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Events


Pre-1600

* 567 BCServius Tullius, the king of
Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...
, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. * 240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of
Halley's Comet Halley's Comet is the only known List of periodic comets, short-period comet that is consistently visible to the naked eye from Earth, appearing every 72–80 years, though with the majority of recorded apparitions (25 of 30) occurring after ...
. * 1085Alfonso VI of Castile takes
Toledo, Spain Toledo ( ; ) is a city and Municipalities of Spain, municipality of Spain, the capital of the province of Toledo and the ''de jure'' seat of the government and parliament of the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Castilla� ...
, back from the
Moors The term Moor is an Endonym and exonym, exonym used in European languages to designate the Muslims, Muslim populations of North Africa (the Maghreb) and the Iberian Peninsula (particularly al-Andalus) during the Middle Ages. Moors are not a s ...
. * 1420Henry the Navigator is appointed governor of the Order of Christ. * 1521 – The Diet of Worms ends when Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, issues the Edict of Worms, declaring Martin Luther an outlaw.


1601–1900

* 1644Ming general
Wu Sangui Wu Sangui (; 8 June 1612 – 2 October 1678), courtesy name Changbai () or Changbo (), was a Chinese military leader who played a key role in the fall of the Ming dynasty and the founding of the Qing dynasty. In Chinese folklore, Wu Sangui is r ...
forms an alliance with the invading Manchus and opens the gates of the
Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China (, literally "ten thousand ''li'' long wall") is a series of fortifications in China. They were built across the historical northern borders of ancient Chinese states and Imperial China as protection against vario ...
at Shanhaiguan pass, letting the Manchus through towards the capital Beijing. * 1659Richard Cromwell resigns as
Lord Protector Lord Protector (plural: ''Lords Protector'') is a title that has been used in British constitutional law for the head of state. It was also a particular title for the British heads of state in respect to the established church. It was sometime ...
of England following the restoration of the Long Parliament, beginning a second brief period of the republican government called the Commonwealth of England. * 1660Charles II lands at Dover at the invitation of the Convention Parliament, which marks the end of the Cromwell-proclaimed Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland and begins the Restoration of the British monarchy. * 1738 – A treaty between
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a U.S. state, state spanning the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern United States, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes region, Great Lakes regions o ...
and
Maryland Maryland ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It borders the states of Virginia to its south, West Virginia to its west, Pennsylvania to its north, and Delaware to its east ...
ends the Conojocular War with settlement of a boundary dispute and exchange of prisoners. * 1763 – First issue of '' Norske Intelligenz-Seddeler'', the first regular Norwegian newspaper (1763–1920). * 1787 – After a delay of 11 days, the United States Constitutional Convention formally convenes in Philadelphia after a quorum of seven states is secured. * 1798United Irishmen Rebellion: Battle of Carlow begins; executions of suspected rebels at Carnew and at Dunlavin Green take place. * 1809Chuquisaca Revolution: Patriot revolt in Chuquisaca (modern-day
Sucre Sucre (; ) is the ''de jure'' capital city of Bolivia, the capital of the Chuquisaca Department and the sixth most populous city in Bolivia. Located in the south-central part of the country, Sucre lies at an elevation of . This relatively high ...
) against the
Spanish Empire The Spanish Empire, sometimes referred to as the Hispanic Monarchy (political entity), Hispanic Monarchy or the Catholic Monarchy, was a colonial empire that existed between 1492 and 1976. In conjunction with the Portuguese Empire, it ushered ...
, sparking the Latin American wars of independence. * 1810May Revolution: Citizens of
Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, controlled by the government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Argentina. It is located on the southwest of the Río de la Plata. Buenos Aires is classified as an Alpha− glob ...
expel
Viceroy A viceroy () is an official who reigns over a polity in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory. The term derives from the Latin prefix ''vice-'', meaning "in the place of" and the Anglo-Norman ''roy'' (Old Frenc ...
Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros during the "May Week", starting the Argentine War of Independence. * 1819 – The Argentine Constitution of 1819 is promulgated. * 1833 – The Chilean Constitution of 1833 is promulgated. * 1865 – In
Mobile, Alabama Mobile ( , ) is a city and the county seat of Mobile County, Alabama, United States. The population was 187,041 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. After a successful vote to annex areas west of the city limits in July 2023, Mobil ...
, around 300 people are killed when an ordnance depot explodes. * 1878Gilbert and Sullivan's
comic opera Comic opera, sometimes known as light opera, is a sung dramatic work of a light or comic nature, usually with a happy ending and often including spoken dialogue. Forms of comic opera first developed in late 17th-century Italy. By the 1730s, a ne ...
'' H.M.S. Pinafore'' opens at the Opera Comique in London. * 1895 – Playwright, poet and novelist
Oscar Wilde Oscar Fingal O'Fflahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 185430 November 1900) was an Irish author, poet, and playwright. After writing in different literary styles throughout the 1880s, he became one of the most popular and influential playwright ...
is convicted of "committing acts of gross indecency with other male persons" and sentenced to serve two years in prison. * 1895 – The Republic of Formosa is formed, with Tang Jingsong as its president.


