also does not forbid the new council's members from belonging to political party.

TV stations

TVP TVP may stand for: Arts and entertainment * Television Personalities, an English post-punk band * , an Argentine public broadcaster * , a Polish public broadcaster * , a former Malaysian educational channel * TV Patrol, a Philippine primetime news ...

– public broadcaster * TVP 1 *

TVP 2 TVP2 (TVP Dwa, ''Telewizja Polska 2'', ''Program Drugi Telewizji Polskiej'', ''"Dwójka"'') is a Polish public mainstream TV channel operated by TVP. Launched in October 1970, its varied line-up contains a variety of programming (documentary, h ...

* TVP 3 (regional) *

TVP HD TVP HD is a special High Definition version of the Polish public broadcasting channels (Telewizja Polska). A digital terrestrial multiplex carrying the channel was available in Warsaw, Poznań, Zielona Góra, Żagań, Kraków, Leżajsk and Krosn ...

TVP Info TVP Info is a Polish free-to-air television news channel, run by the public state broadcaster TVP. It is focused on newscasts, mainly broadcasting nationwide news bulletins. Until 20 December 2023, its main offices were located in the building ...

(news and regional) *

TVP Polonia TVP Polonia (formerly known as TV Polonia) is the international channel of the Telewizja Polska (TVP). The channel is co-funded by the Telewizja Polska, TVP and the Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland, Ministry for Foreign ...

(for Poles abroad) *

TVP Kultura TVP Kultura is the first TV theme channel to be run by the Polish public broadcaster TVP. It was launched on 24 April 2005 and is dedicated to arts and culture. Every day of the week, the channel concentrates on other disciplines; e.g., cinema ...

(cultural) *

TVP Seriale Telewizja Polska S.A. (; TVP), also known in English as Polish Television, is a public service broadcaster in Poland, founded in 1952. It is the oldest and largest Polish television network. After 2015, when the right-wing populist Law and Justi ...

(drama) *

TVP Rozrywka TVP Rozrywka is a Polish free-to-air Free-to-air (FTA) services are television (TV) and radio services broadcast in unencrypted form, allowing any person with the appropriate receiving equipment to receive the signal and view or listen to ...

(entertainment) *

TVP ABC TVP ABC is a Polish free-to-air television channel offered by Telewizja Polska. The programming is aimed at children aged 4–12, their parents, and their teachers. Programs * ''Bolek and Lolek'' * '' Kuba and Sruba'' * '' Margo the Mouse'' * '' ...

(children's channel) *

TVP Sport TVP Sport is a Polish sport channel, owned by TVP, launched on 18 November 2006. The channel is available on Platforma Canal+, Polsat Box, as well as over cable providers. Broadcast SD broadcasting via satellite (''Eutelsat Hot Bird'') stoppe ...

* TVP Historia (history) *

TVP Parlament TVP Parlament is a Polish internet channel. It is run by the public broadcaster Public broadcasting (or public service broadcasting) is radio, television, and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service with a commi ...

TVP Dokument TVP Dokument is a Polish TVP station, which primarily focuses on presenting documentaries and movies. It started broadcasting on 19 November 2020. It is broadcast only in HD via cable and satellite, as well as DVB-T2/HEVC High Efficiency Vide ...

* TVP Kobieta * TVP Nauka * Alfa TVP * Jasna Góra TV * TVP Historia 2 * TVP Kultura 2 * TVP ABC 2 *

TVP World TVP World (previously known as Poland IN) is a Polish international news network operated by Telewizja Polska, consisting of an English-language 24-hour news channel News broadcasting is the medium of broadcasting various news events and ...

* TVP Wilno *

Belsat Belsat (; ; stylised as B☰LSAT) is a Polish free-to-air terrestrial and satellite television channel aimed at Belarus. The channel is a subsidiary of TVP S.A. From the outset, it has been co-funded by the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs a ...

(in Belarusian language)

– private *

Polsat News Polsat News is a Polish news channel, launched on 7 June 2008 at 7:00am (UTC+1). Being a part of the Polsat Network, Polsat News is owned by Polsat Group. It is available over Polsat Box, Canal+ (Polish TV provider), Platforma Canal+ and UPC Pola ...

