Maltese Australians are Australian citizens who are fully or partially of

Maltese Maltese may refer to: * Someone or something of, from, or related to Malta * Maltese alphabet * Maltese cuisine * Maltese culture * Maltese language, the Semitic language spoken by Maltese people * Maltese people, people from Malta or of Malte ...

descent or

Malta Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies ...

-born people who reside in Australia. While most of them emigrated to Australia from

, a number emigrated from the United Kingdom where they had settled after having been expelled from

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Med ...

, as holders of British passports, during the

Suez Crisis The Suez Crisis, or the Second Arab–Israeli war, also called the Tripartite Aggression ( ar, العدوان الثلاثي, Al-ʿUdwān aṯ-Ṯulāṯiyy) in the Arab world and the Sinai War in Israel,Also known as the Suez War or 1956 Wa ...

. According to the 2016 Census, there were 175,563 people of Maltese descent in Australia and 37,614 Malta-born people residing in the country at the moment of the census.

History

Migrants from Malta and Gozo working in sugar -cane farms in Mackay Queensland 1

Maltese immigrants land in Sydney from the SS Partizanka, 1948

The first Maltese to arrive in Australia was possibly

inmate A prisoner (also known as an inmate or detainee) is a person who is deprived of liberty against their will. This can be by confinement, captivity, or forcible restraint. The term applies particularly to serving a prison sentence in a prison. ...

John Pace in June 1790, though it is not clear if he was sent from Malta or if he was Maltese at all. The first certain Maltese to arrive in Australia were convicts around 1810. The first Maltese immigrant (as opposed to convict or bonded servant) is thought to have been

Antonio Azzopardi Antonio Azzopardi (25 January 1805 – 23 January 1881) was the first Maltese free settler in Australia Personal life Azzopardi was born in Żejtun, Malta to merchant Angelo Azzopardi and his wife Euphemia Cachia and emigrated to Victoria on bo ...

who arrived in 1838. Many attempts were made at organised mass migration throughout the 19th century but it was only in 1883 the first group of 70 labourers (and nine stowaways) arrived. Historically, Maltese immigrants were subject to the

White Australia policy The White Australia policy is a term encapsulating a set of historical policies that aimed to forbid people of non-European ethnic origin, especially Asians (primarily Chinese) and Pacific Islanders, from immigrating to Australia, starting ...

. In 1916, a group of 214 Maltese agricultural labourers left for Melbourne aboard a French ship, due to arrive on the date of the conscription referendum. When this became known in Australia, supporters of the "No" vote claimed that the government was importing cheap "coloured labour" to replace Australian workers conscripted for overseas service. The Maltese were called "coloured job jumpers" and the

Australian Workers' Union The Australian Workers' Union (AWU) is one of Australia's largest and oldest trade unions. It traces its origins to unions founded in the pastoral and mining industries in the 1880s and currently has approximately 80,000 members. It has exerci ...

described them as a "black menace". Realising the political danger of allowing the Maltese to land, Prime Minister

Billy Hughes William Morris Hughes (25 September 1862 – 28 October 1952) was an Australian politician who served as the seventh prime minister of Australia, in office from 1915 to 1923. He is best known for leading the country Military history of Austra ...

– who supported the "Yes" vote – refused them entry under the ''

Immigration Restriction Act 1901 The Immigration Restriction Act 1901 was an Act of the Parliament of Australia which limited immigration to Australia and formed the basis of the White Australia policy which sought to exclude all non-Europeans from Australia. The law granted i ...

'', and they were forced to land in

Nouméa Nouméa () is the capital and largest city of the French special collectivity of New Caledonia and is also the largest francophone city in Oceania. It is situated on a peninsula in the south of New Caledonia's main island, Grande Terre, an ...

