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Sematuridae
Sematuridae is a Family (biology), family of moths in the lepidopteran Order (biology), order that contains two Subfamily, subfamilies (Joël Minet, Minet and Malcolm Scoble, Scoble, 1999). Taxonomy, systematics, and identification These are large day- or night-flying moths, usually tailed and similar to Uraniidae in general appearanc(except for the genera ''Apoprogones'', ''Anuropteryx'' and ''Lonchotura''). The position of this family is not certain amongst the Macrolepidoptera but it is usually considered to belong to the Superfamily (zoology), superfamily Geometroidea, whilst the identity of its closest Extant taxon, extant relative is under investigation using DNA sequencing Until recently very little has been known of sematurid biology (but see Sematurinae). The "chaetosemata" of Sematuridae have long setae overhanging the Arthropod eye, compound eyes, the antennae are thickened towards the often rather External morphology of Lepidoptera, clubbed or hooked tip whilst a tymp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sematurinae
Sematurinae is a subfamily of moths in the Family (biology), family Sematuridae represented by at least 29 species in the Neotropics. Taxonomy, classification and identification Sematurinae has three principal genus, genera, and possibly another two. The hindwing of ''Coronidia'' is distinguished by an iridescent blue band, but ''Homidiana'' characteristically has pink, orange or yellow markings, especially in females (Minet and Scoble, 1999). The genus ''Mania'' is large, brown and tailed, resembling to some extent the genus ''Lyssa (moth), Lyssa''. The approximately twelve other sematurid species in the genera ''Anurapteryx'' and ''Lonchotura'' are placed here for now (making about 41 species) but may not belong in this subfamily; one species, ''Anurapteryx crenulata'' reaches the subtropics of Arizona (Minet and Scoble, 1999). The relationships within Sematuridae clearly need deeper investigation. *Note: the name ''Nothus'' is preoccupied by a genus of Coleoptera (Minet and Sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apoprogoninae
Apoprogoninae is a monotypic subfamily of the moth family Sematuridae. Its single genus, ''Apoprogones'', containing a single species, ''Apoprogones hesperistis'', were both described by George Hampson in 1903. It is known from Eswatini and South Africa. Taxonomy and systematics ''Apoprogones hesperistis'' is presumably the sister taxon of some or all South American Sematuridae but fresh collections are probably needed to use a DNA sequencing approach to this question. The moth measures 4 cm in wingspan and was previously placed in the family Castniidae (Shields and Dvorak, 1979) but it was recognised by Anthonie Johannes Theodorus Janse (Janse, 1932) as belonging to this family. Morphology and identification ''A. hesperistis'' has strongly clubbed or hooked antennae, like a butterfly, giving it a skipper-like appearance (Shields and Dvorak, 1979), hence the species name. The hindwing is not tailed, unlike Sematurinae which have the veins "M2" and "M3" in the hindwin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geometroidea
The Geometroidea are the superfamily of geometrid moths in the order Lepidoptera. It includes the families Geometridae, Uraniidae, Epicopeiidae, Sematuridae Sematuridae is a Family (biology), family of moths in the lepidopteran Order (biology), order that contains two Subfamily, subfamilies (Joël Minet, Minet and Malcolm Scoble, Scoble, 1999). Taxonomy, systematics, and identification These are lar ..., and Pseudobistonidae. The Geometroidea superfamily has more than 24,000 described species, making them one of the largest superfamilies inside the order Lepidoptera. The monotypic genus '' Apoprogones'' was considered a separate geometroid family of the Apoprogonidae by a minority, but is now subsumed under the Sematuridae. References Further reading *''Firefly Encyclopedia of Insects and Spiders'', edited by Christopher O'Toole, , 2002 * * Lepidoptera superfamilies Macroheterocera {{Geometroidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neotropics
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In biogeography, the Neotropic or Neotropical realm is one of the eight terrestrial realms. This realm includes South America, Central America, the Caribbean Islands, and southern North America. In Mexico, the Yucatán Peninsula and southern lowlands, and most of the east and west coastlines, including the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula are Neotropical. In the United States southern Florida and coastal Central Florida are considered Neotropical. The realm also includes temperate southern South America. In contrast, the Neotropical Floristic Kingdom excludes southernmost South America, which instead is placed in the Antarctic kingdom. The Neotropic is delimited by similarities in fauna or flora. Its fauna and flora are distin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
External Morphology Of Lepidoptera
The external morphology of Lepidoptera is the morphology (biology), physiological structure of the bodies of insects belonging to the order Lepidoptera, also known as butterfly, butterflies and moths. Lepidoptera are distinguished from other orders by the presence of Scale (Lepidoptera), scales on the external parts of the body and appendages, especially the wings. Butterflies and moths vary in size from microlepidoptera only a few millimetres long, to a wingspan of many inches such as the Atlas moth. Comprising over 160,000 described species, the Lepidoptera possess variations of the basic body structure which has evolved to gain advantages in adaptation and distribution. Lepidopterans undergo metamorphosis, complete metamorphosis, going through a four-stage Biological life cycle, life cycle: egg (biology), egg, larva or caterpillar, pupa or Pupa#Chrysalis, chrysalis, and imago, imago (plural: ''imagines'') / adult. The larvae – caterpillars – have a toughened ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tympanal Organ