(24/7 news channel) *

Polsat News 2 Polsat News 2 (formerly TV Biznes, Polsat Biznes and Polsat News +) is a Polish publicist-information television channel. It complements the main sister channel Polsat News, with in-depth commentary. It broadcasts programs devoted to national, ...

* Polsat News Polityka *

Polsat 2 Polsat 2 is a Polish TV channel. Owned by Telewizja Polsat, it is a sister to the main Polsat channel. History On 18 December 2015, Polsat 2 was replaced by Polsat 1 abroad and Polsat 2 remained for viewers available in Poland. On 6 April 20 ...

(for Poles abroad) * Polsat Rodzina *

Super Polsat Super Polsat is a Polish television channel, launched on 2 January 2017. The channel provides programming with audio description and closed captioning for visually and hearing impaired. History Super Polsat started broadcasting on 2 January 20 ...

Polsat Sport Polsat Sport 1 () is a Polish sports channel owned by Polsat. It launched on 11 August 2000 and is available via satellite on Polsat Box. Polsat Sport 1 HD Polsat Sport 1 HD is a sports channel owned by Polsat, which broadcasts in High Defini ...

(sport channel) * Polsat Sport Extra (sport channel) *

Polsat Sport News Polsat Sport 3 (formerly as Polsat Sport News) was the first Polish TV station aimed at sports news. Polsat Sport News was launched on May 30, 2011, at 7:00. History On October 25, 2010, the program appeared as an internal test channel on channe ...

* Polsat Sport Fight * Polsat Sport Premium 1 * Polsat Sport Premium 2 * Polsat Sport Premium PPV (3-6) * Polsat Games *

Polsat Café Polsat Café is a Polish lifestyle television channel aimed primarily at women. It is owned and operated by Telewizja Polsat, Polsat. lt:Polsat Café Programmes Example of programmings aired on Polsat Café: * ''Szpital dziecięcy - the medical ...

(health and beauty) *

Polsat Play Polsat Play is a Polish lifestyle television channel aimed primarily at men. It is owned and operated by Polsat Polsat is a Polish free-to-air television channel that was launched on 5 December 1992 by Zygmunt Solorz-Żak. , it is the most ...

(for men) *

Polsat Seriale Polsat Seriale (formerly known as Polsat Romans) is a Polish television channel which broadcasts movies and television series. It is owned and operated by Polsat. It started broadcasting on 1 September 2013, as Polsat Romans, 5 April 2020. but ...

Polsat JimJam Polsat JimJam is a children's television channel in Poland which also serves as the regional variation of the international children's television channel JimJam JimJam is an international children's preschool television channel operated by A ...

- for kids *

Polsat Doku Polsat Doku is a Polish television channel belonging to Telewizja Polsat, which was launched on February 10, 2017 at 6 am. The broadcast, also as High-definition television, HD version via the Hot Bird 13B satellite, was included in the offer of P ...

* Disco Polo Music * Polsat Music * Polsat Viasat History * Polsat Viasat Explore * Polsat Viasat Nature * Polsat Crime+Investigation *

Polsat Film Polsat Film is a Polish television channel which broadcasts movies. Polsat received a license to broadcast on March 17, 2009, under the name "Polsat Kino". It started broadcasting on October 2, 2009. It is available from satellite platforms Polsa ...

TV4 TV4 or TV 4 may refer to: *TV4 (Polish TV channel), a private Polish television station *TV4 (Swedish TV channel), a Swedish television network **TV4 AB, owners of the Swedish television station *SABC TV4, a channel operated by the South African st ...

* TV6 TVN Discovery Group – private * TVN *

TVN 7 TVN7 is a Polish television channel specialising in action, drama and comedy shows and movies. Owned by TVN Group, the channel was launched in March 2002, replacing RTL 7. History RTL 7 was launched on December 6, 1996 (" The Final Countdown" b ...

(24/7 news channel) *

TVN24 BiS TVN may refer to: * TVN (Australian TV channel), a former horse racing channel * Televisión Nacional de Chile, a public broadcaster * TVN (Indonesia), a former television station; predecessor of Rajawali Televisi * TVN (Norway), or TVNorge, a comm ...