, New Caledonia. This decision was controversial, as the Maltese were popular among ex-servicemen due to their support for the war effort. After three months, they were allowed to re-enter Australia, but only after being detained upon arrival for another two weeks. The migrants became known in Malta as "il-tfal ta Billy Hughes" ("the children of Billy Hughes"). Group and mass migration gradually picked up, first, to

Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_ ...

and, after

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

, to Sydney whose

automobile industry The automotive industry comprises a wide range of companies and organizations involved in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and selling of motor vehicles. It is one of the world's largest industries by revenue (from 16 % s ...

drew many. Immigration was not without difficulty as Maltese workers tended to be looked down upon and restrictions and quotas were applied. A significant percentage of the Maltese immigrants had intended to stay only temporarily for work but many settled in Australia permanently. Maltese immigration to Australia reached its peak during the 1960s. The majority of Maltese immigrants reside in Melbourne's western suburbs of

Sunshine Sunlight is a portion of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, in particular infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. On Earth, sunlight is scattered and filtered through Earth's atmosphere, and is obvious as daylight when ...

(especially on Glengala Rd) and

St Albans St Albans () is a cathedral city in Hertfordshire, England, east of Hemel Hempstead and west of Hatfield, north-west of London, south-west of Welwyn Garden City and south-east of Luton. St Albans was the first major town on the old Roma ...

, and in Sydney's western suburbs of

Greystanes Greystanes is a suburb in Greater Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Greystanes is located 25 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of Cumberland Council. Founded in the late 1790s, Grey ...

and

Horsley Park Horsley Park is a suburb of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Horsley Park is located 39 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the City of Fairfield. Horsley Park is part of ...

. The Maltese, as in their home country, are predominantly Roman Catholic. One of the first women to migrate from Malta to Australia was Carmela Sant in 1915. The move was prompted by her husband Giuseppe Ellul, who had migrated in 1913. Giuseppe Ellul was a stonemason in Mosta before moving to Australia to commence a successful career in sugar cane and dairy farming in Mackay, Queensland. In 1916 the couple gave birth to the first born Maltese Australian, Joseph Ellul. 259 Maltese boys and 51 Maltese girls were sent alone to Catholic institutions in Western and South Australia between 1950 and 1965, following negotiations between the Maltese and Western Australian governments which had started in 1928 when

Perth Perth is the list of Australian capital cities, capital and largest city of the Australian states and territories of Australia, state of Western Australia. It is the list of cities in Australia by population, fourth most populous city in Aust ...

-based Maltese priest Father Raphael Pace urged the Christian Brothers to include Maltese children in its emerging migration scheme. Instead of receiving a better education as their Maltese parents hoped for, many of them were exploited for building works, and were never scholarised in English, while also forgetting their own Maltese language. Similar to other children living with the Christian Brother, the children were abused and measures were taken to not allow or limit contact with their family members in Malta.

Notable individuals

* Adam Agius: Singer, guitarist and founding member of the heavy metal band

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. * Jason Agius: Actor. Also of

Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...

descent. * Daniel Amalm. Actor and musician. Also of Swedish descent. * Brendan Aquilina: Lawn bowler. *

John Aquilina John Joseph Aquilina (born 12 March 1950, in Malta), a former Australian politician, is a former member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly representing the electorate of Blacktown between 1981 and 1991 and the electorate of Riversto ...

: Politician. * Thomas Aquilina:

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er. *

Jayden Attard Jayden Attard (born 27 February 1986) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Brisbane Lions and the St Kilda Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL) from 2005 to 2008. Of Maltese descent, Attard ...

: Australian rules footballer. *

Monica Attard Monica Ann Attard OAM (born 12 December 1958) is an Australian journalist and academic. Early life Attard was born to Maltese parents in Sydney, where she was educated at Bethlehem College, Ashfield and Santa Sabina College.''Who's Who in Au ...

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: Former Detective Senior Sergeant of Victoria Police and author. *

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player. *

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: Musician. * Tony Briffa: Politician and first known intersex mayor and public officeholder in the world. * Jake Brimmer: Association footballer. *

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: Australian rules footballer. * Trent Buhagiar: Association footballer. * John Buttigieg: Rugby League player. Also of Aboriginal descent. * Mark Buttigieg: Politician. *

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: Australian rules footballer. *

Anthony Callea Anthony Cosmo Callea (born 13 December 1982) is an Australian singer-songwriter and stage actor who rose to prominence as the runner-up in the 2004 season of ''Australian Idol''. Callea's debut single, a cover of Celine Dion and Andrea Bocell ...

