Maykop State Technological University
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Maykop is the capital city of
Adygea Adygea ( ), officially the Republic of Adygea or the Adygean Republic, is a republics of Russia, republic of Russia. It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. The republic is a part of the Southern Federal District, and covers an a ...
,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
, located on the right bank of the Belaya River. It borders
Maykopsky District Maykopsky District (; ) is an administrativeLaw #171 and a municipalLaw #283 district (raion), one of the list of administrative and municipal divisions of the Republic of Adygea, seven in the Republic of Adygea, Russia. It is located in the south ...
, from which it is administratively and municipally independent, to the east and south;
Giaginsky District Giaginsky District (; ) is an administrativeLaw #171 and a municipalLaw #249 district (raion), one of the seven in the Republic of Adygea, Russia. It is located in the northern central portion of the republic and borders with Shovgenovsky Dis ...
to the north, and
Belorechensky District Belorechensky District () is an administrative district ( raion), one of the thirty-eight in Krasnodar Krai, Russia.Reference Information #34.01-707/13-03 As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Belorechensky Municipal District.Law #767-K ...
of
Krasnodar Krai Krasnodar Krai (, ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the North Caucasus region in Southern Russia and is administratively a part of the Southern Federal District. Its administrative center is the t ...
to the west. Population:


History

The city gave its name to the early
Bronze Age The Bronze Age () was a historical period characterised principally by the use of bronze tools and the development of complex urban societies, as well as the adoption of writing in some areas. The Bronze Age is the middle principal period of ...
Maykop culture The Maykop culture or Maikop culture (, , scientific transliteration: ''Majkop,''), c. 3700 BC–3000 BC, is a major Bronze Age archaeological culture in the western Caucasus region. It extends along the area from the Taman Peninsula at the Ker ...
after the discovery of a royal burial site there in 1897. Following the establishment of a military camp in 1825, the
Imperial Russian Army The Imperial Russian Army () was the army of the Russian Empire, active from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was organized into a standing army and a state militia. The standing army consisted of Regular army, regular troops and ...
built a military fort at Maykop in 1857. In 1910
oil An oil is any nonpolar chemical substance that is composed primarily of hydrocarbons and is hydrophobic (does not mix with water) and lipophilic (mixes with other oils). Oils are usually flammable and surface active. Most oils are unsaturate ...
deposits were discovered in the vicinity of Maykop. The city was the administrative center of the Maykopsky Otdel of the Kuban Oblast. In 1936, Maykop and the surrounding region merged with
Adyghe Autonomous Oblast Adyghe Autonomous Oblast () was an autonomous oblast within Krasnodar Krai, Soviet Union. It existed from 1922 to 1991. Cherkess (Adyghe) Autonomous Oblast was established within the Russian SFSR on July 27, 1922, on the territories of Kuban-Bl ...
and became the
administrative centre An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located. In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgi ...
of the autonomy. The
Wehrmacht The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the German Army (1935–1945), ''Heer'' (army), the ''Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmac ...
occupied Maykop on 10 August 1942 without a fight as a result of a
Brandenburger The Brandenburger is a German horse breed, breed of warmblood sport horse from the states of Germany, state of Brandenburg in north-eastern Germany. From the 1960s – when Brandenburg was in East Germany – it was included in the stud-book ...
commando A commando is a combatant, or operative of an elite light infantry or special operations force, specially trained for carrying out raids and operating in small teams behind enemy lines. Originally, "a commando" was a type of combat unit, as oppo ...
operation. German attempts to re-start oil production in the scorched-earth area proved only minimally successful. On 29 January 1943, the
Transcaucasian Front The Transcaucasus Front (), also translated as Transcaucasian Front, was a front of the Soviet Red Army—a military formation comparable to an army group, not a geographic military front—during the Second World War. The Transcaucasus Front ...
of the
Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...
re-took the town. Since 1991 Maykop has served as the capital of the Republic of Adygea in the
Russian Federation Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
.


Economy

The discovery of extensive underground oil reserves has made Maykop a major centre for oil extraction for the
Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
and, subsequently,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
. Other economically important sectors are food processing and the timber industry.


Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with eight rural localities, incorporated as Maykop Republican Urban Okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the
districts A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions ...
.Law #171 It has the following rural localities under its jurisdiction:Law #223 *''
khutor A khutor ( ; rus, хутор, p=ˈxutər) or khutir (, ) is a type of rural locality in some countries of Eastern Europe; in the past the term mostly referred to a single- homestead settlement.Gaverdovsky Gaverdovsky (; ) is a khutor in Koshekhablsky District, urban okrug of Maykop, Russia. The population was 3,824 as of 2018. There are 65 streets. Geography The khutor is located on the right bank of the Belaya River, 8 km west of Maykop (the d ...
*''
stanitsa A stanitsa or stanitza ( ; ), also spelled stanycia ( ) or stanica ( ), was a historical administrative unit of a Cossack host, a type of Cossack polity that existed in the Russian Empire. Etymology The Russian word is the diminutive of the word ...
'' of
Khanskaya Khanskaya (; ) is a rural locality (a ''stanitsa'') under the administrative jurisdiction of Maykop Republican Urban Okrug in the Republic of Adygea, Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and Nort ...
*''khutor'' of Kosinov *settlement of Podgorny *settlement of
Rodnikovy Rodnikovy (; ) is a settlement in the urban okrug of Maykop, Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, ...
*settlement of Severny *''khutor'' of
Vesyoly Vesyoly (; masculine), Vesyolaya (; feminine), or Vesyoloye (; neuter) is the name of several types of inhabited localities in Russia, rural localities in Russia: Republic of Adygea As of 2010, four rural localities in the Republic of Adygea bear t ...
*settlement of Zapadny As a municipal division, Maykop Republican Urban Okrug is incorporated as Maykop Urban Okrug.Law #171 stipulates that the borders of the republican urban okrugs are identical to those of the municipal urban okrugs.


Ethnic groups

Ethnic groups in Maykop (2010): Ethnic groups in Maykop (2020):Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2020 года. Том 5. Национальный состав и владение языками. Таблица 1. Национальный состав населения
/ref>


Education

Maykop is home to the Adyghe State University and Maykop State Technological University. There are also several facilities of professional education in Maykop. There are many schools. For example, Adyghe Republican Gymnasium which is located near the mosque, the theatre and the park of friendship. It has 11 grades. There are many rules: students must wear a uniform, girls must have pony tails or braids. The school has five buildings. There is a sports hall where students play basketball and volleyball. There is also a football pitch where boys play football. A canteen is a separate building.


Geography


Climate

Maykop lies within the
humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a subtropical -temperate climate type, characterized by long and hot summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between ...
zone (''Cfa''), according to the
Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification divides Earth climates into five main climate groups, with each group being divided based on patterns of seasonal precipitation and temperature. The five main groups are ''A'' (tropical), ''B'' (arid), ''C'' (te ...
, or just within the
humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers, and cold ...
(''Dfa'') zone according to the isotherm. February 15, 2010 saw Maykop record the absolute maximum for any winter month in Russia: .


Military

On the south side of the city, alongside the Belaya River is the military complex housing the 131st Motor Rifle Brigade of the
Southern Military District The Order of the Red Banner Southern Military District () is a military district of Russia. It is one of the five military districts of the Russian Armed Forces, with its jurisdiction primarily within the North Caucasus region of the country ...
of the
Russian Armed Forces The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, commonly referred to as the Russian Armed Forces, are the military of Russia. They are organized into three service branches—the Russian Ground Forces, Ground Forces, Russian Navy, Navy, and Russi ...
which took part in the
First Chechen War The First Chechen War, also referred to as the First Russo-Chechen War, was a struggle for independence waged by the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria against the invading Russia, Russian Federation from 1994 to 1996. After a mutually agreed on treaty ...
.


Notable people

*
Nikita Kucherov Nikita Igorevich Kucherov (; born 17 June 1993) is a Russian professional ice hockey right winger and alternate captain for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League (NHL). Regarded as one of the best players in the world, Kucherov ...
, professional ice hockey player * Anton Nemkin, politician, entrepreneur and racing driver


Notes


References


Sources

* * {{Authority control Kuban oblast Populated places established in 1857 1857 establishments in the Russian Empire Populated places in Maykop Federal City