TVN Style TVN Style is a Polish-language pay-TV channel aimed at women featuring the latest in fashion, health and beauty. It was first launched on 1 August 2004 and a part of the TVN (Polish TV channel), TVN network, owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. Line ...

(channel aimed at women) * TVN Turbo (for men) *

TVN Fabuła TVN Fabula is a Polish TV channel launched on 16 April 2015. The channel assigns series of TVN Group, movie trailers, foreign series and own productions. It also broadcasts programs on culture, showbiz and talk show with actors. The channel is br ...

iTVN TVN International or iTVN is a Polish pay television channel that was launched in April 2004. It is part of the TVN network and is owned by TVN Warner Bros. Discovery It is aimed at the Polish diaspora living abroad, mainly in Europe and North A ...

(for Poles abroad) * iTVN Extra * TTV *

Food Network Food Network is an American basic cable channel owned by Television Food Network, G.P., a unit of Warner Bros. Discovery, who manages and operates it as a division of the Warner Bros. Discovery U.S. Networks Group. The channel airs both televi ...

* HGTV Home&Garden *

Travel Channel Travel Channel (stylized as Trvl Channel since 2018) is an American pay television television channel, channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery, who previously owned the channel from 1997 to 2007. The channel is headquartered in Manhattan, with ...

Eurosport 1 Eurosport 1 is a television sports network channel which is a division of Eurosport and a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA, EMEA version of Warner Bros. Discovery. Discovery took a 20% minority interest share in December 2012, and becam ...

Eurosport 2 Eurosport 2 is a sports television channel and a sister channel to Eurosport 1. Both are part of the Eurosport network which is a unit of Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA, EMEA version of Warner Bros. Discovery. Several different versions of the chan ...

TLC TLC may refer to: Arts and entertainment Television * ''TLC'' (TV series), a 2002 British situational comedy television series that aired on BBC2 * TLC (TV network), formerly the Learning Channel, an American cable TV network ** TLC (Asia), an A ...

Discovery Channel Discovery Channel, known as The Discovery Channel from 1985 to 1995, and often referred to as simply Discovery, is an American cable channel that is best known for its ongoing reality television shows and promotion of pseudoscience. It init ...

Discovery Science Discovery science (also known as discovery-based science) is a scientific methodology which aims to find new patterns, correlations, and form hypotheses through the analysis of large-scale experimental data. The term “discovery science” enc ...

Discovery Historia Discovery Historia is a Polish television channel broadcasting history-related programmes. The channel was originally a joint-venture between Discovery Networks and TVN, but TVN left the venture in 2009. (Discovery Discovery may refer to: * Di ...

(history and documentaries) *

Discovery Life Discovery Life is an American cable television network owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. Launched on February 1, 2011 as Discovery Fit & Health, it was the result of the merger of the Discovery Health Channel and FitTV, following the former's ...

Animal Planet Animal Planet (stylized in all lowercase since 2018) is an American multinational pay television channel focusing on the animal kingdom owned by the Warner Bros. Discovery Networks unit of Warner Bros. Discovery. First established on June 1 ...

* DTX * ID *

Metro Metro may refer to: Geography * Metro City (Indonesia), a city in Indonesia * A metropolitan area, the populated region including and surrounding an urban center Public transport * Rapid transit, a passenger railway in an urban area with high ...

''*TTV belongs to Stavka (51% - TVN, 49% - Besta Film)''
Groupe Canal+ Poland (owned by

Canal+ Group Canal+ S.A., formerly Groupe Canal+, is a French Media conglomerate, media and telecommunications Conglomerate (company), conglomerate based in Paris. It runs its own Canal+ (streaming service), eponymous Over-the-top media service, over-the-to ...

(51%),

TVN Group TVN S.A. (trade name: Grupa TVN) is a Polish media and entertainment group established in 1995 as ''TVN Sp. z o.o''. The CEO of TVN Group is Katarzyna "Kasia" Kieli, president and managing director of TVN Warner Bros. Discovery. Its TV channel ...

(32%),

Liberty Global Liberty Global Ltd. is a British-Dutch-American multinational telecommunications company domiciled in Bermuda, with headquarters in London, Amsterdam and Denver. Its respective legal names are Liberty Global Holdings Limited (UK), Liberty Glo ...

