Massimo Mila
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Massimo Mila (14 August 1910 – 26 December 1988) was an Italian
musicologist Musicology is the academic, research-based study of music, as opposed to musical composition or performance. Musicology research combines and intersects with many fields, including psychology, sociology, acoustics, neurology, natural sciences, f ...
,
music critic '' The Oxford Companion to Music'' defines music criticism as "the intellectual activity of formulating judgments on the value and degree of excellence of individual works of music, or whole groups or genres". In this sense, it is a branch of m ...
,
intellectual An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and Human self-reflection, reflection about the nature of reality, especially the nature of society and proposed solutions for its normative problems. Coming from the wor ...
and
anti-fascist Anti-fascism is a political movement in opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals. Beginning in European countries in the 1920s, it was at its most significant shortly before and during World War II, where the Axis powers were op ...
.


Biography

He studied at the
Liceo classico Massimo d'Azeglio Liceo Classico Massimo d'Azeglio is a public sixth form college/senior high school (''liceo classico'') in Turin, Italy. It is named after the politician Massimo d'Azeglio. History It was established as the Collegio di Porta Nuova in 1831 and ...
in
Turin Turin ( , ; ; , then ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. The city is main ...
, where he was a pupil of Augusto Monti and where he had
Cesare Pavese Cesare Pavese ( ; ; 9 September 1908 – 27 August 1950) was an Italian novelist, poet, short story writer, translator, literary critic, and essayist. He is often referred to as one of the most influential Italian writers of his time. Early ...
,
Leone Ginzburg Leone Ginzburg (, ; 4 April 1909 – 5 February 1944) was an Italian editor, writer, journalist and teacher, as well as an important anti-fascist political activist and a hero of the resistance movement. He was the husband of the renowned author ...
,
Norberto Bobbio Norberto Bobbio (; 18 October 1909 – 9 January 2004) was an Italian philosopher of law and political sciences and a historian of political thought. He also wrote regularly for the Turin-based daily '' La Stampa''. Bobbio was a social lib ...
and Guido Seborga as fellow students. He also met
Giulio Einaudi Giulio Einaudi (; 2 January 1912 – 5 April 1999) was an Italian book publisher. The eponymous company that he founded in 1933 became "a European wellspring of fine literature, intellectual thought and political theory"Saxon, Wolfgang ''The Ne ...
, to whom he gave
Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...
lessons, introducing him to the "brotherhood" of D'Azeglio's former students, including
Vittorio Foa Vittorio Foa (18 September 1910 – 20 October 2008) was an Italian politician, trade unionist, journalist, and writer. Early life and education Foa was born in Turin in 1910 into a middle-class Jewish family. He attended Liceo Classico Massi ...
, Giulio Carlo Argan, Ludovico Geymonat, Franco Antonicelli, and others. He started his career as a music critic in 1928 publishing articles in the magazine '' Il Baretti''. He graduated in literature in 1931 from the
University of Turin The University of Turin (Italian language, Italian: ''Università degli Studi di Torino'', UNITO) is a public university, public research university in the city of Turin, in the Piedmont (Italy), Piedmont region of Italy. It is one of the List ...
, aged twenty-one, with a thesis entitled ''Il melodramma di
Verdi Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi ( ; ; 9 or 10 October 1813 – 27 January 1901) was an Italian composer best known for his operas. He was born near Busseto, a small town in the province of Parma, to a family of moderate means, recei ...
'', which, thanks to the direct interest of the philosopher
Benedetto Croce Benedetto Croce, ( , ; 25 February 1866 – 20 November 1952) was an Italian idealist philosopher, historian, and politician who wrote on numerous topics, including philosophy, history, historiography, and aesthetics. A Cultural liberalism, poli ...
, would be published two years later by the Laterza publishing house in
Bari Bari ( ; ; ; ) is the capital city of the Metropolitan City of Bari and of the Apulia Regions of Italy, region, on the Adriatic Sea in southern Italy. It is the first most important economic centre of mainland Southern Italy. It is a port and ...
. He was also an expert mountaineer, and a member of the Italian Academic Alpine Club, a passion that was born in
Coazze Coazze (French: Couasse) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about west of Turin Turin ( , ; ; , then ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northe ...
thanks to the encouragement from his mother and the first excursions in the Val Sangone. Opposition to the fascist regime soon matured in the Turin environment. He was imprisoned for the first time in 1929 for anti-fascist activities. He joined the Turin group of "Justice and Freedom" (''
Giustizia e Libertà Giustizia e Libertà (; ) was an Italian anti-fascist resistance movement, active from 1929 to 1945.James D. Wilkinson (1981). ''The Intellectual Resistance Movement in Europe''. Harvard University Press. p. 224. The movement was cofounded by ...
'') and, on 15 May 1935, following a report by the writer Dino Segre -alias Pitigrilli- he was arrested for the second time together with Einaudi, Foa, Ginzburg, Antonicelli, Bobbio, Pavese, Carlo Levi and Luigi Salvatorelli. He was sentenced by the ''Tribunale Speciale'' to seven years imprisonment with inter alia Riccardo Bauer and Ernesto Rossi, which he spent in the prison of Regina Coeli in
Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...
. In a moment of despair he wrote a letter addressed to Mussolini: "Never again will I allow myself to do or express anything that can be, directly or indirectly, in any case hostile, or contrary to, or harmful to the Regime". In a 1992 interview,
Vittorio Foa Vittorio Foa (18 September 1910 – 20 October 2008) was an Italian politician, trade unionist, journalist, and writer. Early life and education Foa was born in Turin in 1910 into a middle-class Jewish family. He attended Liceo Classico Massi ...
