''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of plants in the legume family

Fabaceae Fabaceae () or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomen ...

. The genus includes over 199

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

, with centres of diversity in

North North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. ''North'' is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating Direction (geometry), direction or geography. Etymology T ...

and

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...

. Smaller centres occur in

North Africa North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region. However, it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of t ...

and the

Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern ...

. They are widely cultivated, both as a food source and as ornamental plants, but are invasive to some areas.

Description

The species are mostly

herbaceous Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition of ...

perennial plant In horticulture, the term perennial (''wikt:per-#Prefix, per-'' + ''wikt:-ennial#Suffix, -ennial'', "through the year") is used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annual plant, annuals and biennial plant, biennials. It has thus been d ...

s tall, but some are

annual plant An annual plant is a plant that completes its life cycle, from germination to the production of seeds, within one growing season, and then dies. Globally, 6% of all plant species and 15% of herbaceous plants (excluding trees and shrubs) are ...

s and a few are

shrubs A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple ...

up to tall. An exception is the ''chamis de monte'' (''

Lupinus jaimehintonianus ''Lupinus jaimehintonianus'', commonly known as chepil de la lluvia in Spanish, is a species of lupine that is native to southwest Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost ...

'') of

Oaxaca Oaxaca, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca, is one of the 32 states that compose the political divisions of Mexico, Federative Entities of the Mexico, United Mexican States. It is divided into municipalities of Oaxaca, 570 munici ...

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

, which is a

tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, e.g., including only woody plants with secondary growth, only ...

up to tall. Lupins have soft green to grey-green leaves which may be coated in silvery hairs, often densely so. The leaf blades are usually

palmate The following terms are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (that is, the leaf blade or 'lamina' is undivided) or compound (that is, the leaf blade is divided into two or more leaflets ...

ly divided into five to 28 leaflets, or reduced to a single leaflet in a few species of the

southeastern United States The Southeastern United States, also known as the American Southeast or simply the Southeast, is a geographical List of regions in the United States, region of the United States located in the eastern portion of the Southern United States and t ...

and eastern

. The flowers are produced in dense or open whorls on an erect spike, each flower long. The pea-like flowers have an upper standard, or banner, two lateral wings, and two lower

petal Petals are modified leaves that form an inner whorl surrounding the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often brightly coloured or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''corol ...

s fused into a keel. The flower shape has inspired common names such as bluebonnets and quaker bonnets. The fruit is a pod containing several seeds. The seeds contain

alkaloid Alkaloids are a broad class of natural product, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. Some synthetic compounds of similar structure may also be termed alkaloids. Alkaloids are produced by a large varie ...

s which lend them a bitter taste.

Extrafloral nectaries Nectar is a viscous, sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists, ...

have been found on a species in Arizona.

Taxonomy

The genus ''Lupinus'' L. and, in particular, its North American species were divided by

Sereno Watson Sereno Watson (December 1, 1826 – March 9, 1892) was an American botanist. Life Watson was born on December 1, 1826, in East Windsor Hill, Connecticut. Graduating from Yale in 1847 in biology, he drifted through various occupations unt ...

(1873) into three sections: ''Lupinus'', ''Platycarpos'', and ''Lupinnelus''. Differences in habitat and in the number of

ovule In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. It consists of three parts: the ''integument'', forming its outer layer, the ''nucellus'' (or remnant of the sporangium, megasporangium), ...

s were the basis for this classification. A majority of the perennial and annual species from the American continent described by Watson were referred to ''Lupinus''. Some annual species with two ovules in the ovary and two seeds in the pod (''L. densiflorus'', ''L. microcarpus'', etc.) were attributed to the ''Platycarpos'' section. Section ''Lupinnelus'' consisted of one species (''L. uncialis''), with axillary and solitary flowers, scarcely reflexed banner, and also with two ovules in the ovary. While Watson's work was predominantly based on study of North American species, the later research of Ascherson and Graebner (1907) extended his principle of classification to cover all lupins from the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, also using number of ovules (seedbuds) in the ovary (and thus of seeds in the pod) as the criterion for this division. They described two subgenera, ''Eulupinus'' and ''Platycarpos''. Most of the described species were referred to subgen. A. ''Eulupinus''. Subgen. B. ''Platycarpos'' included several annual species from the Eastern Hemisphere with two seedbuds and seeds in the bean (the same species, as the one specified by S. Watson). A current schema retains this distinction, but uses the nomenclature for the subgenera of ''Platycarpos'' and ''Lupinus''. In this schema, subgenus