(17%)) *

Ale Kino+ Ale Kino+ is a Polish television channel owned and operated by Canal+ International. It is available on the networks of cable television and the digital platform Cyfra+ (now nc+ Canal+ (formerly Cyfra+ and nc+) is a Polish satellite platform ...

Canal+ Premium Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi). They carry free, calm surface flow u ...

Canal+ 1 Canal 1 (; pronounced "Canal Uno" () is a Colombian state-owned television channel. It is owned by the Government of Colombia and managed by Phoenix Media, a private company. From 1957 to 2017, the channel was administered by private programming ...

* Canal+ Sport *

Canal+ Sport 2 Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or river engineering, engineered channel (geography), channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport watercraft, vehicles (e.g. ...

Canal+ Film Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi). They carry free, calm surface flow un ...

* Canal+ Seriale *

Canal+ Family Canal+ Family was a French TV channel devoted to the broadcast of family programming. It was part of the "Les Chaînes Canal+" and the "Famille" package from Canal+. In 2021, the channel closed in Metropolitan France, to be replaced by Canal+ K ...

* Canal+ Dokument * Canal+ Sport 3 * Canal+ Sport 4 * Canal+ Now * Planete+ *

Canal+ Kuchnia Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or river engineering, engineered channel (geography), channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport watercraft, vehicles (e.g. ...

Canal+ Domo Canal+ Domo is a Polish television channel owned and operated by Canal+ International. On 1 December 2020, a Czech-language version was launched on Skylink, named Canal+ Domo. It have the same programming but it is commercial-free. The Polish D ...

MiniMini+ MiniMini+ is a Polish television channel owned and operated by Canal+ International. Its programmes are aimed primarily at children aged 3–8. History Before the launch of MiniMini, Minimax (now known as Teletoon+) launched a programming bl ...

Teletoon+ Teletoon+ (stylised as teleTOON+; formerly Minimax and ZigZap) is a Polish television channel owned and operated by the Canal+ International through Canal+ Polska SA, available on Platforma Canal+. The channel targeted at children, carrying var ...

* Novelas+ *

Canal+ Sport 5 Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi). They carry free, calm surface flow un ...

Minor players:

Polcast Television Polcast Television is a TV broadcaster of four Poland, Polish channels: Tele 5 (Poland), Tele 5, Polonia 1, Water Planet and Novela TV. It was founded in 2006 when Fincast (earlier broadcaster) was no longer entitled to represent them. Televisi ...

Tele 5 TELE 5 is a German free-to-air television channel that primarily broadcasts classic American films, science fiction series and anime. It is owned by Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA, which is a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery International. ...

Polonia 1 Polonia 1 is one of the first Poland, Polish Commerce, commercial television channels, consisting at first of a network of 12 (and - for a short time - even 13) local TV stations in bigger cities. The station was established by Sardinian business ...

* Water Planet * Novela TV 4Fun Media

4Fun.tv 4Fun.tv is a free-to-air 24-hour Polish language music video channel launched on 14 February 2004. History On 27 November 2003, ''Nova Communications'' (later ''4fun Media'') signed a satellite transmission agreement with Canal+ Sp. z o.o. for ...

4Fun Kids 4Fun Dance Lux Veritatis Foundation TV Trwam TV Puls *

TV Puls TV Puls is a Polish commercial television channel, which was based on Telewizja Niepokalanów with the support of companies such as PKN Orlen, KGHM Polska Miedź, PZU Życie, Prokom and which started broadcasting in March 2001. Due to financia ...

Puls 2 Puls 2 is a Polish free-to-air Free-to-air (FTA) services are television (TV) and radio services broadcast in unencrypted form, allowing any person with the appropriate receiving equipment to receive the signal and view or listen to the co ...

*many local city and community cable stations Many major world players are also present on the market, among them:

HBO Home Box Office (HBO) is an American pay television service, which is the flagship property of namesake parent-subsidiary Home Box Office, Inc., itself a unit owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. The overall Home Box Office business unit is based a ...

MTV Poland MTV Poland is the Polish-language version of the general entertainment channel MTV. It was launched on July 7, 2000, replacing local music channel Atomic TV. The channel is operated by Paramount Networks EMEAA from its headquarters in Warsaw ...