1901–present

* 1914 – The
House of Commons of the United Kingdom The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the upper house, the House of Lords, it meets in the Palace of Westminster in London, England. The House of Commons is an elected body consisting of 650 memb ...
passes the Home Rule Bill for
devolution Devolution is the statutory delegation of powers from the central government of a sovereign state to govern at a subnational level, such as a regional or local level. It is a form of administrative decentralization. Devolved territori ...
in Ireland. * 1925Scopes Trial: John T. Scopes is indicted for teaching
human evolution ''Homo sapiens'' is a distinct species of the hominid family of primates, which also includes all the great apes. Over their evolutionary history, humans gradually developed traits such as Human skeletal changes due to bipedalism, bipedalism, de ...
in Tennessee. * 1926Sholom Schwartzbard assassinates Symon Petliura, the head of the government of the Ukrainian People's Republic, which is in government-in-exile in Paris. * 1933The Walt Disney Company
cartoon A cartoon is a type of visual art that is typically drawn, frequently Animation, animated, in an realism (arts), unrealistic or semi-realistic style. The specific meaning has evolved, but the modern usage usually refers to either: an image or s ...
'' Three Little Pigs'' premieres at Radio City Music Hall, featuring the hit song " Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?" *
1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * January 12 – Amelia Earhart ...
Jesse Owens James Cleveland "Jesse" Owens (September 12, 1913 – March 31, 1980) was an American track and field athlete who made history at the Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics, 1936 Olympic Games by becoming the first person to win four gold meda ...
of
Ohio State University The Ohio State University (Ohio State or OSU) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Columbus, Ohio, United States. A member of the University System of Ohio, it was founded in 1870. It is one ...
breaks three world records and ties a fourth at the
Big Ten Conference The Big Ten Conference (stylized B1G, formerly the Western Conference and the Big Nine Conference, among others) is a collegiate List of NCAA conferences, athletic conference in the United States. Founded as the Intercollegiate Conference of Fa ...
Track and Field Championships in
Ann Arbor, Michigan Ann Arbor is a city in Washtenaw County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The 2020 United States census, 2020 census recorded its population to be 123,851, making it the List of municipalities in Michigan, fifth-most populous cit ...
. *
1938 Events January * January 1 – state-owned enterprise, State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France (SNCF) and the Netherlands (Nederlandse Spoorwegen – NS). * January 20 – King Farouk of Egypt marries Saf ...
Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War () was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republicans and the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the Left-wing p ...
: The bombing of
Alicante Alicante (, , ; ; ; officially: ''/'' ) is a city and municipalities of Spain, municipality in the Valencian Community, Spain. It is the capital of the province of Alicante and a historic Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean port. The population ...
kills 313 people. * 1940
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
: The German 2nd Panzer Division captures the port of Boulogne-sur-Mer; the surrender of the last French and British troops marks the end of the Battle of Boulogne. *
1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
– The parliament of Transjordan makes Abdullah I of Jordan their
Emir Emir (; ' (), also Romanization of Arabic, transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic language, Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocratic, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person po ...
. *
1953 Events January * January 6 – The Asian Socialist Conference opens in Rangoon, Burma. * January 12 – Estonian émigrés found a Estonian government-in-exile, government-in-exile in Oslo. * January 14 ** Marshal Josip Broz Tito ...
Nuclear weapons testing Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine the performance of nuclear weapons and the effects of Nuclear explosion, their explosion. Nuclear testing is a sensitive political issue. Governments have often performed tests to si ...
: At the Nevada Test Site, the United States conducts its first and only
nuclear artillery Nuclear artillery is a subset of limited-nuclear weapon yield, yield tactical nuclear weapons, in particular those weapons that are launched from the ground at battlefield targets. Nuclear artillery is commonly associated with shell (projectile ...
test. * 1953 – The first public television station in the United States officially begins broadcasting as KUHT from the campus of the
University of Houston The University of Houston (; ) is a Public university, public research university in Houston, Texas, United States. It was established in 1927 as Houston Junior College, a coeducational institution and one of multiple junior colleges formed in ...
. * 1955 – In the United States, a night-time F5
tornado A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with the surface of Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. It is often referred to as a twister, whirlwind or cyclone, although the ...
strikes the small city of Udall, Kansas as part of a larger outbreak across the Great Plains, killing 80 and injuring 273. It is the deadliest tornado to ever occur in the state and the 23rd deadliest in the U.S. * 1955 – First ascent of Mount Kangchenjunga: On the British Kangchenjunga expedition led by Charles Evans, Joe Brown and George Band reach the summit of the third-highest mountain in the world (8,586 meters); Norman Hardie and Tony Streather join them the following day. * 1961
Apollo program The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the United States human spaceflight program led by NASA, which Moon landing, landed the first humans on the Moon in 1969. Apollo followed Project Mercury that put the first Americans in sp ...
: U.S. President John F. Kennedy announces, before a special joint session of the U.S. Congress, his goal to initiate a project to put a "man on the
Moon The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It Orbit of the Moon, orbits around Earth at Lunar distance, an average distance of (; about 30 times Earth diameter, Earth's diameter). The Moon rotation, rotates, with a rotation period (lunar ...
" before the end of the decade. * 1963 – The Organisation of African Unity is established in
Addis Ababa Addis Ababa (; ,) is the capital city of Ethiopia, as well as the regional state of Oromia. With an estimated population of 2,739,551 inhabitants as of the 2007 census, it is the largest city in the country and the List of cities in Africa b ...
, Ethiopia. * 1966Explorer program: '' Explorer 32'' launches. * 1968 – The Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri, is dedicated. *
1973 Events January * January 1 – The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 14 - The 16-0 19 ...