: Singer and 2004 ''

Australian Idol ''Australian Idol'' is an Australian singing competition, which began its first season in July 2003 and ended its initial run in November 2009. As part of the ''Idol'' franchise, Australian Idol originated from the reality program '' Pop Ido ...

'' winner. * Ashley Callus: Swimmer *

Joe Camilleri Joseph Vincent Camilleri, (born 21 May 1948) aka Jo Jo Zep or Joey Vincent, is a Maltese Australian singer-songwriter and musician. Camilleri has recorded as a solo artist and as a member of Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons and The Black Sorrows. Jo J ...

: Musician. * Joseph Camilleri: Social scientist and philosopher. *

Leslie Camilleri The Bega schoolgirl murders refer to the abduction, rape and murder of two Australian schoolgirls; 14-year-old Lauren Margaret Barry and 16-year-old Nichole Emma Collins of Bega, New South Wales, Australia on 6 October 1997.. They were abduct ...

: Criminal involved in the 1997

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. *

Terry Camilleri Terrance Camilleri (born 7 November 1949) is a Maltese-born Australian actor who has performed actively in both the United Kingdom and United States. He is best recognized for portraying Emperor Napoleon I in the blockbuster comedy film ''Bill ...

: Actor. *

Paul Capsis Paul may refer to: * Paul (given name), a given name (includes a list of people with that name) * Paul (surname), a list of people People Christianity *Paul the Apostle (AD c.5–c.64/65), also known as Saul of Tarsus or Saint Paul, early Chr ...

: Singer, actor and

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performer. Also of

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

descent. *

Troy Cassar-Daley Troy Cassar-Daley (born 18 May 1969) is an Australian country music songwriter and entertainer. Cassar-Daley has released thirteen studio albums, two live albums and five compilation albums over 30 years, including the platinum-selling '' The G ...

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Tyler Cassel Tyler Cassel (born 1 March 1995) is a Malta & Scotland international rugby league footballer who plays as a and . Background Cassel was born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Playing career International career Cassel made his intern ...

: Rugby League player. Also of Scottish descent. *

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: Association footballer and first openly gay player in the

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. Also of Italian descent. * Nicholas D'Agostino: Association footballer. Also of Italian descent. * Robyn Denholm (: Tesla chairman. Also of Italian and Scottish descent. *

Lou Drofenik Lou Drofenik (born Lou Zammit, 1941) is a Maltese-Australian novelist and academic. She lives in Victoria, Australia. Life Drofenik was born in Birkirkara, Malta. Her father was a stonemason. She completed her primary and secondary education ...

: Novelist and academic. * Laura Dundovic: Model. Also of

Croatian Croatian may refer to: * Croatia *Croatian language *Croatian people *Croatians (demonym) See also * * * Croatan (disambiguation) * Croatia (disambiguation) * Croatoan (disambiguation) * Hrvatski (disambiguation) * Hrvatsko (disambiguation) * S ...

descent. *

Alby Falzon Albert "Alby" Falzon (born 1945) is an Australian filmmaker, photographer and publisher in the surfing sub-culture. Early life Falzon grew up in the beachside suburb of Maroubra in Sydney, Australia. He did not begin surfing until the age of ...

: Filmmaker, photographer and publisher. *

Dan Falzon Dan Falzon (born 24 November 1972) is an Australian actor of Maltese descent, best known for his role as Rick Alessi on the television soap opera '' Neighbours''. He also appeared in the Channel Nine drama '' The Alice'', as a park ranger. H ...

: Actor. *

Joey Falzon Joey Jamie Falzon (born 2 October 1969) is a former professional footballer and current manager of Maltese First Division side St. George's. Throughout his career he played as a defender, and as a midfielder. Born in Australia, he represented ...

: Association footballer. * Michael Falzon: Musical theatre/rock tenor, actor and producer * Rachel Falzon: Photographer. *

Adam Farrugia Adam; el, Ἀδάμ, Adám; la, Adam is the name given in Genesis 1-5 to the first human. Beyond its use as the name of the first man, ''adam'' is also used in the Bible as a pronoun, individually as "a human" and in a collective sense as " ...

