The

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

''Mania'' comprises a group of

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's ax ...

and

semi-tropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical and climate zones immediately to the north and south of the tropics. Geographically part of the temperate zones of both hemispheres, they cover the middle latitudes from to approximately 3 ...

New World The term "New World" is used to describe the majority of lands of Earth's Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas, and sometimes Oceania."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: ...

moths Moths are a group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies. They were previously classified as suborder Heterocera, but the group is paraphyletic with respect to butterflies (suborder Rhopalocera) a ...

in the family

Sematuridae Sematuridae is a Family (biology), family of moths in the lepidopteran Order (biology), order that contains two Subfamily, subfamilies (Joël Minet, Minet and Malcolm Scoble, Scoble, 1999). Taxonomy, systematics, and identification These are lar ...

. The genus has historically been referred to as either ''Nothus'' or ''Sematura'', but both of these names are invalid (see below).

Taxonomy

The name ''Nothus'' is preoccupied by a genus of

Coleoptera Beetles are insects that form the Taxonomic rank, order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Holometabola. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 40 ...

(Minet and Scoble, 1999). The genus name ''Sematura'' was also commonly in use for this genus, but it was younger (being published in 1825) than Hübner's name ''Mania'' from 1821; a petition to conserve the junior name was rejected by the

ICZN The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is a widely accepted convention in zoology that rules the formal scientific naming of organisms treated as animals. It is also informally known as the ICZN Code, for its formal author, t ...

in Opinion 2352 (201

so Hübner's name is officially now the valid name for the genus.

Species

*'' Mania aegisthus'' (Fabricius, 1781) amaica/Surinam
"Nothus" species
**=''Mania lunigeraria'' Hübner, 1823

825 __NOTOC__ Year 825 (Roman numerals, DCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. Events By place India * A group of Persio-Assyrian adherents of the Church of the East, under the leadership of two Persian bis ...

**=''Sematura excavatus'' Walker, 1854 **=''Sematura phoebe'' Guenée, 1857 *'' Mania diana'' (Guenée, 1857) io de Janeiro *''

Mania empedocles Mania, also known as manic syndrome, is a psychiatric behavioral syndrome defined as a state of abnormally elevated arousal, affect, and energy level. During a manic episode, an individual will experience rapidly changing emotions and moods ...

'' (Cramer, 1782) ype locality Surinam

**=''Mania empedoclaria'' Hübner, 1823 **=''Sematura selene'' Guenée, 185
Dyer/Gentry/''"Sematura luna"''
*'' Mania lunus'' (Linnaeus, 1758

**=''Mania caudilunaria'' Hübner, 1823

**=''Sematura actaeon'' Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874

Biology

The

larva A larva (; : larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into their next life stage. Animals with indirect development such as insects, some arachnids, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase ...

e of '' Mania lunus'' were reared in

Costa Rica Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in Central America. It borders Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, as well as Maritime bo ...

in 2001 and are a bit similar to those of '' Coronidia'', being well

camouflage Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see, or by disguising them as something else. Examples include the leopard's spotted coat, the b ...

d but bearing small projections rather than long spines one the dorsal surface. Host plants recorded were ''

Pentaclethra macroloba ''Pentaclethra macroloba'' is a large and common leguminous tree in the genus ''Pentaclethra'' native to the wet tropical areas of the northern Neotropics, which can form monoculture, monocultural stands in some seasonally flooded habitats. It ha ...

'' (

Fabaceae Fabaceae () or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomen ...

) and '' Syzygium longifolium'' (

Myrtaceae Myrtaceae (), the myrtle family, is a family of dicotyledonous plants placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtle, pōhutukawa, bay rum tree, clove, guava, acca (feijoa), allspice, and eucalyptus are some notable members of this group. All ...

).''Sematura luna''
/ref>

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q23708205 Sematuridae