{{Short description, Hybrid chestnut
Maraval is a named natural chestnut hybrid (synonym CA 74), a cross between a European chestnut (
Castanea sativa
''Castanea sativa'', the sweet chestnut, Spanish chestnut or just chestnut, is a species of tree in the family Fagaceae, native to Southern Europe and Asia Minor, and widely cultivated throughout the temperate world. A substantial, long-lived ...
) and a Japanese chestnut (
Castanea crenata
''Castanea crenata'', the Japanese chestnut, also known as the Korean chestnut is a species of chestnut native to Japan and Korea. ''Castanea crenata'' exhibits resistance to ''Phytophthora cinnamomi'', the fungal pathogen that causes ink diseas ...
). INRA bred this variety in 1986 in
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan ar ...
Lalevade-d'Ardèche
Lalevade-d'Ardèche (; oc, La Levada d'Ardecha) is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.
It is the commune with the smallest area in the department.
Economy
In the 19th century, the commune was an active industrial cent ...
. Maraval produces a big mahogany colored nut from triangular to elliptical triangular shape. The nut keeps well. Nut peeling is mediocre but good in boiling water. Nuts can be used fresh as well as for processing.
Maraval are not very demanding to the quality of the soil and produce nuts in 4 to 5 years. Maraval grow at 250-300 m of altitude in the warm regions of France such as
Gironde
Gironde ( US usually, , ; oc, Gironda, ) is the largest department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of Southwestern France. Named after the Gironde estuary, a major waterway, its prefecture is Bordeaux. In 2019, it had a population of 1, ...
,
Dordogne
Dordogne ( , or ; ; oc, Dordonha ) is a large rural department in Southwestern France, with its prefecture in Périgueux. Located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region roughly half-way between the Loire Valley and the Pyrenees, it is named ...
, Pyrenees-Atlantiques, Midi-Pyrenees. The tree is considered partially pollinating since its pollen is not very fertile.
Its early budding makes it sensitive to spring frosts. It is resistant to leaf rust and ink disease.
The tree is a mid-season hybrid variety, upright with moderate vigor and medium stature. The medium stature allows denser orchards than other hybrids such as Marigoule.
Maraval is mainly used as root stock because of its good graft compatibility with many chestnut varieties. As a rootstock, it is graft compatible with the varieties:
Bouche de Betizac Bouche de Bétizac is a French chestnut cultivar developed in 1962 by INRA at the station of Malemort-sur-Corrèze near Brive. It is a controlled hybrid between Castanea sativa and Castanea crenata (female Bouche rouge × male Castanea crenata CA04 ...