NickMusic Nickelodeon (nicknamed Nick) is an American pay television channel and the flagship property of the Nickelodeon Group, a sub-division of the Paramount Media Networks division of Paramount Global. Launched on April 1, 1979, as the first ca ...

Digital TV platforms (all private)

Platforma Canal+ Canal+ (formerly Cyfra+ and nc+) is a Polish satellite platform co-owned by Canal+, TVN and Liberty Global Liberty Global Ltd. is a British-Dutch-American multinational telecommunications company domiciled in Bermuda, with headquarters i ...

(owned by

(51%),

(32%),

(17%) *

Polsat Box Cyfrowy Polsat S.A. (; English: ''Digital Polsat''), trading as Polsat Box is a Polish Direct to Home, DTH satellite TV platform. It is the fifth-largest digital platform in Europe and the largest in Central and Eastern Europe. Polsat Box has 3.47 ...

(owned by Polsat Cyfrowy stock company) * TVN24 GO (owned by

) - first online news platform in Poland giving access to

and

. Platform included broadcast, 29 public programs on live broadcast channels, and TV programs and programs as well as films on demand.

Radio stations

Polskie Radio (public broadcaster)

* Program 1 (Jedynka) - (news, current affairs, easy listening music, focused at listeners aged 40–64) - 225 LW, FM, DAB+ and the Internet * Program 2 (Dwójka) - (classical music, drama, comedy, literature) - FM, DAB+ and the Internet * Program 3 (Trójka) - (rock, alternative, Middle of the Road, focused at listeners aged 25–49) - FM, DAB+ and the Internet * Program 4 (Czwórka) - (dance, R&B, reggae, rap, soul, focused at listeners aged 15–29) - DAB+ and the Internet *

Polskie Radio 24 Polskie Radio 24 (Polish Radio 24) is the news radio station established by Polskie Radio, the Polish national public-service radio broadcaster. History Essentially (since 2010) the program could be heard exclusively over the Internet, but sin ...

- (news/talk) - FM, DAB+ and the Internet * Audytorium 17 - (public regional radio network) - FM, DAB+ and the Internet *

Radio Poland Radio Poland (until January 2007 as Radio Polonia, later "Polish Radio External Service" (, in Polish legislation also named as Polskie Radio Program V) is the official international broadcasting station of Poland and is a part of Poland’s pub ...

- (external service in English, Polish, German, Ukrainian, Russian and Belarusian) - 1386 AM, FM (in selected areas abroad), DAB+ (in Poland), satellite and the Internet * Polskie Radio Chopin - (Polish classical music) - DAB+ and the Internet * Polskie Radio Dzieciom - (kids/learning) - DAB+ and the Internet * Polskie Radio Kierowców (Polish Radio for Drivers) - (road news, automotive news and rock music) - DAB+ and the Internet * 59 thematic radio channels on moje.polskieradio.pl

Polish Internet Media

# Onet.pl # WP.pl #

Interia.pl Interia, formerly Interia.pl, is a large Polish web portal and online news platform launched in 2000 in Kraków, Poland. It is the 4th largest online news source in the country. The list of its 130 services includes the national and international ...

# Gazeta.pl #

# Wyborcza.pl # RMF24.pl # Tokfm.pl # Radiozet.pl
Zycie.news

Privately owned stations

Bauer Media Group Heinrich Bauer Publishing (), trade name, trading as Bauer Media Group, is a German multimedia conglomerate headquartered in Hamburg. It operates worldwide and owns more than 600 magazines, over 400 digital products and 50 radio and TV stations, ...

company: *

- hot adult contemporary radio (target demographic 18-44) (nationwide) * RMF MAXX - contemporary hit radio (target demographic 13-34) (22 local stations) *

RMF Classic RMF FM (abbreviation to ''Radio Muzyka Fakty FM'', translation: ''Radio Music Facts FM''; previously: ''Radio Małopolska Fun FM''; translation: ''Radio Lesser Poland Fun FM'') is the first commercial radio station in Poland, currently broadca ...

- classical and film music (cross-regional station in 19 cities) * Radio Gra - two local stations in Toruń and Wrocław. *

Radio Jura Radio is the technology of communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 3 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmitter connected to ...