Platycarpos The genus ''Lupinus'' L. and, in particular, its North-American species, were divided by Sereno Watson (1873) into three parts: ''Lupinus'', ''Platycarpos'' and ''Lupinnelus''. Differences in habit and in the number of ovules were accepted as th ...

(S.Wats.) Kurl. contains perennial and annual species from the Western Hemisphere, with a minimum two or more ovules or seedbuds. Subgenus ''Lupinus'' consists of 12 species from Africa and the Mediterranean, with a minimum of four ovules or seedbuds.Kurlovich, B. S. and A. K. Stankevich. (eds.
Classification of Lupins.
In: ''Lupins: Geography, Classification, Genetic Resources and Breeding''. St. Petersburg: Intan. 2002. pp. 42–43. Accessed 2 August 2013. The taxonomy of ''Lupinus'' has always been confusing. How many distinct species exist or how they might be organized within the genus is not clear. The plants are variable and the taxa are not always distinct from one another. Some American taxa have been described as complexes rather than separate species.Naganowska, B., et al. (2005)
2C DNA variation and relationships among New World species of the genus ''Lupinus'' (Fabaceae).
''Plant Systematics and Evolution'' 256(1-4), 147-57. Estimates of the number of lupine species generally fall between 200 and 500. One authority places the estimate at approximately 267 species worldwide. Currently, two

subgenera In biology, a subgenus ( subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between the ge ...

are recognized.

Subgenus ''Platycarpos''

The ovary contains two and more ovules or seedbuds. The seed are predominantly small-sized, with an underdeveloped embryo and small amount of endosperm. Cotyledons are small-sized, with long caulicles. The first pair of true leaves is alternate. The stem is predominantly naked with waxen coating. Dominating is the monopodial type of branching. Leaflets are smooth, with waxen coating or slight

pubescence Puberty is the process of physical changes through which a child's Human body, body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction. It is initiated by hormone, hormonal signals from the Human brain, brain to the gonads: the ovary ...

, predominantly narrow. Pods are flat or orbicular, with two or more seeds. Represented by frutcuilose, fruticose and herbaceous perennial forms, or less often annual ones. Plants are cross-pollinated.

Chromosome number Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes. Here ''sets of chromosomes'' refers to the number of maternal and paternal chromosome copies, ...

2''n'' is either 36, 48, or 96. This subgenus is distributed throughout North, Central and South America, predominantly in the mining systems of the Andes and Cordillera. Some species are cultivated (''L. mutabilis'', ''L. polyphyllus''). This subgenus includes several hundred species, requiring further analysis of their authenticity. It comprises the following species: * '' Lupinus aberrans'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus abramsii'' C.P. Sm. – Abrams' lupine * '' Lupinus acopalcus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus adinoanthus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus adsurgens'' Drew – Drew's silky lupine * '' Lupinus affinis'' J. Agardh – fleshy lupine * ''

Lupinus agardhianus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centre of diversity, centres of diversity in North America, North and South A ...

'' A. Heller * '' Lupinus alaristatus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus albert-smithianus ''Lupinus albert-smithianus'' is a species of lupine that is native to Peru. It is a non-climbing shrub that grows in the montane biome. It was first published in Spec. Lupinorum: 279 (1941) by Charles Piper Smith Charles Piper Smith (1877 – ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus albescens'' Hook. & Arn. – hoary lupine * '' Lupinus albicaulis'' Douglas – sickle-keel lupine * ''

Lupinus albifrons ''Lupinus albifrons'', silver lupine, white-leaf bush lupine, or evergreen lupine, is a species of lupine (lupin). It is native to California and Oregon, where it grows along the coast and in dry and open meadows, prairies and forest clearings. ...

