200px, Macarius, Metropolitan of Moscow Makaryev Sobors () were two Local Council meetings of the

Russian Orthodox Church The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; ;), also officially known as the Moscow Patriarchate (), is an autocephaly, autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox Christian church. It has 194 dioceses inside Russia. The Primate (bishop), p ...

, convened in 1547 and 1549 by Macarius, Metropolitan of Moscow, for the purpose of

canonization Canonization is the declaration of a deceased person as an officially recognized saint, specifically, the official act of a Christianity, Christian communion declaring a person worthy of public veneration and entering their name in the canon ca ...

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

saint In Christianity, Christian belief, a saint is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of sanctification in Christianity, holiness, imitation of God, likeness, or closeness to God in Christianity, God. However, the use of the ...

s. For this reason, the period Makarevskuyu cathedrals called "new era of miracle workers". According to the church historian AV Kartasheva, Metropolitan Macarius called these churches for the purpose of canonization Russian saints, based on the understanding of the "special position of the Russian Church in the Universe" and " fait accompli political unification of Russia". Makary cathedrals finally formed canonization procedure for solving the conciliar bishops and with the approval of the primate of the Church.Макарий (Веретенников), архим. Макарьевские соборы 1547 и 1549 годов и их значение // Русская художественная культура XV—XVI веков: Материалы и исследования. М., 1998. Т. 1. С. 5 Initially, researchers believed that only consolidated data Cathedrals

liturgical Liturgy is the customary public ritual of worship performed by a religious group. As a religious phenomenon, liturgy represents a communal response to and participation in the sacred through activities reflecting praise, thanksgiving, remembra ...

celebration of the

saints In Christian belief, a saint is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of holiness, likeness, or closeness to God. However, the use of the term ''saint'' depends on the context and denomination. In Anglican, Oriental Orth ...

, the former previously Locally, in the church-wide scale. The notion that made a number of cathedrals

of saints, is available in Metropolitan Macarius (Bulgakov), but the first time that they were intended only canonized saints, wrote historian

Vasily Klyuchevsky Vasily Osipovich Klyuchevsky (; – ) was a leading Russian Empire, Russian Imperial historian of the late imperial period. He also addressed the contemporary Russian economy in his writings. Biography A village priest's son, Klyuchevsky studi ...

. Modern scholars believe that these churches were rather liturgical than kanonizatsionnymi - that is, had not intended to glorify the new saints as their veneration known in dosoborny period and systematization of data

hagiography A hagiography (; ) is a biography of a saint or an ecclesiastical leader, as well as, by extension, an adulatory and idealized biography of a preacher, priest, founder, saint, monk, nun or icon in any of the world's religions. Early Christian ...

of saints and their approval

hymnography A hymnwriter (or hymn writer, hymnist, hymnodist, hymnographer, etc.) is someone who writes the text, music, or both of hymns. In the Judeo-Christian tradition, the composition of hymns dates back to before the time of David, who is traditionally ...

Council of 1547

The Council of 1547 opened on February 26, the week of the

Triumph of Orthodoxy The Feast of Orthodoxy (or Sunday of Orthodoxy or Triumph of Orthodoxy) is celebrated on the first Sunday of Great Lent in the Eastern Orthodox Church and other churches using the Byzantine Rite to commemorate, originally, only the final defeat ...

. The list of saints glorified at the council is known from the council decree on the celebration of saints. It has been preserved in three lists, which differ significantly from each other (the number of canonized saints varies from 11 to 14 in relation to general church saints, the number of locally venerated saints in all lists is the same - 9). According to the research of historian

Yevgeny Golubinsky Yevgeny Yevsigneyevich Golubinsky (; 28 February 1834 – 7 January 1912) was one of three major church historians of the Russian Empire, along with Macarius Bulgakov and Filaret Gumilevsky. He was considered the foremost authority on the Russian m ...

, the following saints were canonized by the council: All saints glorified by this council for general church veneration are called miracle workers, with Jonah, John, Paphnutius, and Macarius being called great miracle workers, and the rest new. It is especially noted in the act that the canonization of Alexander Nevsky took place “with every test of miracles occurring from the honorable

reliquary A reliquary (also referred to as a ''shrine'', ''Chasse (casket), chasse'', or ''phylactery'') is a container for relics. A portable reliquary, or the room in which one is stored, may also be called a ''feretory''. Relics may be the purported ...

.”

Council of 1549

The act of the Council of 1549 has not survived. It is known from the speech of Tsar

Ivan IV Ivan IV Vasilyevich (; – ), commonly known as Ivan the Terrible,; ; monastic name: Jonah. was Grand Prince of Moscow and all Russia from 1533 to 1547, and the first Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia from 1547 until his death in 1584. ...

to the Stoglav Synod of 1551, and the list of canonized persons was determined by

based on a comparison of the full list of saints canonized by Macarius with the decree of the Council of 1547. Since this council did not divide saints into those universally venerated and those locally venerated, researchers distinguish among the 16 saints canonized at it those who already had local veneration and new ones.

Feast day

In memory of the canonization of the saints at the Makaryev Sobors, a feast day was established: the Feast of Russian Miracle Workers, glorified by Saint Macarius in 1547 and 1549. After the canonization of the saints at the Makaryev Sobors, a monk of the Spaso-Evfimiev Suzdal Monastery, Gregory, composed a service in which all Russian saints were collectively glorified. In the

canon Canon or Canons may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Canon (fiction), the material accepted as officially written by an author or an ascribed author * Literary canon, an accepted body of works considered as high culture ** Western canon, th ...

, after listing the names of all-Russian saints, glorified even earlier, there follow the names of saints canonized at the Councils of 1547 and 1549. The lives of the glorified saints were included in the second and third editions of the Great Menaion Reader, the Dormition and Tsar's lists. The celebration of the council takes place on July 16 (New Style July 29), the day after the memory of Saint

Vladimir the Great Vladimir I Sviatoslavich or Volodymyr I Sviatoslavych (; Christian name: ''Basil''; 15 July 1015), given the epithet "the Great", was Prince of Novgorod from 970 and Grand Prince of Kiev from 978 until his death in 1015. The Eastern Orthodox ...

References

{{reflist Russian Orthodox Church in Russia 1547 in Russia 1549 in Russia History of the Russian Orthodox Church