– In protest against the dictatorship in Greece, the captain and crew on Greek naval destroyer mutiny and refuse to return to Greece, instead anchoring at Fiumicino, Italy. * 1977''Star Wars'' (retroactively titled ''Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope'') is released in US theaters. * 1977 – The Chinese government removes a decade-old ban on
William Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( 23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's nation ...
's work, effectively ending the
Cultural Revolution The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a Social movement, sociopolitical movement in the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). It was launched by Mao Zedong in 1966 and lasted until his de ...
started in 1966. *
1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd ...
– The first of a series of bombings orchestrated by the Unabomber detonates at
Northwestern University Northwestern University (NU) is a Private university, private research university in Evanston, Illinois, United States. Established in 1851 to serve the historic Northwest Territory, it is the oldest University charter, chartered university in ...
resulting in minor injuries. *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
John Spenkelink, a convicted murderer, is executed in
Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...
; he is the first person to be executed in the state after the reintroduction of capital punishment in 1976. * 1979 – American Airlines Flight 191: A McDonnell Douglas DC-10 crashes during takeoff at
O'Hare International Airport Chicago O'Hare International Airport is the primary international airport serving Chicago, Illinois, United States, located on the city's Northwest Side, approximately northwest of the Chicago Loop, Loop business district. The airport is ope ...
, Chicago, killing all 271 on board and two people on the ground. * 1981 – In
Riyadh Riyadh is the capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia. It is also the capital of the Riyadh Province and the centre of the Riyadh Governorate. Located on the eastern bank of Wadi Hanifa, the current form of the metropolis largely emerged in th ...
, the Gulf Cooperation Council is created between
Bahrain Bahrain, officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, is an island country in West Asia. Situated on the Persian Gulf, it comprises a small archipelago of 50 natural islands and an additional 33 artificial islands, centered on Bahrain Island, which mak ...
,
Kuwait Kuwait, officially the State of Kuwait, is a country in West Asia and the geopolitical region known as the Middle East. It is situated in the northern edge of the Arabian Peninsula at the head of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to Iraq–Kuwait ...
,
Oman Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman, is a country located on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in West Asia and the Middle East. It shares land borders with Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Oman’s coastline ...
,
Qatar Qatar, officially the State of Qatar, is a country in West Asia. It occupies the Geography of Qatar, Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East; it shares Qatar–Saudi Arabia border, its sole land b ...
,
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia. Located in the centre of the Middle East, it covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about , making it the List of Asian countries ...
and the
United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates (UAE), or simply the Emirates, is a country in West Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is a Federal monarchy, federal elective monarchy made up of Emirates of the United Arab E ...
. * 1982
Falklands War The Falklands War () was a ten-week undeclared war between Argentina and the United Kingdom in 1982 over two British Overseas Territories, British dependent territories in the South Atlantic: the Falkland Islands and Falkland Islands Dependenci ...
: HMS ''Coventry'' is sunk by Argentine Air Force A-4 Skyhawks. * 1985
Bangladesh Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, eighth-most populous country in the world and among the List of countries and dependencies by ...
is hit by a
tropical cyclone A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its locat ...
and storm surge, which kills approximately 10,000 people. * 1986 – The Hands Across America event takes place. * 1997 – A military coup in
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It is bordered to the southeast by Liberia and by Guinea to the north. Sierra Leone's land area is . It has a tropical climate and envi ...
replaces President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah with Major Johnny Paul Koroma. *
1999 1999 was designated as the International Year of Older Persons. Events January * January 1 – The euro currency is established and the European Central Bank assumes its full powers. * January 3 – The Mars Polar Lander is launc ...
– The
United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the lower house, with the U.S. Senate being the upper house. Together, the House and Senate have the authority under Artic ...
releases the '' Cox Report'' which details
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
's nuclear espionage against the U.S. over the prior two decades. * 2000Liberation Day of Lebanon:
Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...
withdraws its army from Lebanese territory (with the exception of the disputed Shebaa farms zone) 18 years after the 1982 Lebanon War, invasion of 1982. *2001 – Erik Weihenmayer becomes the first blind person to reach the summit of Mount Everest, in the Himalayas, with Dr. Sherman Bull. *2002 – China Airlines Flight 611 disintegrates in mid-air and crashes into the Taiwan Strait, with the loss of all 225 people on board. *2008 – NASA's ''Phoenix (spacecraft), Phoenix'' lander touches down in the Green Valley (Mars), Green Valley region of Mars to search for environments suitable for water and Life on Mars, microbial life. *2009 – North Korea allegedly tests 2009 North Korean nuclear test, its second nuclear device, after which Pyongyang also conducts several missile tests, building tensions in the international community. *2011 – Oprah Winfrey airs her last show, ending her 25-year run of ''The Oprah Winfrey Show''. *2012 – The SpaceX Dragon 1 becomes the COTS Demo Flight 2, first commercial spacecraft to successfully rendezvous and berth with the International Space Station. *2013 – Suspected Naxalite, Maoist rebels kill at least 28 people and injure 32 others in 2013 Naxal attack in Darbha valley, an attack on a convoy of Indian National Congress politicians in Chhattisgarh, India. *2018 – The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) becomes enforceable in the European Union. * 2018 – Republic of Ireland, Ireland votes to repeal the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland, Eighth Amendment of their constitution that prohibits Abortion in the Republic of Ireland, abortion in all but a few cases, choosing to replace it with the Thirty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland.