'' Benth. – silver bush lupine ** var. ''albifrons'' Benth. ** var. ''douglasii'' (J. Agardh) C. P. Sm. ** var. ''hallii'' (Abrams) Isely * '' Lupinus albopilosus'' A. Heller * '' Lupinus albosericeus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus alcis-montis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus aliamandus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus aliattenuatus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus alibicolor'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus aliceae'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus alilatissimus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus alinanus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus alipatulus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus alirevolutus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus alivillosus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus allargyreius'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus alopecuroides'' Desr. * '' Lupinus alpestris'' A. Nelson * ''

Lupinus altimontanus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus altiplani'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus amabayensis'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus amandus ''Lupinus amandus'', commonly known as chocho, is a species of lupine native to Colombia. It grows in the mountains between the elevation ranges of 2700-3800 meters. References amandus Amandus ( 584 – 679), commonly called Saint Amand ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus amboensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus ammophilus'' Greene ** var. ''ammophilus'' Greene ** var. ''crassus'' (Payson) Isely * '' Lupinus amnis-otuni'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus ampaiensis'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus amphibius ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Suksd. * ''

Lupinus ananeanus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centre of diversity, centres of diversity in North America, North and South A ...

'' Ulbr. * '' Lupinus anatolicus'' W. Święcicki & W. K. Święcicki * ''

Lupinus andersonii ''Lupinus andersonii'' is a species of lupine known by the common name Anderson's lupine. Description It is native to California and adjacent sections of Oregon and Nevada, where it grows in dry mountain habitat of various types. This lupine i ...

'' S. Watson – Anderson's lupine * ''

Lupinus andicola ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Gillies * '' Lupinus andinus'' Rose ex J. F. Macbr. * '' Lupinus angustiflorus'' Eastw. – narrowflower lupine * '' Lupinus antensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus antiplani'' C. P. Sm. * '' Lupinus antoninus'' Eastw. – Anthony Peak lupine * '' Lupinus apertus'' A. Heller * '' Lupinus appositus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus arboreus ''Lupinus arboreus'', the yellow bush lupine (US) or tree lupin (UK), is a species of flowering plant in the legume family (biology), family Fabaceae. Description ''Lupinus arboreus'' is an evergreen shrub growing to tall (hence the alternative ...

'' Sims – yellow bush lupin, tree lupine * '' Lupinus arbustus'' Lindl. – longspur lupine ** subsp. ''arbustus'' Lindl. ** subsp. ''neolaxiflorus'' D.B.Dunn ** subsp. ''pseudoparviflorus'' (Rydb.) D.B.Dunn * '' Lupinus arbutosocius'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus archeranus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus arcticus'' S. Watson – Arctic lupine ** subsp. ''arcticus'' S. Watson ** subsp. ''subalpinus'' (Piper & Robinson)D.B.Dunn * '' Lupinus arenarius'' Gardner * ''

Lupinus arequipensis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus argenteus ''Lupinus argenteus'' is a species of lupine known by the common name silvery lupine. It is native to much of western North America from the southwestern Canadian provinces to northernmost Mexico and as far east as the Great Plains. It grows in s ...

'' Pursh – silvery lupine ** var. ''argentatus'' (Rydb.) Barneby ** var. ''argenteus'' Pursh ** var. ''argophyllus'' (A. Gray) S. Watson ** var. ''depressus'' (Rydb.) C. L. Hitchc. ** var. ''fulvomaculatus'' (Payson) Barneby ** var. ''heteranthus'' (S. Watson) Barneby – Kellogg's spurred lupine ** var. ''hillii'' (Greene) Barneby ** var. ''holosericeus'' (Torr. & A.Gray) Barneby ** var. ''montigenus'' (A. Heller) Barneby ** var. ''palmeri'' (S.Watson) Barneby ** var. ''rubricaulis'' (Greene) S. L. Welsh ** var. ''utahensis'' (S.Watson) Barneby * '' Lupinus argurocalyx'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus aridorum'' McFarlin ex Beckner – scrub lupine * ''

Lupinus aridulus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus aridus'' Lindl. * '' Lupinus ariste-josephii'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus arizelus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus arizonicus'' (S. Watson) S. Watson ** subsp. ''arizonicus'' (S. Watson) S. Watson – Arizona lupine ** subsp. ''sonorensis'' Christian & D. Dunn – Sonora lupine * '' Lupinus arvensi-plasketti'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus arvensis'' Benth. * '' Lupinus asa-grayanus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus aschenbornii ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' S. Schauer * ''

Lupinus asplundianus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centre of diversity, centres of diversity in North America, North and South A ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus asymbepus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus atropurpureus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus attenuatus'' Gardner * ''

Lupinus aureonitens ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centre of diversity, centres of diversity in North America, North and South A ...