: 2019 '' Love Island Australia'' contestant. * Amanda Farrugia: Australian rules footballer. * Amelia Farrugia: Soprano opera singer. *

Jeff Fenech Jeff Fenech (born 28 May 1964) is an Australian former professional boxer who competed between 1984 and 2008. He won world titles in three weight divisions, having held the IBF bantamweight title from 1985 to 1987, the WBC super-bantamweight t ...

: Boxer. *

Mario Fenech Mario Fenech (nicknamed "The Maltese Falcon", “Falcon”, or "Muzza"; born 11 November 1961) is a Maltese Australian rugby league personality. He is a former player of the game who had a lengthy career in the New South Wales/Australian Rugb ...

: Rugby League player. *

Paul Fenech Paul Fenech (born 21 November 1972) is an Australian filmmaker, film and television actor, director, producer and writer. He is best known for writing, directing, producing and starring in the television series ''Pizza'', '' Swift and Shift Co ...

: Actor. *

Darren Gauci Darren Gauci (born 26 December 1965, in Melbourne, Australia) is a former Australian jockey. Racing career Gauci was one of Australia's most successful and durable jockeys. He won the Senior Victorian Jockeys Premiership in 1983–84, 1985� ...

: Horse Jockey. *

Natalie Gauci Natalie Rose Gauci (born 26 November 1981) is an Australian musician, producer and teacher. Gauci undertook music tuition at the Victorian College of the Arts, formed her own band that played gigs in Melbourne, while also working as a music te ...

: Singer and 2007 ''Australian Idol'' winner. Also of Italian descent. *

Ryan Gambin Ryan Gambin (born 23 May 1985) is a swimmer who specialized in the butterfly events. Born in Australia, he represented Malta internationally. He represented his parental homeland Malta at the 2008 Summer Olympics and also trained throughout hi ...

: Swimmer. * Matt Gafa: Rugby League player. *

Ben Galea Ben Galea (born 16 August 1978) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer. A City New South Wales representative forward, he previously played in Australasia's National Rugby League for the Balmain Tigers and the Wests Tiger ...

: Rugby League player. * Danny Galea: Rugby League player. * James Galea: Magician and actor. * Rob Galea: Roman Catholic priest and contemporary Christian singer-songwriter. * Godwin Grech: Politician. * Alex Grima: Australian rules footballer. *

Blake Grima Blake Grima (born 8 June 1984) is an Australian rules footballer who played for North Melbourne in the Australian Football League (AFL) between 2004 and 2008. He was drafted from the Eastern Ranges club in the TAC Cup with the 38th selection ...

: Australian rules footballer. * Hollie Grima: Basketballer. * Nathan Grima: Australian rules footballer. *

Todd Grima Todd or Todds may refer to: Places ;Australia: * Todd River, an ephemeral river ;United States: * Todd Valley, California, also known as Todd, an unincorporated community * Todd, Missouri, a ghost town * Todd, North Carolina, an unincorporat ...

: Australian rules footballer. *

Andrew Heffernan Andrew Heffernan (born 18 June 1975 in Hong Kong) is a Dutch equestrian, living in Nantwich, Cheshire. At the 2012 Summer Olympics The 2012 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the XXX Olympiad and also known as London 2012) was ...

: Rugby League player. * Jenny Hill: Mayor of

Townsville, Queensland Townsville is a city on the north-eastern coast of Queensland, Australia. With a population of 180,820 as of June 2018, it is the largest settlement in North Queensland; it is unofficially considered its capital. Estimated resident population, 30 ...

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: Television personality. Also of Austrian descent. * John Hutchinson: Association footballer. *

Jed Kurzel Jed Danyel Kurzel (born 1976) is an Australian singer-songwriter-guitarist and film composer. He is a founding member of The Mess Hall (from 2001), a blues rock duo. His older brother Justin Kurzel is a film director and screenwriter. Life ...

: Singer-songwriter-guitarist and film composer. Also of

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken *Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwr ...

descent. *

Justin Kurzel Justin Dallas Kurzel (; born 1974) is an Australian film director and screenwriter. Early life Kurzel was born 1974 in Gawler, South Australia to a family of immigrant roots, his father hailing from Poland and his mother from Malta. His youn ...