exonerated his friend and attributed his collapse to the physical and moral violence wrought against him by the fascist repressive apparatus. In prison he translated
Goethe Johann Wolfgang (von) Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath who is widely regarded as the most influential writer in the German language. His work has had a wide-ranging influence on Western literature, literary, Polit ...
's ''
Elective Affinities ''Elective Affinities'' (German: ''Die Wahlverwandtschaften''), also translated under the title ''Kindred by Choice'', is the third novel by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, published in 1809. Situated around the city of Weimar, the book relates the ...
'', later published by Einaudi. While a partisan leader of the ''Giustizia e Libertà'' in the Canavese, he translated '' Siddhartha'' by
Hermann Hesse Hermann Karl Hesse (; 2 July 1877 – 9 August 1962) was a Germans, German-Swiss people, Swiss poet and novelist, and the 1946 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate. His interest in Eastern philosophy, Eastern religious, spiritual, and philosophic ...
, published in 1945 by Frassinelli. After serving his sentence, in 1940 he collaborated with Giulio Einaudi and his publishing house, where he had as friends and workmates Giaime Pintor, Felice Balbo, Pavese and Ginzburg. Placed under special surveillance, after the armistice of 8 September 1943 he joined the Resistance entering the group Justice and Freedom of the
Canavese Canavese ( French: ''Canavais''; Piedmontese: ''Canavèis'') is a subalpine geographical and historical area of North-West Italy which lies today within the Metropolitan City of Turin in Piedmont. Its main town is Ivrea and it is famous for its c ...
, later adhering to the Action Party. After the war, the Giuseppe Verdi Conservatory in Turin invited him to teach
History of Music Although definitions of music vary wildly throughout the world, every known culture partakes in it, and it is thus considered a cultural universal. The origins of music remain highly contentious; commentators often relate it to the origin of la ...
in 1954, while the
University A university () is an educational institution, institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several Discipline (academia), academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly ...
offered him a job in 1967 in the same subject, which he held until 1975. In addition to continuing his collaboration with the publishing house Einaudi, he was a music critic for Turin's "
L'Unità (; English: "the Unity") is an Italian newspaper, founded as the official newspaper of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) in 1924. It was supportive of that party's successor parties, the Democratic Party of the Left, Democrats of the Left, a ...
" between 1946 and 1967 and for the weekly "
L'Espresso () is an Italian progressive weekly news magazine. It is one of the two most prominent Italian weeklies; the other is the conservative magazine . Since 2022, it has been published by BFC Media. From 7 August 2016 to 10 September 2023, it was ...
" between 1955 and 1967, while from 1967 he moved to "
La Stampa (English: "The Press") is an Italian daily newspaper published in Turin with an average circulation of 87,143 copies in May 2023. Distributed in Italy and other European nations, it is one of the oldest newspapers in Italy. Until the late 1970 ...
". An academic of the
National Academy of Santa Cecilia The Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia () is one of the oldest musical institutions in the world, founded by the papal bull ''Ratione congruit'', issued by Sixtus V in 1585, which invoked two saints prominent in Western musical history: Greg ...
since 1956, he also carried out literary activities, translating among other things works by Goethe,
Schiller Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (, short: ; 10 November 17599 May 1805) was a German playwright, poet, philosopher and historian. Schiller is considered by most Germans to be Germany's most important classical playwright. He was born i ...
, Gotthelf,
Hesse Hesse or Hessen ( ), officially the State of Hesse (), is a States of Germany, state in Germany. Its capital city is Wiesbaden, and the largest urban area is Frankfurt, which is also the country's principal financial centre. Two other major hist ...
, Wiechert, and the autobiography of
Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( ; ; 22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, essayist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his mature works were later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most o ...
. In 1967 he became the director of the '' Nuova Rivista Musicale Italiana''. On 26 February 1981, he had a very serious car accident, in which his wife, Francesca Rovedotti, lost her life. In 1985 he received the Feltrinelli International Prize from the
Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei The (; literally the "Academy of the Lynx-Eyed"), anglicised as the Lincean Academy, is one of the oldest and most prestigious European scientific institutions, located at the Palazzo Corsini on the Via della Lungara in Rome, Italy. Founded in ...
. In the years following his death, an important international literary prize was entitled to Mila, the "Massimo Mila Award" (''Premio Massimo Mila''), volumes of studies were dedicated and numerous unpublished works were published, on 2 December 2008 a study day was held at the Conservatory of Turin in his honour, on the initiative of the municipal administration and the Franco Antonicelli Cultural Union, (''Unione culturale Franco Antonicelli'') with a round table in which Roberto Aruga, Alberto Cavagnon, Giorgio Pestelli, Andrea Casalegno and Enzo Restagno discussed the various interests that have characterized the figure of Massimo Mila: music, anti-fascism, literature, painting, and his passion for the mountains. In 2018, the Italian Alpine Club proposed a new edition of mountain writings, entitled "The two threads of my existence", dedicating two concerts to him, edited by Angelo Foletto and with the participation of the SAT Choir, at the Auditorium of Milan and at the Conservatory of Turin.