'' Hook. & Arn. * '' Lupinus austrobicolor'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus austrohumifusus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus austrorientalis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus austrosericeus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus ballianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus bandelierae'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus bangii'' Rusby * ''

Lupinus barbatilabius ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus barkeri'' Lindl. * '' Lupinus bartlettianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus benthamii'' A. Heller * ''

Lupinus bi-inclinatus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus bicolor ''Lupinus bicolor'' is a species of lupine known as the miniature lupine, Lindley's annual lupine, pigmy-leaved lupine, or bicolor lupine. It is a showy flowering annual or perennial plant native to western North America, from northwestern Baj ...

'' Lindl. – miniature lupine, bicolor lupine, Lindley's annual lupine ** subsp. ''bicolor'' Lindl. ** subsp. ''microphyllus'' (S. Watson) D. B. Dunn ** subsp. ''pipersmithii'' (A. Heller) D. B. Dunn ** subsp. ''umbellatus'' (Greene) D. B. Dunn * ''

Lupinus bingenensis ''Lupinus bingenensis'', common name bingen lupine or Suksdorf's lupine, is a plant species native to the US states of Washington, Idaho, Montana and Oregon as well as from British Columbia. Lupinus grows well in mountainous regions. The name hon ...

'' Suksd. – Bingen lupine * '' Lupinus blaisdellii'' Eastw. * '' Lupinus bogotensis'' Benth. * ''

Lupinus bolivianus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus bombycinocarpus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus bonplandius ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus boyacensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus brachypremnon'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus bracteolaris'' Desr. * '' Lupinus brandegeei'' Eastw. * ''

Lupinus brevecuneus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus brevicaulis ''Lupinus brevicaulis'' is a species of lupine known by the common names shortstem lupine and sand lupine. It is native to the southwestern United States, including Oregon, California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico, where it gro ...

'' S. Watson – shortstem lupine * '' Lupinus brevior'' (Jeps.) Christian & D.B. Dunn * '' Lupinus breviscapus'' Ulbr. * ''

Lupinus breweri ''Lupinus breweri'' is a species of lupine known by the common names Brewer's lupine and matted lupine. It is native to much of California, except for the deserts, and to adjacent sections of Oregon and Nevada, where it is common in some areas, ...

'' A. Gray – Brewer's lupine * ''

Lupinus bryoides ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus buchtienii'' Rusby * ''

Lupinus burkartianus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus burkei'' S. Watson – Burke's lupine * '' Lupinus burkeri'' Lindl. * '' Lupinus caballoanus'' B.L. Turner * '' Lupinus cachupatensis'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus cacuminis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Standl. * ''

Lupinus caeruleus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centre of diversity, centres of diversity in North America, North and South A ...

'' A. Heller * '' Lupinus caesius'' Eastw. * '' Lupinus caespitosus'' Torr. & A. Gray – stemless dwarf lupine * '' Lupinus calcensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus caldasensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus camiloanus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus campestris'' Schltdl. & Cham. * '' Lupinus carazensis'' Ulbr. * '' Lupinus carchiensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus cardenasianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus carhuamayus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus carlos-ochoae'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus carpapaticus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus carrikeri'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus caucensis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus cavicaulis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus ccorilazensis'' Vargas ex C. P. Smith * '' Lupinus celsimontanus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus cervinus'' Kellogg – Santa Lucia lupine * '' Lupinus cesar-vargasii'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus cesaranus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus chachas'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus chamissonis'' Eschsch. – Chamisso bush lupine * '' Lupinus chavanillensis'' (J.F. Macbr.) C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus chipaquensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus chlorolepis'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus chocontensis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus chongos-bajous ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus christinae'' A. Heller * '' Lupinus chrysanthus'' Ulbr. * ''