: Singer-songwriter-guitarist and film composer. Also of Polish descent. *

Jamie Maclaren Jamie Maclaren (born 29 July 1993) is an Australian professional Association football, soccer player who plays as a Forward (association football), striker for A-League club Melbourne City FC, Melbourne City. He has also previously played for SV ...

: Association footballer. Also of Scottish descent. *

Alex Malley Alex Malley, is the former chief executive of CPA Australia. He was removed by the CPA board of directors in late June 2017 after months of controversy regarding his excessive salary and the use of CPA funds for self-promotion of his book and T ...

: Former chief executive of

CPA Australia CPA Australia ("Certified Practising Accountant") is a professional accounting body in Australia founded in 1886. As of 31 December 2020, it has 168,736 members working in 150 countries and regions around the world. CPA Australia currently has ...

. Also of Greek descent. *

Mark Mallia Mark Mallia is a self-taught outsider artist who works with abstract and portrait paintings on a variety of mixed media and ceramic sculptures. Mallia is Maltese, born in Pieta, Malta in 1965, and has worked in Malta, Monaco, UK and the Unit ...

: Outsider artist. * Mitchell Mallia: Association footballer. * Jake Mamo: Rugby League player. * Sean McMahon:

Rugby Union Rugby union, commonly known simply as rugby, is a Contact sport#Terminology, close-contact team sport that originated at Rugby School in the first half of the 19th century. One of the Comparison of rugby league and rugby union, two codes of ru ...

player. * Paul Mellor: Rugby League player. *

Shaun Micallef Shaun Patrick Micallef (; born 18 July 1962) is an Australian comedian, actor, writer and television presenter. He is currently the host of the satirical news comedy series ''Shaun Micallef's Mad as Hell'' on the ABC. He also hosted the game s ...

: Television personality. *

Steve Mifsud Steve Mifsud (born 25 August 1972 in Australia) is a Maltese Australian professional snooker player. Career He was a winner of the IBSF World Amateur Championship in Cairo, Egypt in 2002, beating Tim English 11–6 in the final which enab ...

: Snooker player. *

Kevin Moore Kevin Moore (born May 26, 1967) is an American keyboardist, composer, and founder of the Chroma Key music project. He is also a former member of the American progressive metal/ rock band Dream Theater, co-founder of the progressive rock super ...

: Sprinter. Also of

Cypriot Cypriot (in older sources often "Cypriote") refers to someone or something of, from, or related to the country of Cyprus. * Cypriot people, or of Cypriot descent; this includes: ** Armenian Cypriots ** Greek Cypriots ** Maronite Cypriots ** Tur ...

descent. *

Christine Muscat Christine may refer to: People * Christine (name), a female given name Film * ''Christine'' (1958 film), based on Schnitzler's play ''Liebelei'' * ''Christine'' (1983 film), based on King's novel of the same name * ''Christine'' (1987 fil ...

: Member of the pop group

Sister2Sister Sister2Sister or S2S are an Australian duo comprising the Muscat sisters, Christine and Sharon, who were pop singers, songwriters and television presenters. Their debut album, ''One'' (June 2000), peaked at No. 3 on the ARIA Albums Chart ...

. *

Kevin Muscat Kevin Vincent Muscat (born 7 August 1973) is an Australian former association football player and the current manager of Yokohama F. Marinos. As a player, he represented the Australia national team at international level winning 46 caps and scor ...

: Association footballer. *

Manny Muscat Emmanuel "Manny" Muscat (born 7 December 1984) is a former professional footballer who last played as a defensive midfielder or right back for Green Gully in the NPL Victoria. Born in Australia, he represented the Malta national team. Club ...

: Association footballer. *

Sharon Muscat Sharon ( he, שָׁרוֹן ''Šārôn'' "plain") is a given name as well as an Israeli surname. In English-speaking areas, Sharon is now predominantly a feminine given name. However, historically it was also used as a masculine given name. In I ...

: Member of the pop group Sister2Sister. *

Steven Pace Steven Pace (born 6 March 1983) is an Australian footballer who plays for Heidelberg United FC. Club career Earlier in his career, Pace played for various Victorian teams, including South Melbourne, Essendon Royals and the Preston Lions. He ...