Monographs

* L'esperienza musicale e l'estetica, Collana Saggi n.121, Torino, Einaudi, 1950-2001, . Premio Viareggio di Saggistica 1950 * M. Mila-Tensing Norkey, Gli eroi del Chomolungma, Collana Nuova Atlantide n.2, Torino, Einaudi, 1954. * Cronache musicali 1955-1959, Collana Saggi, Torino, Einaudi, 1959. * Breve storia della musica, Collana Piccola Biblioteca n.31, Torino, Einaudi, 1963.; ed. orig.: Milano, Bianchi-Giovini, 1946. * Maderna musicista europeo, Torino, Einaudi, 1976. - Nuova edizione a cura di U. Mosch, Collana Piccola Biblioteca.Nuova serie, Einaudi, 1999, * Lettura della Nona Sinfonia, Collana Piccola Biblioteca n.306, Einaudi, Torino, 1977, ulla Nona Sinfonia di Beethoven* Lettura delle «Nozze di Figaro». Mozart e la ricerca della felicità, Collana Piccola Biblioteca n.371, Einaudi, Torino, 1979-2003, * L'arte di Verdi, Collana Saggi n.627, Torino, Einaudi, 1980. * Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Collezione Biblioteca, Edizioni Studio Tesi, 1980. * Compagno Strawinsky, Collana Saggi n.652, Einaudi, Torino, 1983; Rizzoli, Milano, 2012 * Lettura del Don Giovanni di Mozart, Collana Piccola Biblioteca n.494, Einaudi, Torino, 1988-2000, * Lettura del Flauto Magico, Collana Piccola Biblioteca, Einaudi, Torino, 1989-2006, * Scritti di montagna, A cura di Anna Mila Giubertoni. Con una presentazione di Gianni Vattimo e uno scritto di Italo Calvino, Collana Gli gtruzzi n.432, Torino, Einaudi, 1992, . * Brahms e Wagner, a cura di Alberto Batisti, Collana ETascabili, Einaudi, Torino, 1994, * Scritti civili, a cura di Alberto Cavaglion. Con una nota di Giulio Einaudi, Collana Gli struzzi n.471, Einaudi, Torino, 1995, * L'arte di Béla Bartòk, a cura di Francesco M. Colombo, Einaudi, Torino, 1996, * Guillaume Dufay, a cura di Simone Monge, Collana Piccola Biblioteca n.646, Einaudi, Torino, 1997, * Mozart. Saggi 1941-1987, a cura di Anna Mila Giubertoni, Einaudi, Torino, 2006, * I quartetti di Mozart, Introduzione di Giovanni Morelli, Collana Piccola Biblioteca, Einaudi, Torino, 2009, * Lettere editoriali, a cura di Tommaso Munari, trascrizione di Giovanna Andrea Tira, Torino, Einaudi, 2010.


