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The Manobò (sometimes also spelled Menobò, Manuvù , Menuvù , or Minuvù) are an
The Manobo are considered the most diverse among the many
indigenous peoples
There is no generally accepted definition of Indigenous peoples, although in the 21st century the focus has been on self-identification, cultural difference from other groups in a state, a special relationship with their traditional territ ...
from Mindanao
Mindanao ( ) is the List of islands of the Philippines, second-largest island in the Philippines, after Luzon, and List of islands by population, seventh-most populous island in the world. Located in the southern region of the archipelago, the ...
in the Philippines, whose core lands cover most of the Mindanao island group, from Sarangani
Sarangani, officially the Province of Sarangani (; ; Maguindanao language, Maguindanaon: ''Dairat nu Sarangani'', Jawi Alphabet, Jawi: دايرت نو سرڠان; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the ...
island into the Mindanao mainland in the regions of Agusan, Davao, Bukidnon, Surigao, Misamis, and Cotabato
Cotabato, formerly and still commonly referred to as North Cotabato and officially the Province of Cotabato, is a landlocked Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Soccsksargen Regions of the Philippines, regi ...
. The Manobo are considered the most diverse among the many indigenous peoples of the Philippines
The indigenous peoples of the Philippines are Ethnic groups of the Philippines, ethnolinguistic groups or subgroups that maintain partial isolation or independence throughout the colonial era, and have retained much of their traditional pre-col ...
, with the largest number of subgroups within its family of languages. The Philippine Statistics Authority
The Philippine Statistics Authority (; PSA) is the central statistical authority of the Philippine government that collects, compiles, analyzes, and publishes statistical information on economic, social, demographic, political affairs, and gene ...
listed 644,904 persons as Manobo in its 2020 Census of Population and Housing.https://psa.gov.ph/content/ethnicity-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing
Subgroups
The Manobo are considered the most diverse among the many indigenous peoples of the Philippines
The indigenous peoples of the Philippines are Ethnic groups of the Philippines, ethnolinguistic groups or subgroups that maintain partial isolation or independence throughout the colonial era, and have retained much of their traditional pre-col ...
, with the largest number of subgroups within its Manobo languages
The Manobo languages are a group of languages spoken in the Philippines. Their speakers are primarily located around Northern Mindanao, Central Mindanao (presently called Soccsksargen) and Caraga regions of the Philippines, regions where they are ...
. The National Commission on Culture and the Arts has been able to develop a tentative classification of Manobo subgroups, but notes that "the various subgroupings are not sufficiently defined" as of the time the classification was developed. The classification divides the Manobo into several major groups:
# The Ata subgroup: Dugbatang, Talaingod, and Tagauanum
# The Bagobo subgroup: Attaw (Jangan, Klata, Obo, Giangan, Guiangan), Eto (Ata), Kailawan (Kaylawan), Langilan, Manuvu/Obo, Matigsalug (Matigsaug, Matig Salug), Tagaluro, and Tigdapaya
# The Higaonon subgroup: Agusan, Lanao, and Misamis
# North Cotabato: Ilianen, Livunganen, and Pulenyan
# South Cotabato: Cotabato (with subgroup Tasaday
The Tasaday () are an indigenous peoples of the Lake Sebu area in Mindanao, Philippines. They are considered to belong to the Lumad group, along with the other indigenous groups on the island. They attracted widespread media attention in 1971, ...
and Blit), Sarangani, Tagabawa
# Western Bukidnon: Kiriyeteka, Ilentungen, and Pulangiyen
# Agusan del Sur
# Banwaon
# Bukidnon; and others
The Philippine Statistics Authority listed 644,904 persons as Manobo in its 2020 Census of Population and Housing. A study by the National Council of Churches in the Philippines had put their population at around 250,000 in 1988, and an earlier NCCA estimate had out their population at about 749,042 in 1994.Part of what makes the classification more difficult is that a dialectical subgroup's membership within a supergroup can shift depending on specific points of view regarding lingusitics. The geographical distribution of the subgroups is so great that some of the local groups have been noted to "assumed the character of distinctiveness as a separate ethnic grouping," as in the case of the Bagobo or the Higaonon.
Etymology
Manobo is thehispanicized
Hispanicization () refers to the process by which a place or person becomes influenced by Hispanic culture or a process of cultural and/or linguistic change in which something non-Hispanic becomes Hispanic. Hispanicization is illustrated by spoken ...
spelling of the endonym
An endonym (also known as autonym ) is a common, name for a group of people, individual person, geographical place, language, or dialect, meaning that it is used inside a particular group or linguistic community to identify or designate them ...
Manuvu (also spelled Menuvu or Minuvu). Its etymology is unclear; in its current form, it means "person" or "people." It is believed that it is derived from the root word ''tuvu,'' which means "to grow"/"growth" (thus ''Man vu'' would be " ativegrown" or "aboriginal").
Genetic studies
The Manobo are primarily of Austronesian ancestry, like other Filipino ethnic groups that descend from theAustronesian expansion
The Austronesian people, sometimes referred to as Austronesian-speaking peoples, are a large group of peoples who have settled in Taiwan, maritime Southeast Asia, parts of mainland Southeast Asia, Micronesia, coastal New Guinea, Island Melanesi ...
, but they also have significant Austroasiatic
The Austroasiatic languages ( ) are a large language family spoken throughout Mainland Southeast Asia, South Asia and East Asia. These languages are natively spoken by the majority of the population in Vietnam and Cambodia, and by minority popu ...
ancestry indicating that part of their ancestors originate via a separate Austroasiatic migration originating from Mainland Southeast Asia
Mainland Southeast Asia (historically known as Indochina and the Indochinese Peninsula) is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to th ...
. This is similar to the Sama Bajau people. The Manobo possess Denisovan
The Denisovans or Denisova hominins ( ) are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic human that ranged across Asia during the Lower and Middle Paleolithic, and lived, based on current evidence, from 285 thousand to 25 thousand years ago. D ...
admixture, much like the Mamanwa.
See also
*Lumad
The Lumad are a group of Austronesian indigenous peoples in the southern Philippines. It is a Cebuano term meaning "native" or "indigenous". The term is short for Katawhang Lumad (Literally: "indigenous people"), the autonym officially ado ...
* Indigenous peoples of the Philippines
The indigenous peoples of the Philippines are Ethnic groups of the Philippines, ethnolinguistic groups or subgroups that maintain partial isolation or independence throughout the colonial era, and have retained much of their traditional pre-col ...
* Buyog
References
External links
* {{Indigenous peoples of the Philippines Ethnic groups in the Philippines Ethnic groups in Mindanao Indigenous peoples of the Philippines Lumad Mindanao