Lupinus chrysocalyx ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus chumbivilcensis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus citrinus'' Kellogg – orange lupine * '' Lupinus clarkei'' Oerst. * '' Lupinus cochapatensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus colcabambensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus collinus'' (Greene) A. Heller * '' Lupinus colombiensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus compactiflorus'' Rose * '' Lupinus comptus'' Benth. * '' Lupinus concinnus'' J. Agardh ** subsp. ''concinnus'' J. Agardh ** subsp. ''orcuttii'' (S.Watson) D.B.Dunn * ''

Lupinus condensiflorus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus confertus'' Kellogg * '' Lupinus congdonii'' (C.P. Sm.) D.B. Dunn * '' Lupinus conicus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus constancei'' T.W. Nelson & J.P. Nelson – Lassics lupine * '' Lupinus convencionensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus cookianus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus coriaceus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Benth. * '' Lupinus costaricensis'' D.B. Dunn * '' Lupinus cotopaxiensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus couthouyanus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus covillei'' Greene – shaggy lupine * '' Lupinus crassulus'' Greene * '' Lupinus crassus'' Payson * '' Lupinus croceus'' Eastw. – saffron-flowered lupine * '' Lupinus crotalarioides'' Benth. * '' Lupinus crucis-viridis'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus cuatrecasasii ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus culbertsonii'' Greene ** subsp. ''culbertsonii'' Greene ** subsp. ''hypolasius'' (Greene) B.J.Cox * '' Lupinus cumulicola'' Small * '' Lupinus cusickii'' S. Watson ** subsp. ''abortivus'' (Greene) B.J.Cox ** subsp. ''brachypodus'' (Piper) B.J.Cox ** subsp. ''cusickii'' S. Watson * ''

Lupinus cuspidatus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Rusby * ''

Lupinus cuzcensis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centre of diversity, centres of diversity in North America, North and South A ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus cymboides'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus czermakii'' Briq. & Hochr. * '' Lupinus dalesiae'' Eastw. – Quincy lupine * '' Lupinus decemplex'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus decurrens'' Gardner * '' Lupinus deflexus'' Congdon * '' Lupinus delicatulus'' Sprague & Riley * '' Lupinus densiflorus'' Benth. – dense-flowered lupin ** subsp. ''densiflorus'' Benth. ** subsp. ''lacteus'' (Kellogg) R.M.Beauch. * ''

Lupinus depressus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centre of diversity, centres of diversity in North America, North and South A ...

'' Rydb. * '' Lupinus diasemus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus diehlii'' M.E. Jones * '' Lupinus diffusus'' Nutt. – spreading lupine, Oak Ridge lupine, sky-blue lupine * ''

Lupinus disjunctus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus diversalpicola'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus dorae'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus dotatus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus duranii'' Eastw. – Mono Lake lupine * ''

Lupinus dusenianus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus eanophyllus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus edysomatus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus egens'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus elaphoglossum'' Barneby * ''

Lupinus elatus ''Lupinus elatus'' is a species of lupine known by the common name tall silky lupine. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the Transverse Ranges above Los Angeles, and possibly also from the southernmost slopes of the Sierra Nev ...

'' I.M. Johnst. – tall silky lupine * '' Lupinus elegans'' Kunth – elegant lupine * '' Lupinus elegantulus'' Eastw. * '' Lupinus ellsworthianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus elmeri'' Greene – Elmer's lupine * ''

Lupinus eramosus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus erectifolius ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus eremonomus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus eriocalyx ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' (C.P. Sm.) C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus eriocladus'' Ulbr. * '' Lupinus evermannii'' Rydb. * '' Lupinus espinarensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus exaltatus'' Zucc. * '' Lupinus excubitus'' M.E. Jones – grape soda lupine ** subsp. ''austromontanus'' (A.Heller) R.M.Beauch. ** subsp. ''excubitus'' M.E. Jones * '' Lupinus exochus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus expetendus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus extrarius'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus falsomutabilis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus falsoprostratus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus falsorevolutus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus famelicus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus fiebrigianus'' Ulbr. * ''

Lupinus fieldii ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' J.F. Macbr. * '' Lupinus fissicalyx'' A. Heller * '' Lupinus flavoculatus'' A. Heller * '' Lupinus foliolosus'' Benth. * ''

Lupinus formosus ''Lupinus formosus'', the summer lupine or western lupine, is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is native to California and Oregon in the United States. ''Lupinus formosus'' has been cited as a poisonous plant. Alth ...