Births


Pre-1600

*1048 – Emperor Shenzong of Song (died 1085) *1320 – Toghon Temür, Mongolian emperor (died 1370) *1334 – Emperor Sukō of Japan (died 1398) *1416 – Jakobus ("James"), Count of Lichtenburg (died 1480) *1417 – Catherine of Cleves (1417–1479), Catherine of Cleves, Duchess consort regent of Guelders (died 1479) *1550 – Camillus de Lellis, Italian saint and nurse (died 1614)


1601–1900

*1606 – Charles Garnier (missionary), Charles Garnier, French missionary and saint (died 1649) *1661 – Claude Buffier, Polish-French historian and philosopher (died 1737) *1713 – John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, Scottish politician, Prime Minister of Great Britain (died 1792) *1725 – Samuel Ward (Rhode Island politician), Samuel Ward, American politician, 31st and 33rd List of colonial governors of Rhode Island, Governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (died 1776) *1783 – Philip P. Barbour, American farmer and politician, 12th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (died 1841) *1791 – Minh Mạng, Vietnamese emperor (died 1841) *1803 – Edward Bulwer-Lytton, English author, playwright, and politician, Secretary of State for the Colonies (died 1873) * 1803 – Ralph Waldo Emerson, American poet and philosopher (died 1882) *1818 – Jacob Burckhardt, Swiss historian and academic (died 1897) * 1818 – Louise de Broglie, Countess d'Haussonville, French essayist and biographer (died 1882) *1830 – Robert Williams (Trebor Mai), Trebor Mai (né Robert Williams), Welsh poet (died 1877) *1846 – Naim Frashëri, Albanian-Turkish poet and translator (died 1900) *1848 – Johann Baptist Singenberger, Swiss composer, educator, and publisher (died 1924) *1852 – William Muldoon, American wrestler and trainer (died 1933) *1856 – Louis Franchet d'Espèrey, Algerian-French general (died 1942) *1860 – James McKeen Cattell, American psychologist and academic (died 1944) * 1865 – John Mott, American evangelist and saint, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1955) * 1865 – Pieter Zeeman, Dutch physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1943) * 1865 – Mathilde Verne, English pianist and educator (died 1936) *1867 – Anders Peter Nielsen, Danish target shooter (died 1950) *1869 – Robbie Ross, Canadian journalist and art critic (died 1918) * 1878 – Bill Robinson, American actor and dancer (died 1949) *1879 – Max Aitken, Lord Beaverbrook, Canadian-English businessman and politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (died 1964) * 1879 – C. C. Martindale, English Jesuit priest (died 1963) * 1879 – William Stickney (golfer), William Stickney, American golfer (died 1944) *1880 – Jean Alexandre Barré, French neurologist and academic (died 1967) *1882 – Marie Doro, American actress (died 1956) *1883 – Carl Johan Lind, Swedish hammer thrower (died 1965) *1886 – Rash Behari Bose, Indian soldier and activist (died 1945) * 1886 – Philip Murray, Scottish-American miner and labor leader (died 1952) *1887 – Padre Pio, Italian priest and saint (died 1968) *1888 – Miles Malleson, English actor and screenwriter (died 1969) *1889 – Günther Lütjens, German admiral (died 1941) * 1889 – Igor Sikorsky, Russian-American aircraft designer, founded Sikorsky Aircraft (died 1972) *1893 – Ernest Stoneman, Ernest "Pop" Stoneman, American country musician (died 1968) *1897 – Alan Kippax, Australian cricketer (died 1972) * 1897 – Gene Tunney, American boxer and soldier (died 1978) *1898 – Bennett Cerf, American publisher and television game show panelist; co-founded Random House (died 1971) *1899 – Kazi Nazrul Islam, Bengali poet, author, and flute player (died 1976) *1900 – Alain Grandbois, Canadian poet and author (died 1975) *1900 – George Lennon, Irish Republican Army leader during the Irish War of Independence and the Irish Civil War (died 1991)