- local station in Częstochowa. * Radio 90 - local station in Rybnik/Cieszyn. * Radiofonia - University Radio in Kraków. Eurozet company: *

- hot adult contemporary radio (Target Demographic 21-49) (nationwide) * Meloradio - soft adult contemporary radio (19 local stations) * Chillizet - chillout and jazz music (4 local stations) *

Antyradio Antyradio is a Polish radio network broadcasting all genres of rock music, although mostly broadcasting contemporary rock hits. The current owner of the network is Eurozet. Antyradio started broadcasting on 1 June 2005. ''Managers:'' * Marc ...

- rock and metal music (cross-regional station in 16 cities)

Grupa ZPR Media Grupa may refer to: * Grupa, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, village in the administrative district of Gmina Dragacz, within Świecie County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland * Grupa-Osiedle,village in the administrative di ...

company: *

Radio Eska Radio Eska is a commercial radio station in Poland. Part of the ''Time Radio Group'', Eska's sister stations include Eska Rock, Vox FM and Eska2. It is the third radio station in terms of listenership in Poland. The headquarters of Radio Eska S ...

- contemporary hit radio (target demographic 15-34) (39 local stations) *

Eska Rock Eska Rock (often stylized as Eska ROCK) is a Polish radio channel broadcast by Grupa Radiowa Time. The station plays mainly modern rock, indie rock and alternative rock, from "classic" rock songs, to the newest "hits". Eska Rock started broadcas ...

- mainly rock music (local station broadcasting in Warsaw) * VOX FM - mostly disco & dance music (cross-regional station in 18 cities) * Eska2 - only Polish music (19 local stations) * Radio Plus - upbeat oldies from the '70s, '80s & '90s and Catholic broadcasting (target demographic 40 and older) (18 local stations, some in cooperation with Eurozet)

Agora SA Agora Spółka Akcyjna (Agora SA) is a Polish media company. Agora and ''Gazeta Wyborcza'' (''The'' ''Electoral Gazette'') were created on the eve of the 1989 Polish legislative election, parliamentary elections in 1989. ''Gazeta Wyborcza'' beca ...

company: *

TOK FM Agora Spółka Akcyjna (Agora SA) is a Polish media company. Agora and ''Gazeta Wyborcza'' (''The'' ''Electoral Gazette'') were created on the eve of the parliamentary elections in 1989. ''Gazeta Wyborcza'' became the first independent newspape ...

- rolling news, talk, current affairs (cross-regional station in 19 cities) * Radio Złote Przeboje - mainly oldies music (Target Demographic 30-49) (23 local stations) *

Radio Pogoda Radio is the technology of communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 3 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmitter connected to ...

- retro music (7 local stations) *

Rock Radio Rock Radio was a brand of radio stations in the United Kingdom owned by GMG Radio. 96.3 Rock Radio was the first station in the network. It operated in West Central Scotland. The station was launched on the frequency which was formerly used by ...

- classic rock music (Target Demographic 18-39) (4 local stations) Other radio stations * MUZO.FM - rock, indie and news station (cross-regional station in 9 cities) *

Radio Maryja Radio Maryja is a religious and political socially conservative Polish radio station. It was founded in Toruń, Poland, on 9 December 1991, by the Redemptorist Tadeusz Rydzyk. The name "Maryja" is a traditional Polish form of the name "Mary ...

- catolic (nationwide) *

Radio Wnet Radio Wnet – Polish radio station and online social networking site, founded in 2009 by Krzysztof Skowroński, Grzegorz Wasowski, Katarzyna Adamiak-Sroczyńska, Monika Makowska-Wasowska, Wojciech Cejrowski and Jerzy Jachowicz. Authors and coll ...