'' Greene – summer lupine ** var. ''bridgesii'' (S.Watson) Greene ** var. ''formosus'' Greene * ''

Lupinus fragrans ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centre of diversity, centres of diversity in North America, North and South A ...

'' A. Heller * '' Lupinus francis-whittieri'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus fratrum ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus fulcratus'' Greene * '' Lupinus gachetensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus garfieldensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus gaudichaudianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus gayanus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus gentryanus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus geophilus'' Rose * '' Lupinus gibertianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus giganteus'' Rose * '' Lupinus glabratus'' J. Agardh * '' Lupinus goodspeedii'' J.F. Macbr. * '' Lupinus gormanii'' Piper * ''

Lupinus gracilentus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Greene * '' Lupinus grayi'' S. Watson – Sierra lupine * '' Lupinus grauensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus grisebachianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus guadalupensis'' C.P. Sm. – Guadalupe Island lupine * '' Lupinus guaraniticus'' (Hassl.) C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus guascensis'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus guggenheimianus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Rusby * '' Lupinus hamaticalyx'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus hartmannii'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus hartwegii ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Lindl. * ''

Lupinus haughtianus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus hautcarazensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus havardii'' S. Watson * '' Lupinus hazenanus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus hendersonii'' Eastw. * '' Lupinus heptaphyllus'' (Vell.) Hassl. * '' Lupinus herreranus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus herzogii'' Ulbr. * ''

Lupinus hieronymii ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus hilarianus'' Benth. * '' Lupinus hillii'' Greene * ''

Lupinus hinkleyorum ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centre of diversity, centres of diversity in North America, North and South A ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus hintoniorum'' B.L. Turner * '' Lupinus hirsutissimus'' Benth. – stinging lupine * ''

Lupinus holmgrenianus ''Lupinus holmgrenianus'' is a species of lupine known by the common name Holmgren's lupine. It is native to the desert mountains of western Nevada and a few ranges of adjacent Inyo County, California, including the Last Chance Range of Death Va ...

'' C.P. Sm. – Holmgren's lupine * '' Lupinus honoratus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus horizontalis'' A. Heller * '' Lupinus hornemanni'' J. Agardh * '' Lupinus hortonianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus hortorum'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus howard-scottii'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus howardii'' M.E. Jones * '' Lupinus huachucanus'' M.E. Jones * '' Lupinus huancayoensis'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus huariacus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus huaronensis'' J.F. Macbr. * '' Lupinus huigrensis'' Rose ex C. P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus humifusus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Sessé & Moc. ex G. Don * '' Lupinus hyacinthinus'' C.F. Baker – San Jacinto lupine * '' Lupinus hybridus'' Lem. * '' Lupinus ignobilis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus imminutus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus indigoticus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Eastw. * '' Lupinus inflatus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus insignis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus insulae'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus interruptus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centre of diversity, centres of diversity in North America, North and South A ...

'' Benth. * '' Lupinus intortus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus inusitatus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus involutus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus inyoensis'' A. Heller * ''

Lupinus isabelianus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Eastw. * '' Lupinus jahnii'' Rose ex Pittier * ''

Lupinus jaimehintoniana ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' B.L. Turner * '' Lupinus james-westii'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus jean-julesii'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus jelskianus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus johannis-howellii ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus jonesii'' Rydb. * '' Lupinus jujuyensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus juninensis'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus kalenbornorum ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus kellermanianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus kerrii'' Eastw. * '' Lupinus killipianus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus kingii ''Lupinus kingii'' (King's lupine) is a species of Lupinus, family Fabaceae, which can be found in Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah. Both the leaves and the pods are hairy with the later being long. In Utah, it is found only at Bryce ...

