Discovery
MDA-19 was first synthesized and studied in the late 2000s by researchers at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.Pharmacology
MDA-19 binds to human CB2 receptors at Ki = 43.3 ± 10.3 nM and human CB1 receptors at Ki = 162.4 ± 7.6 nM and functions as an agonist in human cannabinoid receptors but functions differently in rat cannabinoid receptors binding to rat cannabinoid CB2 receptors at Ki = 16.3 ± 2.1 and CB1 receptors at Ki = 1130 ± 574 nM binding to rat CB1 receptors 6.9× weaker than human CB1 receptors but increased binding for CB2. MDA-19 is an agonist at human CB1 and CB2 receptors as well as rat CB1 receptors but functions as an inverse agonist in rat CB2 receptors.Society and Culture
MDA-19 along with its shortened Pentyl tailchain analog (MDA-19-Pentyl / 5Carbon-MDA-19/ BZO-POXIZID) and its 5-Fluoro Pentyl analog (5F-MDA-19 /5F-BZO-POXIZID) and its Cyclohexylmethyl analog (CHM-MDA-19 / BZO-CHMOXIZID) was identified in synthetic smoke blends seized in the United States as early as September 2021. United States Border Protection Officers identified BZO-4en-POXIZID (also known as 4en-pentyl-MDA-19) as early as February, 2022 The Center for Forensic Science Research & Education (CFSRE) analyzed 11 samples of suspected synthetic smoke blends between May and September 2022 within the Philadelphia area and found the pentyl analog of MDA-19 in 5 out of 11 samples. Despite their reported lower CB1 binding affinity, other low CB1 binding synthetic cannabinoids such as UR-144 (Ki = 150 nM CB1 and Ki = 1.8 nM CB2) and XLR-11 (EC50 values of 98 nM CB1 and 83 nM CB2) have been previously identified in smoke blends in 2012.Legality
In the United States, As of October 20, 2024 MDA-19 is legal at the federal level, but may be considered illegal if intended for human consumption under the federal analogue act. North Dakota has placed MDA-19 (along with BZO-CHMOXIZID (CHM-MDA-19), BZO-POXIZID (Pentyl MDA-19), 5F-BZO-POXIZID (5F-MDA-19) and BZO-4en-POXIZID (4en-pentyl MDA-19) into Schedule I on 04/27/23. In China, the May 2021 ban on specific synthetic cannabinoid core classes does not include the class of cannabinoids MDA-19 belongs to.See also
* BZO-CHMOXIZID * JWH-007 * JWH-116 * JWH-196 * AM-1221 * JWH-015 * JWH-047 * JWH-167 * JTE 7-31 * UR-144 * XLR-11References
{{Cannabinoids Cannabinoids