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Mamry (, ) is a
lake
A lake is often a naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface. It is localized in a basin or interconnected basins surrounded by dry land. Lakes lie completely on land and are separate from ...
in the Masurian Lake District
The Masurian Lake District or Masurian Lake Land () is a lake district in northeastern Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpath ...
of Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...
's Warmia-Mazury Province. It is the second largest lake in Poland, with an area of . The lake's maximum depth is with an average depth of .
It actually comprises six connected lakes: Mamry, Kirsajty, Kisajno, Dargin, Święcajty and Dobskie. Mamry features 33 islands, totaling , some of which are ornithological reserves.
Lake Mamry is a popular tourist destination. It is connected to the Pregolya
The Pregolya or Pregola (; ; ; ) is a river in the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast exclave.
Name
A possible ancient name by Ptolemy of the Pregolya River is Chronos (from Germanic *''hrauna'', "stony"), although other theories identify Chronos as a ...
and the Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by the countries of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North European Plain, North and Central European Plain regions. It is the ...
by the disused Masurian Canal
The Masurian Canal (, , ) is a abandoned canal in Poland and Russia in Central Europe. Planned to connect Königsberg (Kaliningrad) and Mauersee (Lake Mamry) in Prussia (region), Prussia, construction of the canal was paused for the World Wars ...
. The largest town on the lake shore is Giżycko
Giżycko (former or ''Łuczany''; ) is a town in northeastern Poland with 28,597 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is situated between Lake Kisajno and Lake Niegocin in the region of Masuria, within the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. It is ...
.
The lake bottom is diversified, with numerous depressions and shallows, while the northern part is considerably deeper, and the bottom is overgrown with raised vegetation and underwater meadows with horsetails. The shores of the lake are mostly low and marshy, partly overgrown with forest.
History
In the past, the lakes of the Mamry complex formed separate bodies of water connected by streams. The water level in the lakes rose in the 16th–17th centuries by several meters. The following factors contributed to the rise of the water level in the Mamry complex: the dam on the Węgorapa River (the mill), movements of the earth crust -post-glacial rebound
Post-glacial rebound (also called isostatic rebound or crustal rebound) is the rise of land masses after the removal of the huge weight of ice sheets during the last glacial period, which had caused isostatic depression. Post-glacial rebound an ...
in the northern part of the complex by a year. On the former road to the church from Kal to Węgielsztyn, some Masuria
Masuria ( ; ; ) is an ethnographic and geographic region in northern and northeastern Poland, known for its 2,000 lakes. Masuria occupies much of the Masurian Lake District. Administratively, it is part of the Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship (ad ...
n settlements and cemeteries were under water.
References
Lakes of Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship Węgorzewo County {{Węgorzewo-geo-stub