: Association footballer. * Shaun Parnis: Lawn bowler. * Reno Piscopo: Association footballer. Also of Italian descent. * Diana Prazak: Boxer. Also of Croatian descent. * Geoff Robinson: Rugby League player. Also of

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national id ...

descent. *

Jarrod Sammut Jarrod Sammut (born 15 February 1987) is a Maltese international rugby league footballer who plays as a or for the Barrow Raiders in the BetFred Championship. He previously played as a for the Penrith Panthers in the NRL, and played for ...

: Rugby League player. Also of Aboriginal descent. * Madeleine Scerri: Swimmer. *

Joe Spiteri Joseph Spiteri (born 6 May 1973) is an Australian former soccer player who played at both professional and international levels as a striker. Personal life Spiteri is of Maltese descent and lives in a Maltese neighbourhood of a Sydney subu ...

: Association footballer. *

Shane Sultana Shane may refer to: People * Shane (actress) (born 1969), American pornographic actress * Shane (New Zealand singer) (born 1946) * iamnotshane (born 1995), formerly known as Shane, American singer * Shane (name), a masculine given name and a ...

: Rugby League coach. *

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: Singer-songwriter. *

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: 2019 '' Love Island Australia'' contestant. *

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: Rugby League player. * Jason Singh: Singer for the Melbourne band

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. Also of

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descent. *

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: Singer, songwriter and record producer. * Sam Stone: Rugby League player. *

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: Rugby League player. Also of Italian descent. * Melissa Tkautz: Actress. Also of Austrian descent. *

Kym Valentine Kym Valentine (born 24 May 1977) is an Australian actress best known for her long running intermittent portrayal of Libby Kennedy in the soap opera '' Neighbours.'' Early life Valentine was born in Blacktown, Sydney, and grew up in Granville. ...

: Actress. *

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: Sport shooter. *

Alex Vella Alessio Emmanuel Vella (born 5 June 1953), or Maltese Falcon, is a Maltese businessman, former boxer and the former National President of the Rebels Motorcycle Club in Australia. Despite having lived in Australia since the 1960s, he is not a ci ...

: Businessman, former boxer and the former National President of the

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. *

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: Rugby League player. * Candice Warner: Ironwoman, television personality and wife of Australian

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. *

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: Actress and model. Also of English descent. * Bronson Xerri: Rugby League player. * Tristan Xerri: Australian rules footballer. *

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: Australian Retailers Association CEO. *

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References

Bibliography

* Maurice N. Cauchi,
Maltese Migrants in Australia
', Malta 1990 * Barry York
Maltese 'prohibited immigrants': the Australian experience, 1912–1946
* Barry York
The Maltese of Woolloomooloo Wharf

Documents relating to Early Maltese Migration to Australia
– Department of Immigration, Western Australian Branch, General Correspondence File, Maltese Immigrants and Stowaways pages, 1927–34* Barry York
Maltese Identity in Australia – What Future?
speech for the National Conference of Maltese Community Councils of Australia in 1993 * Sandra Kipp
Maltese language maintenance in Australia (based on the 1996 Census)
from: ''Maltese Background Youth'' – Editors Cauchi M, Borland H, Adams R, 1999, urope Australia Institute p 9 * Maurice Cauchi
Education and Maltese language usage among persons of Maltese background
, from: ''Maltese Background Youth'' – Editors Cauchi M, Borland H, Adams R, 1999, urope Australia Institute p 1

External links

CC-By-SA A Creative Commons (CC) license is one of several public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted "work".A "work" is any creative material made by a person. A painting, a graphic, a book, a song/lyrics ...

] (History of Maltese in Sydney)
CHAPTER 1 The Maltese in Australia 1881–84
* Mark Caruana
Maltese Surnames on 2000 Telephone Directories
June 2000 *Mark Caruana
The Maltese of New Caledonia Incident 1916
– Newspaper Coverage in Australia on the Maltese of New Caledonia Incident 1916 {{Maltese diaspora Immigration to Australia European Australian Maltese diaspora