Essays and articles

* La melodia bizantina (in RMI, 1946); * La nascita del melodramma (in Civiltà Fiorentina. Il Sei-Settecento, Firenze, 1956); * Introduzione all'"Autobiografia" di R. Wagner (in "Belfagor", 1951); * La vita della musica nell'Ottocento italiano (in ital. in "Belfagor", 1957; voce " Italien 19. Jahrh. ", MGG); * La linea Nono (in RaM, 1960); * L'età brahmsiana (in AA. VV., Arte e Storia. Studi in onore di L. Vincenti, Torino, 1965); * Musica e scuola nel costume italiano (in NRMI, 1967); * L'unità stilistica nell'opera di Verdi (ibid., 1968); * "Il Turco in Italia", manifesto di dolce vita (ibid.); * La fortuna di Rossini (in "Bollettino del Centro di studi rossiniano", 1968); * La dialogizzazione dell'aria nelle opere giovanili di Verdi (Atti del 1 Congresso Internaz. di Studi Verdiani, Parma, 1969); * Casorati e la musica (in AA. VV., Testimonianze. Studi e ricerche in onore di Guido M. Gatti, Bologna, 1973); * Lettura della Grande Fuga op. 133 (in AA. VV., Scritti in onore di Luigi Ronga, Milano-Napoli, 1973); * Gianfrancesco Malipiero e l'irrazionalismo contemporaneo (Atti dell'Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti Venezia 1974) . * Sulla Dodecafonia di Dallapiccola (in "Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa", 1976); * Nona Sinfonia e Quartetti nei Quaderni di conversazione (in NRMI, 1979); * Il Romanticismo nella musica (in "Belfagor", 1979); * Guillaume Dufay, musicista franco-borgognone (ibid., 1980); * Tra Wagner e Nietzsche (in "Cultura e Scuola", 1980); * I canoni di Mozart (in NRMI, 1981); * L'equivoco della musica barocca (in "Belfagor", 1981); * La vecchiaia di Bach (Atti dell'Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, 1981); * Il "collage" in musica (in AA. VV., Scritti in onore di G. C. Argan, Roma, 1984); * L'antico e il progresso nel carteggio tra Verdi e Boito (in "Belfagor", 1984); * "La donna è mobile..." Considerazioni sull'edizione critica del Rigoletto (in NRMI, 1985); * Le idee di Rossini (come pref. a Rossini, Lettere, Firenze, s. a., ma 1985); * La fortuna di Mozart (in "Belfagor", 1985).


Correspondence

* Argomenti strettamente famigliari. Lettere dal carcere 1935-1940, a cura di Paolo Soddu. Introduzione di Claudio Pavone, Collana Gli struzzi n.509, Einaudi, Torino 1999, * Luigi Dallapiccola-Massimo Mila, Tempus aedificandi. Carteggio 1933-1975, a cura di L. Aragona, Milano, Ricordi (Universal Music MGB), 2005, * Massimo Mila-Luigi Nono, Nulla di oscuro tra noi. Lettere 1952-1988, a cura di A.I. De Benedictis e V. Rizzardi, Milano, Il Saggiatore 2010,


Translations

* Ernst Wiechert, Novella pastorale, Collana di Opere brevi, Torino, Frassinelli, 1942. * Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Le affinità elettive, Torino, Einaudi, 1943. * Paul Ernst, Il seme sulla speranza, Torino, Frassinelli, 1944. * Hermann Hesse, Siddharta, Collana di romanzi, Torino, Frassinelli, 1945. - Milano, Adelphi, 1973, . * Jeremias Gotthelf, Il ragno nero, Milano, Minuziano, 1945. poi Studio Tesi, 1987; Milano, Adelphi, 1996. * Guy de Maupassant, L'eredità, Collana di Opere brevi n.6, Torino, Frassinelli, 1945. Collana Scrittori tradotti da scrittori, Einaudi, 1989. * Friedrich Schiller, Wallenstein. Trilogia drammatica, Collana I Grandi Scrittori Stranieri, Torino, UTET, 1946. Collana Scrittori tradotti da scrittori n.49, Einaudi, 1993. * Richard Wagner, La mia vita, Torino, EDT, 1982.


Honours

* Italian Medal of Merit for Culture and Art.Medaglia d'argento ai benemeriti della scuola della cultura e dell'arte - MILA Prof. Massimo
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External links


Massimo Mila at the Enciclopedia italiana


References

{{authority control Italian musicologists Italian anti-fascists Italian music critics 1910 births 1988 deaths University of Turin alumni Bach scholars Bartók scholars Beethoven scholars Brahms scholars Dallapiccola scholars Du Fay scholars Maderna scholars Malipiero scholars Nono scholars Rossini scholars Verdi scholars Wagner scholars