- universal (cross-regional station in 8 cities) Independent local radio stations, broadcasting on FM * Akademickie Radio Centrum (Lublin) * Akademickie Radio Centrum (Rzeszów) * Akademickie Radio Index (Zielona Góra) * Akademickie Radio Kampus (Warszawa) * Akademickie Radio LUZ (Wrocław) * Białoruskie Radio Racja * Bon Ton Radio (Chełm) * Diecezjalne Radio Nadzieja (Łomża) * Emaus – Katolickie Radio Poznań * Katolickie Radio Anioł Beskidów (Bielsko-Biała) * Katolickie Radio Podlasie (Siedlce) * Katolickie Radio Rodzina (Wrocław) * Katolickie Radio Zamość (Zamość) * KRDP – Katolickie Radio Diecezji Płockiej (Ciechanów) * KRDP – Katolickie Radio Diecezji Płockiej (Płock) * Muzyczne Radio (Jelenia Góra) * Nasze Radio (Sieradz) * Nasze Radio Nostalgicznie (Zduńska Wola) * POPradio (Pruszków) * Radio Kaszëbë * Radio 5 Ełk * Radio 5 Suwałki * Radio 7 (Mława) * Radio Afera (Poznań) * Radio Akadera (Białystok) * Radio Alex (Zakopane) * Radio Bartoszyce * Radio Bayer FM (Suwałki) * Radio Bielsko * Radio Bogoria (Grodzisk Mazowiecki) * Radio CCM * Radio Centrum (Kalisz) * Radio Doxa (Opole) * Radio Elka (Głogów) * Radio Elka (Leszno) * Radio eM Katowice * Radio eM Kielce * Radio Express FM (Tychy) * Radio Fama Kielce * Radio Fama Słupsk * Radio Fama Tomaszów * Radio Fama Wołomin * Radio Fama Żyrardów * Radio Fara (Przemyśl) * Radio Fest (Chorzów) * Radio Fiat (Częstochowa) * Radio Głos (Pelplin) * Radio Gniezno * Radio Hit (Włocławek) * Radio i (Białystok) * Radio Jard (Białystok) * Radio Jasna Góra (Częstochowa) * Radio Kolor (Warszawa) * Radio Kołobrzeg * Radio Konin FM * Radio Kujawy (Włocławek) * Radio Leliwa (Tarnobrzeg) * Radio LEM FM (Gorlice/Polkowice) * Radio Malbork * Radio Nakło * Radio Niepokalanów (Łódź-Warszawa) * Radio Norda (Wejherowo) * Radio Nysa FM * Radio Oko (Ostrołęka) * Radio ONY FM (Nysa) * Radio Ostrowiec * Radio Parada (Łódź) * Radio Park (Kędzierzyn-Koźle) * Radio Piekary * Radio Płock FM * Radio Płońsk * Radio Puławy 24 * Radio Q (Kutno) * Radio Radom * Radio Rekord FM (Radom) * Radio Rekord Mazowsze (Ciechanów) * Radio Silesia (Zabrze) * Radio Sochaczew * Radio Starogard (Starogard Gdański) * Radio Strefa FM Piotrków * Radio SUD FM (Kępno) * Radio Sudety 24 (Strzegom) * Radio Super FM (Szczecin) * Radio Tczew * Radio UWM FM (Olsztyn) * Radio Vanessa (Racibórz) * Radio VIA (Rzeszów) * Radio Victoria (Łowicz) * Radio Warszawa * Radio Weekend (Chojnice) * Radio Wielkopolska * Radio Września FM * Radio Ziemi Wieluńskiej (Wieluń) * Radio Żnin FM * RDN Małopolska (Tarnów) * RDN Nowy Sącz * Rekord – Radio Świętokrzyskie (Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski) * RSC Radio Skierniewice * Studenckie Radio Żak (Łódź) * Trendy Radio (Krosno) * Twoja Polska Stacja (Częstochowa) * Twoje Radio (Stargard Szczeciński)

Press (all private)

Daily papers

(left-wing) *

(centrist) *

Polska Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

(centrist; edited in cooperation with the

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...

daily ''

The Times ''The Times'' is a British Newspaper#Daily, daily Newspaper#National, national newspaper based in London. It began in 1785 under the title ''The Daily Universal Register'', adopting its modern name on 1 January 1788. ''The Times'' and its si ...

'') * Gazeta Polska Codziennie (right-wing) *

(tabloid – German Swiss owned – Axel-Springer) * Super Express (tabloid) *

Nasz Dziennik ''Nasz Dziennik'' (, "Our Daily") is a Polish-language Roman Catholic daily newspaper A newspaper is a Periodical literature, periodical publication containing written News, information about current events and is often typed in black ink w ...

