''Macavirus'' is a genus of

viruses A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are found in almo ...

in the order ''

Herpesvirales ''Herpesvirales'' is an order of dsDNA viruses (Baltimore group I) with animal hosts, characterised by a common morphology consisting of an icosahedral capsid enclosed in a glycoprotein-containing lipid envelope. Common infections in humans cause ...

'', in the family ''

Herpesviridae ''Orthoherpesviridae'', previously named and more widely known as ''Herpesviridae'', is a large family of DNA viruses that cause infections and certain diseases in animals, including humans. The members of this family are commonly known as herp ...

'', in the subfamily ''

Gammaherpesvirinae ''Gammaherpesvirinae'' is a subfamily of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales'' and in the family ''Herpesviridae''. Viruses in ''Gammaherpesvirinae'' are distinguished by reproducing at a more variable rate than other subfamilies of ''Herpesvir ...

''. Mammals serve as natural hosts. There are nine species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: inapparent infection in their reservoir hosts (wildebeest for alHV-1 and sheep for ovHV-2), but fatal

lymphoproliferative Lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) refer to a specific class of diagnoses, comprising a group of several conditions, in which lymphocytes are produced in excessive quantities. These disorders primarily present in patients who have a compromised ...

disease when they infect MCF-susceptible hosts, including cattle, deer, bison, water buffalo and pigs.

Species

The genus consists of the following nine species: * '' Macavirus alcelaphinegamma1'', also called Alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 1 * '' Macavirus alcelaphinegamma2'', also called Alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 2 * '' Macavirus bovinegamma6'', also called Bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 * ''

Macavirus caprinegamma2 ''Macavirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales'', in the family ''Herpesviridae'', in the subfamily ''Gammaherpesvirinae''. Mammals serve as natural hosts. There are nine species in this genus. Diseases associated with this gen ...

'', also called Caprine gammaherpesvirus 2 * '' Macavirus hippotraginegamma1'', also called Hippotragine gammaherpesvirus 1 * '' Macavirus ovinegamma2'', also called Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 * '' Macavirus suidgamma3'', also called Suid gammaherpesvirus 3 * '' Macavirus suidgamma4'', also called Suid gammaherpesvirus 4 * '' Macavirus suidgamma5'', also called Suid gammaherpesvirus 5

Structure

Viruses in ''Macavirus'' are enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical to pleomorphic, and Round geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150-200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 180kb in length.

Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral glycoproteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model. Dna templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear egress, and budding. Mammals serve as the natural host.

References

External links

Viralzone: ''Macavirus''

ICTV
{{Taxonbar, from=Q18813549 Herpesviridae Virus genera