1901–present

*1907 – U Nu, Burmese politician, 1st Prime Minister of Burma (died 1995) *1908 – Theodore Roethke, American poet (died 1963) *1909 – Alfred Kubel, German politician, 5th Prime Minister of Lower Saxony (died 1999) *1912 – Dean Rockwell, American commander, wrestler, and coach (died 2005) *1913 – Heinrich Bär, German colonel and pilot (died 1957) * 1913 – Richard Dimbleby, English journalist and producer (died 1965) *1916 – Brian Dickson, Canadian captain, lawyer, and politician, 15th Chief Justice of Canada (died 1998) * 1916 – Giuseppe Tosi, Italian discus thrower (died 1981) *1917 – Steve Cochran, American film, television and stage actor (died 1965) * 1917 – Theodore Hesburgh, American priest, theologian, and academic (died 2015) *1920 – Arthur Wint, Jamaican runner and diplomat (died 1992) *1921 – Hal David, American songwriter and composer (died 2012) * 1921 – Kitty Kallen, American singer (died 2016) * 1921 – Jack Steinberger, German-Swiss physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2020) *1922 – Enrico Berlinguer, Italian politician (died 1984) *1924 – István Nyers, French-Hungarian footballer (died 2005) * 1925 – Rosario Castellanos, Mexican poet and author (died 1974) * 1925 – Jeanne Crain, American actress (died 2003) * 1925 – Eldon Griffiths, English journalist and politician (died 2014) * 1925 – Don Liddle, American baseball player (died 2000) * 1925 – Claude Pinoteau, French film director and screenwriter (died 2012) * 1926 – Claude Akins, American actor (died 1994) * 1926 – William Bowyer (artist), William Bowyer, English painter and academic (died 2015) * 1926 – Phyllis Gotlieb, Canadian author and poet (died 2009) * 1926 – Bill Sharman, American basketball player and coach (died 2013) * 1926 – David Wynne (sculptor), David Wynne, English sculptor and painter (died 2014) *1927 – Robert Ludlum, American soldier and author (died 2001) * 1927 – Norman Petty, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer (died 1984) *1929 – Beverly Sills, American soprano and actress (died 2007) *1930 – Sonia Rykiel, French fashion designer (died 2016) *1931 – Herb Gray, Canadian lawyer and politician, 7th Deputy Prime Minister of Canada (died 2014) * 1931 – Georgy Grechko, Russian engineer and astronaut (died 2017) * 1931 – Irwin Winkler, American director and producer * 1931 – Makrand Mehta, Indian historian (died 2024) *1932 – John Gregory Dunne, American novelist, screenwriter, and critic (died 2003) * 1932 – K.C. Jones, American basketball player and coach (died 2020) * 1933 – Sarah Marshall (British actress), Sarah Marshall, English-American actress (died 2014) * 1933 – Basdeo Panday, Trinidadian lawyer and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (died 2024) * 1933 – Ray Spencer, English footballer (died 2016) * 1933 – Jógvan Sundstein, Faroese accountant and politician, 7th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (died 2024) *
1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * January 12 – Amelia Earhart ...
– John Ffowcs Williams, Welsh engineer and academic (died 2020) * 1935 – Cookie Gilchrist, American football player (died 2011) * 1935 – W. P. Kinsella, Canadian novelist and short story writer (died 2016) * 1935 – Victoria Shaw (actress), Victoria Shaw, Australian actress (died 1988) *1936 – Tom T. Hall, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2021) * 1936 – Rusi Surti, Indian cricketer (died 2013) *1937 – Tom Phillips (artist), Tom Phillips, English painter and academic (died 2022) *
1938 Events January * January 1 – state-owned enterprise, State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France (SNCF) and the Netherlands (Nederlandse Spoorwegen – NS). * January 20 – King Farouk of Egypt marries Saf ...
– Raymond Carver, American short story writer and poet (died 1988) * 1938 – Margaret Forster, English historian, author, and critic (died 2016) * 1938 – Geoffrey Robinson (politician), Geoffrey Robinson, English businessman and politician * 1938 – Yury Semyonov, Russian economist and politician (died 2024) *1939 – Dixie Carter, American actress and singer (died 2010) * 1939 – Ian McKellen, English actor * 1940 – Nobuyoshi Araki, Japanese photographer *1941 – Rudolf Adler, Czech filmmaker * 1941 – Uta Frith, German Developmental psychology, developmental psychologist * 1941 – Vladimir Voronin, Moldovan economist and politician, 3rd President of Moldova *1943 – Jessi Colter, American singer-songwriter and pianist * 1943 – John Palmer (musician), John Palmer, English keyboard player * 1943 – Leslie Uggams, American actress and singer *1944 – Digby Anderson, English journalist and philosopher * 1944 – Pierre Bachelet, French singer-songwriter (died 2005) * 1944 – Charlie Harper (singer), Charlie Harper, English singer-songwriter and producer * 1944 – Robert MacPherson (mathematician), Robert MacPherson, American mathematician and academic * 1944 – Frank Oz, English-born American puppeteer, filmmaker, and actor * 1944 – Chris Ralston, English rugby player *
1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
– Bill Adam, Scottish-Canadian racing driver * 1946 – David A. Hargrave, American game designer, created ''Arduin'' (died 1988) *1947 – Karen Valentine, American actress * 1947 – Catherine G. Wolf, American psychologist and computer scientist (died 2018) *1948 – Bülent Arınç, Turkish lawyer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey * 1948 – Marianne Elliott (historian), Marianne Elliott, Northern Irish historian, author, and academic * 1948 – Klaus Meine, German rock singer-songwriter *1949 – Jamaica Kincaid, Antiguan-American novelist, short story writer, and essayist * 1949 – Barry Windsor-Smith, English painter and illustrator *1950 – Robby Steinhardt, American rock violinist and singer (died 2021) *1951 – Bob Gale, American director, producer, and screenwriter *1952 – Jeffrey Bewkes, American businessman * 1952 – Nick Fotiu, American ice hockey player and coach * 1952 – David Jenkins (athlete), David Jenkins, Trinidadian-Scottish runner * 1952 – Al Sarrantonio, American author and publisher * 1952 – Gordon H. Smith, American businessman and politician *
1953 Events January * January 6 – The Asian Socialist Conference opens in Rangoon, Burma. * January 12 – Estonian émigrés found a Estonian government-in-exile, government-in-exile in Oslo. * January 14 ** Marshal Josip Broz Tito ...
