Practice
Reginald Ray (2002: p. 124) associates the Mahāyoga with removing aggression, or anger. An embedded quotation by Tulku Thondup identifies the focus of Mahayoga as viewing the universe as a manifestation of the Buddhist deities, a practice associated with the two truths doctrine that recognises both a conventional and an ultimate truth:Mahāyoga-yana is associated with the masculine principle and is for those whose primary defilement is aggression. In Mahāyoga, one visualizes oneself as the divinity with consort. "All manifestation, thoughts and appearances are considered to be the sacred aspects of the divinities within relative truth," in the words of Tulku Thondup. By visualizing all phenomena as the deities of the mandala of buddhahood, in the development stage, all appearances are purified.Ray, Reginald A. (2002). ''Indestructible Truth: The Living Spirituality of Tibetan Buddhism - The World of Tibetan Buddhism Volume One''. Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.: Shambala Publications, Inc. . P.124.Ray (2002: p. 124) highlights the pre-eminent usage of visualization amongst the techniques of tantric sadhana and the teaching of the "eight cosmic commands":
One particular keynote of mahāyoga-yana has to do with the use of visualization. In the Vajrayana in general, one visualizes oneself as the buddha, thus giving external form to the enlightenment within. Like-wise, one visualizes the external world as pure and sacred, thus under-cutting the usual practice of taking things as impure and defiled. In mahāyoga, one comes to the realization that actually all of our everyday experience is a visualization. Just as we can visualize ourselves as a buddha and the world as pure, so we can visualize ourselves as an existent ego and the world as defiled. Realizing that all of our images and conceptions of reality are in fact complex visualizations, we gain a unique entry into the underpinnings of the conventional world and gain a certain kind of unparalleled leverage over it. This is reflected in the mahāyoga-yana teaching of the "eight cosmic commands," eight kinds of ways to intervene in the operation of the conventional world and alter its momentum for the benefit of others.
Mahāyoga textual tradition
As with the other yanas, Mahāyoga represents both a scriptural division as well as a specific emphasis of both view (Tibetan: ''ta-ba'') and practice (Tibetan: ''yod-pa''). Mahāyoga scriptures are further divided into two sections: the Sadhana section, consisting of practice texts for meditation on specific deities, and the Tantra section. In introducing the ''mTshams brag Edition of the Collected Tantras of the Ancients rnying ma rgyud 'bum'', the textual tradition of the Mahāyoga-yana, the "Tibetan and Himalayan Library" states:The Mahāyoga section of the Collected Tantras of the Ancients is the largest of the three. It is divided into two major sections: the Tantra Series (''rgyud sde'') and the Practice Series (''sgrub sde''). One of the seminal Tantras of the Ancients found in this section is the Secret Essence Tantra or ' 'gsang ba'i snying po'i rgyud'', which has spawned not only a plethora of Indo-Tibetan commentaries but also a heated debate in Tibet over its authenticity.SourceThe "Tibetan and Himalayan Library" states that "although the ''mTshams brag'' edition of The Collected Tantras does not rigorously organize its texts according to sub-categories, the Mahāyoga category can be further subdivided according to the following scheme": #Tantra Series (''rgyud sde'') ##The eightfold set of root Magical Emanation Tantras (''Mayajala'', ''rtsa bar gyur sgyu 'phrul sde brgyad'') ##The eighteenfold set of explanatory tantras (''bshad pa dang cha mthun gyi rgyud tantra sde bco brgyad'') (see below) ###Enlightened Body (''sku'') ###Enlightened Speech (''gsung'') ###Enlightened Mind (''thugs'') ###Enlightened Qualities (''yon tan'') ###Enlightened Activities (''phrin las'') ##Miscellaneous #Practice Series of the Eight Proclamation Deities (''sgrub sde bka
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Eighteen great tantras of Mahāyoga
The 'eighteen great tantras' (Wylie: ''bshad pa dang cha mthun gyi rgyud tantra sde bco brgyad'') from the Tantra series described above are at the heart of the Mahāyoga tradition. These are grouped into 'five root tantras' (Wylie: ''rtsa ba sku gsung thugs yon tan phrin las kyi rgyud chen po lnga''), 'five practice tantras' (Wylie: ''sgrub pa lag len du bstan pa rol pa' rgyud chen po lnga''), and 'five activity tantras' (Wylie: ''spyod pa'i yan lag tu 'gro ba'i rgyud chen po lnga''), and the 'two supplementary tantras' (Wylie: ''ma tshang kha bskong ba'i rgyud chen po gnyis''). Together they are known as the ''Māyājāla''. They are as follows: The " Guhyagarbha Tantra" (Wylie: ''rDo rje sems dpa' sgyu 'phrul drwa ba''; ''gSang ba snying po'') is the foremost of all of these and it abridges the content of the seventeen others as follows:Root tantras
* Equalizing Buddhahood (the tantra of the body) (Wylie: ''Sangs rgyas mnyam sbyor gyi rtsa ba mkha' 'gro ma bde mchog rtsa ba'i rgyud'') Skt: sarva buddha sama yoga tantra rāja * The Secret Moon, (the tantra of speech) (Wylie: ''dPal Zla gsang thig le rtsa ba'i rgyud'') Skt: candra guhya tilaka * The Assembly of Secrets ( Guhyasamāja Tantra) (the tantra of mind) (Wylie: ''dPal gSang ba 'dus pa'') Skt: sarva tathāgata kāya vāk citta rahasyo guhya samāja nāma mahā kalpa rāja * The Glorious Supreme Primal Tantra (the tantra of qualities) (Wylie: ''dPal mchog dang po'') Skt: śrī paramādya nāma mahāyāna kalpa rāja * The Activity Garland Tantra (the tantra of activities) (Wylie: ''Kar ma ma le'') Skt: tantra rāja mahā karma mālaPractice tantras
* The Heruka Practice Tantra (Wylie: ''He ru ka rol pa'i rgyud'') Skt: śrī heruka tantra * TheActivity Tantras
* The Mountain Pile (Wylie: ''Go 'phang dbang gis bgrod pa ri bo brtsegs pa'i rgyud'') * The Awesome Wisdom Lightning (Wylie: ''La spyod pas dor ba rngam pa glog gi 'khor lo'i rgyud'') * The Array of Samayas (Wylie: ''gZhi dam tshigs gis bzung ba bkod pa rgyal po'i rgyud'') Skt: mahā samaya racita sarva kaṭa tantra * The One-Pointed Samadhi (Wylie: ''Nyams su ting 'dzin gyis blangs pa rtse gcig bsdus pa'i rgyud'') Skt: āryāvalokiteshvara samādhyeka tantra * The Rampant Elephant (Wylie: Phang lta bas bcad pa glang po rab 'bog gi rgyud'') Skt: hasti gajipa dama tantraLast Tantras that complete whatever is incomplete
* The Vairochana Net of Magical Display (Wylie: ''rNam par snang mdzad sgyu 'phrul drwa ba'i rgyud'') Skt: guhya garbha tattva niścaya * The Noble, Skilful Lasso, the Concise Lotus Garland (Wylie: ''Thabs kyi zhags pa pad mo'i phreng ba'i rgyud'') Skt: ārya kala pāśa padma māle saṃgrahaEight Herukas of the Nyingma Mahāyoga
The eight Herukas (Wylie: ''sgrub pa bka’ brgyad'') of theDiffusion
The Tibetan master Pelyang (dPal dbyangs) was influential in bringing Mahayoga toReferences
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