A tympanal organ (or tympanic organ) is a hearing organ in insects, consisting of a tympanal membrane ( tympanum) stretched across a frame backed by an air sac and associated sensory neurons. Sounds vibrate the membrane, and the vibrations are sensed by a chordotonal organ. Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants, etc.) do not have a tympanal organ, but they do have a Johnston's organ. Tympanal organs have evolved in at least seven different orders of insects. Tympanal organs can occur in just about any part of the insect: the thorax, the base of the wing, the abdomen, the legs, etc., depending on the group of insects. The structures are thought to have evolved independently many times. As a result, their position and structures are often used to help determine the taxonomy of the species. For example, all members of the Geometridae share distinctive paired abdominal tympanal organs that open towards the front side of the first abdominal segment. Within the organ, particular structures ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glossary Of Entomology Terms
This glossary of entomology describes terms used in the formal study of insect species by entomology, entomologists. A–C A synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, toxic to vertebrates. Though its phytotoxicity is low, solvents in some formulations may damage certain crops. cf. the related Dieldrin, Endrin, Isodrin * D–F A synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, toxic to vertebrates. cf. the related Aldrin, Endrin, Isodrin A synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, toxic to vertebrates. Though its phytotoxicity is low, solvents in some formulations may damage certain crops. cf. the related Dieldrin, Aldrin, Isodrin G–L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. Its Provinces of South Africa, nine provinces are bounded to the south by of coastline that stretches along the Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic and Indian Ocean; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini; and it encloses Lesotho. Covering an area of , the country has Demographics of South Africa, a population of over 64 million people. Pretoria is the administrative capital, while Cape Town, as the seat of Parliament of South Africa, Parliament, is the legislative capital, and Bloemfontein is regarded as the judicial capital. The largest, most populous city is Johannesburg, followed by Cape Town and Durban. Cradle of Humankind, Archaeological findings suggest that various hominid species existed in South Africa about 2.5 million years ago, and modern humans inhabited the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mania Empedocles
Mania, also known as manic syndrome, is a psychiatric behavioral syndrome defined as a state of abnormally elevated arousal, affect, and energy level. During a manic episode, an individual will experience rapidly changing emotions and moods, highly influenced by surrounding stimuli. Although mania is often conceived of as a "mirror image" to depression, the heightened mood can be dysphoric as well as euphoric. As the mania intensifies, irritability can be more pronounced and result in anxiety or anger. The symptoms of mania include elevated mood (either euphoric or irritable), flight of ideas, pressure of speech, increased energy, decreased "need" and desire for sleep, and hyperactivity. They are most plainly evident in fully developed hypomanic states, however, in full-blown mania, these symptoms become progressively exacerbated. In severe manic episodes, these symptoms may even be obscured by other signs and symptoms characteristic of psychosis, such as delusions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Relict (biology)
In biogeography and paleontology, a relict is a population or taxon of organisms that was more widespread or more diverse in the past. A relictual population is a population currently inhabiting a restricted area whose range was far wider during a previous geologic epoch. Similarly, a relictual taxon is a taxon (e.g. species or other lineage) which is the sole surviving representative of a formerly diverse group. Definition A relict (or relic) plant or animal is a taxon that persists as a remnant of what was once a diverse and widespread population. Relictualism occurs when a widespread habitat or range changes and a small area becomes cut off from the whole. A subset of the population is then confined to the available hospitable area, and survives there while the broader population either shrinks or evolves divergently. This phenomenon differs from endemism in that the range of the population was not always restricted to the local region. In other words, the species or group did ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthropod Eye
Eye#Apposition eyes, Apposition eyes are the most common form of eye, and are presumably the ancestral form of compound eye. They are found in all arthropod groups, although they may have evolved more than once within this phylum. Some annelids and bivalves also have apposition eyes. They are also possessed by ''Limulus'', the horseshoe crab, and there are suggestions that other chelicerates developed their simple eyes by reduction from a compound starting point. Some caterpillars appear to have evolved compound eyes from simple eyes in the opposite fashion. The arthropods ancestrally possessed Eye#Compound eyes, compound eyes, but the type and origin of this eye varies between groups, and some taxa have secondarily developed simple eyes. The organ's development through the lineage can be estimated by comparing groups that branched early, such as the Onychophora, velvet worm and horseshoe crab to the advanced eye condition found in insects and other Synapomorphy, derived arthr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surface area.Sayre, April Pulley (1999), ''Africa'', Twenty-First Century Books. . With nearly billion people as of , it accounts for about of the world's human population. Demographics of Africa, Africa's population is the youngest among all the continents; the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4. Based on 2024 projections, Africa's population will exceed 3.8 billion people by 2100. Africa is the least wealthy inhabited continent per capita and second-least wealthy by total wealth, ahead of Oceania. Scholars have attributed this to different factors including Geography of Africa, geography, Climate of Africa, climate, corruption, Scramble for Africa, colonialism, the Cold War, and neocolonialism. Despite this lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