– Eve Ensler, American playwright and producer * 1953 – Daniel Passarella, Argentinian footballer, coach, and manager * 1953 – Stan Sakai, Japanese-American author and illustrator * 1953 – Gaetano Scirea, Italian footballer (died 1989) *1954 – John Beck (footballer), John Beck, English footballer and manager * 1954 – Murali (Malayalam actor), Murali, Indian actor, producer, and politician (died 2009) * 1955 – Alistair Burt, English lawyer and politician *1956 – Stavros Arnaoutakis, Greek politician * 1956 – Larry Hogan, American politician, 62nd Governor of Maryland * 1956 – Kevin Lynch (hunger striker), Kevin Lynch, Irish Republican (died during the 1981 Irish hunger strike) * 1956 – David P. Sartor, American composer and conductor *1957 – Alastair Campbell, English journalist and author * 1957 – Edward Lee (writer), Edward Lee, American author * 1957 – Robert Picard, Canadian ice hockey player *1958 – Dorothy Straight, American children's author * 1958 – Paul Weller, English singer, songwriter and musician *1959 – Julian Clary, English comedian, actor, and author * 1959 – Manolis Kefalogiannis, Greek politician * 1959 – Rick Wamsley, Canadian ice hockey player and coach *1960 – Amy Klobuchar, American lawyer and politician * 1960 – Anthea Turner, English journalist and television host *1962 – Ric Nattress, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager * 1963 – George Hickenlooper, American director and producer (died 2010) * 1963 – Mike Myers, Canadian-American actor, singer, producer, and screenwriter * 1963 – Ludovic Orban, Romanian engineer and politician, List of Prime Ministers of Romania, 68th Prime Minister of Romania *1964 – David Shaw (ice hockey), David Shaw, Canadian-American ice hockey player *1965 – Yahya Jammeh, Gambian colonel and politician, President of the Gambia *1967 – Luc Nilis, Belgian footballer and manager * 1967 – Mark Rosewater, head designer of ''Magic: the Gathering'' * 1967 – Andrew Sznajder, Canadian tennis player * 1968 – Kendall Gill, American basketball player, boxer, and sportscaster *1969 – Glen Drover, Canadian guitarist and songwriter * 1969 – Anne Heche, American actress (died 2022) * 1969 – Karen Bernstein, Canadian voice actress * 1969 – Stacy London, American journalist and author *1970 – Robert Croft, Welsh-English cricketer and sportscaster * 1970 – Jamie Kennedy, American actor, producer, and screenwriter * 1970 – Octavia Spencer, American actress and author *1971 – Stefano Baldini, Italian runner * 1971 – Marco Cappato, Italian politician * 1971 – Juraj Droba, Slovak politician *1972 – Karan Johar, Indian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter *
1973 Events January * January 1 – The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 14 - The 16-0 19 ...
– Daz Dillinger, American rapper and producer * 1973 – Molly Sims, American model and actress *1974 – Dougie Freedman, Scottish footballer and manager * 1974 – Frank Klepacki, American drummer and composer * 1974 – Miguel Tejada, Dominican-American baseball player *1975 – Blaise Nkufo, Congolese-Swiss footballer *1976 – Stefan Holm, Swedish high jumper * 1976 – Erki Pütsep, Estonian cyclist * 1976 – Ethan Suplee, American actor * 1976 – Cillian Murphy, Irish actor * 1976 – Miguel Zepeda, Mexican footballer * 1977 – Andre Anis, Estonian footballer * 1977 – Alberto Del Rio, Mexican-American mixed martial artist and wrestler *
1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd ...
– Adam Gontier, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1978 – Brian Urlacher, American football player *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
– Carlos Bocanegra, American footballer and executive * 1979 – Sayed Moawad, Egyptian footballer * 1979 – Caroline Ouellette, Canadian ice hockey player and coach * 1979 – Sam Sodje, English-Nigerian footballer * 1979 – Jonny Wilkinson, English rugby player * 1979 – Chris Young (pitcher), Chris Young, American baseball pitcher *1980 – David Navarro (footballer), David Navarro, Spanish footballer * 1981 – Michalis Pelekanos, Greek basketball player * 1981 – Matt Utai, New Zealand rugby league player * 1982 – Adam Boyd, English footballer * 1982 – Daniel Braaten, Norwegian footballer * 1982 – Ryan Gallant, American skateboarder * 1982 – Roger Guerreiro, Polish footballer * 1982 – Justin Hodges, Australian rugby league player * 1982 – Ezekiel Kemboi, Kenyan runner * 1982 – Jason Kubel, American baseball player * 1982 – Stacey Pensgen, American figure skater and meteorologist * 1982 – Luke Webster, Australian footballer *1984 – Luke Ball, Australian footballer * 1984 – Kyle Brodziak, Canadian ice hockey player * 1984 – A. J. Foyt IV, American race car driver * 1984 – Shawne Merriman, American football player * 1985 – Luciana Abreu, Portuguese singer and actress * 1985 – Demba Ba, French footballer * 1985 – Gert Kams, Estonian footballer * 1985 – Roman Reigns, American football player and wrestler * 1986 – Edewin Fanini, Brazilian footballer * 1986 – Yoan Gouffran, French footballer * 1986 – Takahiro Hōjō, Japanese actor and musician * 1986 – Geraint Thomas, Welsh cyclist *1987 – Timothy Derijck, Belgian footballer * 1987 – Yves De Winter, Belgian footballer * 1987 – Moritz Stehling, German footballer * 1987 – Kamil Stoch, Polish ski jumper *1988 – Dávid Škutka, Slovak footballer * 1988 – Cameron van der Burgh, South African swimmer *1990 – Bo Dallas, American wrestler * 1990 – Nikita Filatov, Russian ice hockey player *1993 – James Porter (cricketer, born 1993), James Porter, English cricketer * 1993 – Norman Powell, American basketball player *1994 – Matt Murray (ice hockey, born 1994), Matt Murray, Canadian ice hockey player * 1994 – Aly Raisman, American gymnast *1995 – Kagiso Rabada, South African cricketer *1996 – David Pastrňák, Czech ice hockey player *
1999 1999 was designated as the International Year of Older Persons. Events January * January 1 – The euro currency is established and the European Central Bank assumes its full powers. * January 3 – The Mars Polar Lander is launc ...
– Brec Bassinger, American actress * 1999 – Ibrahima Konaté, French footballer * 2000 – Claire Liu, American tennis player *2001 – Chloé Lukasiak, American actress and dancer *2002 – Cam Ward (American football), Cam Ward, American football player


