Maciej (Suleyman bey) Sulkiewicz ( be, Мацей Аляксандравіч Сулькевіч, translit=Maciej Aliaksandravič Sulkievič, az, Süleyman bəy Sulkeviç, russian: Матвей (Магомет) Сулькевич, translit=Matvey (Magomet) Sulkevich; 20 June 1865 – 15 July 1920) was an Imperial Russian

lieutenant general Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the ...

, Prime Minister of

Crimean Regional Government Crimean Regional Government (russian: Крымское краевое правительство ''Krymskoe kraevoe pravitel'stvo'') refers to two successive short-lived regimes in the Crimean Peninsula during 1918 and 1919. History Following R ...

(1918), and Chief of General Staff of Azerbaijani Armed Forces in 1918–20. Born to parents of

Lipka Tatar The Lipka Tatars (Lipka – refers to '' Lithuania'', also known as Lithuanian Tatars; later also – Polish Tatars, Polish-Lithuanian Tatars, ''Lipkowie'', ''Lipcani'', ''Muślimi'', ''Lietuvos totoriai'') are a Turkic ethnic group who origin ...

origin, he changed his name to Mohammad after settling in

Azerbaijan Democratic Republic The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic), or simply as Azerbaijan in Paris Peace Conference, 1919–1920,''Bulletin d'Information de l'Azerbaidjan'', No. I, September 1, 1919, pp. 6–7''125 H.C.Debs.'', 58., February 24, 1920, p. 1467. Caucasian Az ...

, but in

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ...

he is still known as Suleyman bey Sulkiewicz and Mammad bey Sulkiewicz. He joined the

Imperial Russian Army The Imperial Russian Army (russian: Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия, Romanization of Russian, tr. ) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the earl ...

in 1883 and became an officer in 1886. He was promoted to major general in 1910 and to lieutenant general in 1915. Sulkiewicz participated in the Chinese expedition against the Boxers, in the

Russo-Japanese War The Russo-Japanese War ( ja, 日露戦争, Nichiro sensō, Japanese-Russian War; russian: Ру́сско-япóнская войнá, Rússko-yapónskaya voyná) was fought between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire during 1904 and 1 ...

and

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

. Before the

Russo–Japanese War The Russo-Japanese War ( ja, 日露戦争, Nichiro sensō, Japanese-Russian War; russian: Ру́сско-япóнская войнá, Rússko-yapónskaya voyná) was fought between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire during 1904 and ...

he served in the

Odessa Military District The Odesa Military District (russian: Одесский военный округ, ОВО; , abbreviated ) was a military administrative division of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In 1998 most of its territory was transformed into the Southern Opera ...

in 1894–1905 and served as a chief of staff at the Ochakov Fortress. During the

, Sulkiewicz fought at the

Battle of Mukden The , one of the largest land battles to be fought before World War I and the last and the most decisive major land battle of the Russo-Japanese War, was fought from 20 February to 10 March 1905 between Japan and Russia near Mukden i ...

as a member of the 8th Army Corps of the 2nd Manchurian Army, commanding the 57th Modlin Infantry Regiment. During his tour at the Far East, Sulkiewicz was honored with several orders of Imperial Russia such as the Order of Saint Anna, the Order of Saint Vladimir, and the Golden Weapon for Bravery. After the Russo–Japanese War, he remained in the Asian portion of Russia serving in the Irkutsk Military District. During the

, he fought at the

Romanian Front The Romanian Front ( ro, Frontul Românesc, FR) was a moderate fascist party created in Romania in 1935. Led by former Prime Minister Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, it originated as a right-wing splinter group from the mainstream National Peasants' Part ...

. In the late 1917 Sulkiewicz was involved in creation of the 1st Muslim Army Corps, yet remained at the service of the Russian Romanian Front administration. Upon singing of the

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Treaty of Brest in Russia) was a separate peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's ...

between the

Soviet Russia The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...

and the Central powers, Sulkiewicz came to Crimea with the

Central powers The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,german: Mittelmächte; hu, Központi hatalmak; tr, İttifak Devletleri / ; bg, Централни сили, translit=Tsentralni sili was one of the two main coalitions that fought in ...

occupational forces which forced Bolshevik irregular formations out of Crimea and formed the

as interim government in

Crimea Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a p ...

under the

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...

occupying forces. As a provisional governor of Crimea, Sulkiewicz negotiated with the Ukrainian government a federative relations between mainland Ukraine and Crimea. After the end of

and withdrawal of the

troops out of Crimea in late 1918, Sulkiewicz moved to Azerbaijan and became Chief of Staff of

Azerbaijani Armed Forces The Azerbaijani Armed Forces ( az, Azərbaycan Silahlı Qüvvələri) were re-established according to the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the Armed Forces from 9 October 1991. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) had originally formed ...

of ADR on 26 March 1919. He was executed by the

Bolsheviks The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...

, after the Bolshevik invasion of Azerbaijan in 1920.

Gallery

File:Maçey Süleyman Sulkeviçin Varşava şəhərinin Praqa rayonunda ucaldılmış abidəsi.jpg, Bust of General Sulkiewicz was installed in 2017 in

Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is official ...

which emphasizes that he is "Polak" (Pole)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sulkiewicz, Maciej 1865 births 1920 deaths People from Voranava District People from Lidsky Uyezd Lipka Tatars People from the Russian Empire of Lipka Tatar descent Generals of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic Russian military personnel of World War I Azerbaijani military personnel of the Armenian–Azerbaijani War (1918–1920) Chiefs of General Staff of Azerbaijani Armed Forces Azerbaijan Democratic Republic politicians History of Crimea Imperial Russian Army generals Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian) Anti-communists from the Russian Empire People from the Russian Empire of Polish descent Azerbaijani generals of Imperial Russian Army