(catholic, right-wing)

Weekly magazines

(left-wing) *

(Polish edition of

, left-wing. German Swiss owned. Axel-Springer) *

Do rzeczy ''Do Rzeczy'' (; ) is a Polish-language conservative weekly news and political magazine published in Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The m ...

(right-wing) *

Przekrój ''Przekrój'' (; ''Cross-section'') was the oldest Polish weekly newsmagazine in operation, established in 1945 in Kraków. After temporary closure in 2013, it was bought by photographer Tomasz Niewiadomski and subsequently relaunched in December ...

(left-wing) *

Przegląd Przegląd (, English: ''Review'') is a weekly Polish news and opinion magazine published in Warsaw, Poland. History and profile ''Przegląd'' was started in 1990 as the successor of another weekly, ''Przegląd Tygodniowy'', which had been publi ...

(left-wing) * NIE (left-wing, owned by Jerzy Urban, the Polish communist government's spokesman during 1981–1989) *

(right-wing) *

Najwyższy Czas! ''Najwyższy Czas!'' (, ''About Time!'') is a Polish far-right libertarian conservative sociopolitical weekly news magazine, published since 31 March 1990 by ''Oficyna Konserwatystów i Liberałów'', owned by Janusz Korwin-Mikke and connected ...

(right-wing to far-right) *

Tygodnik Powszechny ''Tygodnik Powszechny'' (, ''The Common Weekly'') is a Polish Roman Catholic weekly magazine, published in Kraków, which focuses on social, cultural and political issues. It was established in 1945 under the auspices of Cardinal Adam Stefan Sap ...

(Catholic socio-cultural weekly, centrist to centre-right) * Niedziela (Catholic, right-wing) *

Gość Niedzielny ''Gość Niedzielny'' (; lit. Sunday Guest) is a Polish weekly Catholic news magazine. It is published in Katowice Katowice (, ) is the capital city of the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland and the central city of the Katowice urban area ...

(Catholic, right-wing) * Angora (centrist to centre-left Polish and world press review, owned by Agora SA Cox Communications Media Development Investment Fund) *

Forum Forum or The Forum may refer to: Common uses *Forum (legal), designated space for public expression in the United States *Forum (Roman), open public space within a Roman city **Roman Forum, most famous example * Internet forum, discussion board ...

(world press review, centrist)

Internet

Top-level domain A top-level domain (TLD) is one of the domain name, domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System of the Internet after the root domain. The top-level domain names are installed in the DNS root zone, root zone of the nam ...

: .pl *

Internet users The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a network of networks that consists of private, publ ...

: 25.0 million users, 21st in the world; 65.0% of the population, 54th in the world (2012).Calculated using penetration rate and population data fro
"Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2012"
Population data, International Programs, U.S. Census Bureau, retrieved 26 June 2013"Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000-2012"
International Telecommunication Union (Geneva), June 2013, retrieved 22 June 2013 * Fixed broadband: 6.4 million subscriptions, 17th in the world; 16.6% of the population, 54th in the world (2012)."Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"
Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE,

International Telecommunication Union The International Telecommunication Union (ITU)In the other common languages of the ITU: * * is a list of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for many matters related to information ...

. Retrieved on 29 June 2013. *

Wireless broadband Wireless broadband is a telecommunications technology that provides high-speed wireless Internet access or computer networking access over a wide area. The term encompasses both fixed and mobile broadband. The term broadband Originally the wo ...

: 18.9 million subscriptions, 16th in the world; 49.3% of the population, 33rd in the world (2012)."Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"
Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE,

. Retrieved on 29 June 2013. *

Internet hosts A network host is a computer or other device connected to a computer network. A host may work as a server offering information resources, services, and applications to users or other hosts on the network. Hosts are assigned at least one network a ...

: 13.3 million hosts, 12th in the world (2012)."Internet hosts"
, ''World Factbook'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2013.

References

Bibliography

* *

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Media Of Poland

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

The media landscape

History and political landscape

Legal framework

Media polarisation

Media ownership

Media freedom and pluralism

Public television and radio broadcasters

TV stations

Digital TV platforms (all private)

Radio stations

Polskie Radio (public broadcaster)

Polish Internet Media

Privately owned stations

Press (all private)

Daily papers

Weekly magazines

Internet

See also

References

Bibliography

External links