Deaths


Pre-1600

* 675 – Li Hong, Chinese prince (born 652) * 709 – Aldhelm, English-Latin bishop, poet, and scholar (born 639) * 803 – Higbald of Lindisfarne, English bishop * 912 – Xue Yiju, chancellor of Later Liang (Five Dynasties), Later Liang * 916 – Flann Sinna, king of Kingdom of Meath, Meath * 939 – Yao Yanzhang, general of Chu (Ten Kingdoms), Chu * 986 – Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, Muslim astronomer (born 903) * 992 – Mieszko I of Poland (born 935) * 1085 – Pope Gregory VII (born 1020) *1261 – Pope Alexander IV (born 1185) *1452 – John Stafford (bishop), John Stafford, English archbishop and politician *1555 – Gemma Frisius, Dutch physician, mathematician, and cartographer (born 1508) * 1555 – Henry II of Navarre (born 1503) *1558 – Elisabeth of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Calenberg-Göttingen (born 1510) *1595 – Valens Acidalius, German poet and critic (born 1567)


1601–1900

*1607 – Mary Magdalene de' Pazzi, Italian Carmelite nun and mystic (born 1566) *1632 – Adam Tanner (mathematician), Adam Tanner, Austrian mathematician and philosopher (born 1572) *1667 – Gustaf Bonde (1620–1667), Gustaf Bonde, Finnish-Swedish politician, 5th Lord High Treasurer of Sweden (born 1620) *1681 – Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Spanish poet and playwright (born 1600) *1741 – Daniel Ernst Jablonski, German bishop and theologian (born 1660) *1786 – Peter III of Portugal (born 1717) *1789 – Anders Dahl, Swedish botanist and physician (born 1751) *1797 – John Griffin, 4th Baron Howard de Walden, English field marshal and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Essex (born 1719) *1805 – William Paley, English priest and philosopher (born 1743) *1849 – Benjamin D'Urban, English general and politician, Governor of British Guiana (born 1777) * 1895 – Ahmed Cevdet Pasha, Ottoman sociologist, historian, and jurist (born 1822) *1899 – Rosa Bonheur, French painter and sculptor (born 1822)


1901–present

*1912 – Austin Lane Crothers, American educator and politician, 46th Governor of Maryland (born 1860) *1917 – Maksim Bahdanovič, Belarusian poet and critic (born 1891) *1919 – Eliza Pollock, American archer (born 1840) * 1919 – Madam C. J. Walker, American businesswoman and philanthropist, founded the Madame C.J. Walker Manufacturing Company (born 1867) *1924 – Lyubov Popova, Russian painter and illustrator (born 1889) * 1926Symon Petliura, Ukrainian journalist and politician (born 1879) *1927 – Payne Whitney, American businessman and philanthropist (born 1876) *1930 – Randall Davidson, Scottish-English archbishop (born 1848) *1934 – Gustav Holst, English trombonist, composer, and educator (born 1874) *1937 – Henry Ossawa Tanner, American-French painter and illustrator (born 1859) *1939 – Frank Watson Dyson, English astronomer and academic (born 1868) *1942 – Emanuel Feuermann, Ukrainian-American cellist and educator (born 1902) *1943 – Nils von Dardel, Swedish painter (born 1888) *1948 – Witold Pilecki, Polish officer and Resistance leader (born 1901) *1951 – Paula von Preradović, Croatian poet and author (born 1887) *1954 – Robert Capa, Hungarian photographer and journalist (born 1913) *1957 – Leo Goodwin (swimmer), Leo Goodwin, American swimmer, diver, and water polo player (born 1883) * 1968 – Georg von Küchler, German field marshal (born 1881) *1969 – Elisabeth Geleerd, Dutch-American psychoanalyst (born 1909) *1970 – Tom Patey, Scottish mountaineer and author (born 1932) * 1977 – Yevgenia Ginzburg, Russian author (born 1904) *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
– Itzhak Bentov, Czech-Israeli engineer, mystic, and author (born 1923) * 1979 – Amédée Gordini, Italian-born French racing driver and sports car manufacturer (born 1899) * 1979 – John Spenkelink, American murderer (born 1949) * 1981 – Ruby Payne-Scott, Australian physicist and astronomer (born 1912) * 1981 – Fredric Warburg, English author and publisher (born 1898) *1983 – Necip Fazıl Kısakürek, Turkish author, poet, and playwright (born 1904) * 1983 – Idris of Libya (born 1889) * 1983 – Jack Stewart (ice hockey), Jack Stewart, Canadian-American ice hockey player (born 1917) * 1986 – Chester Bowles, American journalist and politician, 22nd Under Secretary of State (born 1901) *1990 – Vic Tayback, American actor (born 1930) *1995 – Élie Bayol, French racing driver (born 1914) * 1995 – Krešimir Ćosić, Croatian basketball player and coach, Naismith Basketball Hall of Famer 1996 (born 1948) * 1995 – Dany Robin, French actress (born 1927) *1996 – Renzo De Felice, Italian historian and author (born 1929) *2003 – Sloan Wilson, American author and poet (born 1920) *2004 – Roger Williams Straus, Jr., American publisher, co-founded Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Farrar, Straus and Giroux Publishing Company (born 1917) *2005 – Sunil Dutt, Indian actor, director, producer, and politician (born 1929) * 2005 – Robert Jankel, English businessman, founded Panther Westwinds (born 1938) * 2005 – Graham Kennedy, Australian television host and actor (born 1934) * 2005 – Ismail Merchant, Indian-born film producer and director (born 1936) * 2005 – Zoran Mušič, Slovene painter and illustrator (born 1909) *2007 – Charles Nelson Reilly, American actor, comedian, and director (born 1931) *2007 – Uładzimir Katkoŭski, Belarusian blogger, web designer and website creator (born 1976) *2008 – J. R. Simplot, American businessman, founded Simplot (born 1909) * 2008 – Veikko Uusimäki, Finnish actor and theater councilor (born 1921) *2009 – Haakon Lie, Norwegian politician (born 1905) *2010 – Alexander Belostenny, Ukrainian basketball player (born 1959) * 2010 – Michael H. Jordan, American businessman (born 1936) * 2010 – Alan Hickinbotham, Australian footballer and coach (born 1925) * 2010 – Gabriel Vargas (cartoonist), Gabriel Vargas, Mexican painter and illustrator (born 1915) * 2010 – Jarvis Williams (defensive back), Jarvis Williams, American football player and coach (born 1965) *2011 – Terry Jenner, Australian cricketer and coach (born 1944) *2012 – William Hanley, American author and screenwriter (born 1931) * 2012 – Peter D. Sieruta, American author and critic (born 1958) * 2012 – Lou Watson, American basketball player and coach (born 1924) *2013 – Mahendra Karma, Indian politician (born 1950) * 2013 – Nand Kumar Patel, Indian politician (born 1953) *2014 – David Allen (cricketer), David Allen, English cricketer (born 1935) * 2014 – Marcel Côté, Canadian economist and politician (born 1942) * 2014 – Wojciech Jaruzelski, Polish general and politician, 1st President of Poland (born 1923) * 2014 – Herb Jeffries, American singer and actor (born 1913) * 2014 – Toaripi Lauti, Tuvaluan educator and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Tuvalu (born 1928) * 2014 – Matthew Saad Muhammad, American boxer and trainer (born 1954) *2015 – George Braden, Canadian lawyer and politician, 2nd Premier of the Northwest Territories (born 1949) * 2015 – Robert Lebel (bishop), Robert Lebel, Canadian bishop (born 1924) *2018 – Kaduvetti Guru, Indian politician and Vanniyar, Veera Vanniyar caste leader (born 1961) *2019 – Claus von Bülow, Danish-British socialite (born 1926) *2020 – George Floyd, African American man murder of George Floyd, murdered by Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin (born 1973) *2021 – John Warner, American attorney and politician (born 1927) * 2021 – Lois Ehlert, American author and illustrator (born 1934) *2022 – Morton L. Janklow, American literary agent (born 1930) *2024 – Grayson Murray, American professional golfer (born 1993) *2024 – Albert S. Ruddy, Canadian film producer (born 1930) *2024 – Richard M. Sherman, American songwriter (born 1928) * 2024 – Johnny Wactor, American actor


Holidays and observances

*Africa Day (African Union) *African Liberation Day (African Union, Rastafari) *Christian feast day: **Aldhelm **Bede **Saint Canius, Canius **Dionysius (bishop of Milan), Dionysius of Milan **Dúnchad mac Cinn Fáelad **Gerard of Lunel **Madeleine Sophie Barat **Magdalena de Pazzi, Mary Magdalene de Pazzi **Maximus of Évreux, Maximus (Mauxe) of Évreux **Pope Boniface IV **Pope Gregory VII **Pope Urban I **Zenobius of Florence **May 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *First National Government / National Day (Argentina) *Geek Pride Day (geek culture) *Independence Day (Jordan), Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Jordan from the United Kingdom in 1946. *Last bell (Russia, post-Soviet countries) *Liberation Day (Lebanon) *International Missing Children's Day and its related observances: **National Missing Children's Day (United States), *National Tap Dance Day (United States) *Towel Day in honour of the work of the writer Douglas Adams


Notes


References


External links


BBC: On This Day
*
Historical Events on May 25
{{months Days of May