'' S. Watson * '' Lupinus klamathensis'' Eastw. * ''

Lupinus kunthii ''Lupinus kunthii'' is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominance (ecology), dominated ...

'' J. Agardh * '' Lupinus kuschei'' Eastw. – Yukon lupine * '' Lupinus lacus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus laetus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Wooton & Standl. * '' Lupinus laevigatus'' Benth. * '' Lupinus lagunae-negrae'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus lanatocarpus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus lanatus'' Benth. * ''

Lupinus lapidicola ''Lupinus lapidicola'' is a rare species of lupine known by the common name Mt. Eddy lupine. It is endemic to California, where it is known from only a few locations in the northernmost mountain ranges, including Mount Eddy in the Klamath Mountai ...

'' A. Heller – Mt. Eddy lupine * ''

Lupinus latifolius ''Lupinus latifolius'' is a species of lupine known by the common name broadleaf lupine. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to Baja California to New Mexico, where it is common and can be found in several types of habita ...

'' J. Agardh ** subsp. ''dudleyi'' (C.P.Sm.) P.Kenney & D.B.Dunn ** subsp. ''latifolius'' J. Agardh *** var. ''latifolius'' J. Agardh – broadleaf lupine *** var. '' barbatus'' – Klamath lupine, bearded lupine ** subsp. ''leucanthus'' (Rydb.)P.Kenney & D.B.Dunn ** subsp. ''longipes'' (Greene) P.Kenney & D.B.Dunn ** subsp. ''parishii'' (C.P.Sm.) P.Kenney & D.B.Dunn ** subsp. ''viridifolius'' (A.Heller) P.Kenney & D.B.Dunn * '' Lupinus laudandrus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus lechlerianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus ledigianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus lelandsmithii'' Eastw. * '' Lupinus lemmonii'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus lepidus'' Lindl. – prairie lupine ** var. ''aridus'' (Douglas) Jeps. ** var. ''confertus'' (Kellogg) C. P. Sm. ** var. ''lepidus'' Lindl. ** var. ''lobbii'' (A. Gray ex S. Watson) C. L. Hitchc. ** var. ''sellulus'' (Kellogg) Barneby ** var. ''utahensis'' (S. Watson) C. L. Hitchc. * '' Lupinus leptocarpus'' Benth. * '' Lupinus leptophyllus'' Cham. & Schltdl. * '' Lupinus lespedezoides'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus leucophyllus ''Lupinus leucophyllus'' is a species of Lupinus, lupine known by the common name velvet lupine. It is native to western North America, where it grows in many types of mountain, prairie, and plateau habitat. It is a robust, branching, erect peren ...

'' Lindl. – woolly-leaf lupine * ''

Lupinus lilacinus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' A. Heller * '' Lupinus lindenianus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus lindleyanus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' J. Agardh * '' Lupinus linearis'' Desr. * '' Lupinus littoralis'' Lindl. – seashore lupine * '' Lupinus lobbianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus longifolius'' (S. Watson) Abrams – longleaf bush lupine * '' Lupinus lorenzensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus ludovicianus'' Greene – San Luis Obispo County Lupine * '' Lupinus luetzelburgianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus luteolus'' Kellogg – butter lupine, pale yellow lupine * '' Lupinus lutescens'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus lutosus'' A. Heller * '' Lupinus lyallii'' A. Gray ** subsp. ''alcis-temporis'' (C.P. Sm.) B.J.Cox ** subsp. ''lyallii'' A. Gray – Lyall's lupine ** subsp. ''minutifolius'' (Eastw.) B.J.Cox ** subsp. ''washoensis'' (A.Heller) B.J.Cox * '' Lupinus macbrideanus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus macranthus'' Rose * '' Lupinus maculatus'' Rydb. * '' Lupinus madrensis'' Seem. * ''

Lupinus magdalenensis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus magnificus ''Lupinus magnificus'', commonly known as Panamint Mountain lupine, is a species of flowering plant from the order of Lamiales. The plant is endemic to California, within Death Valley National Park in Death Valley and the Panamint Range. Refer ...

'' M.E. Jones * ''

Lupinus magniflorus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus magnistipulatus'' Planchuelo & D.B. Dunn * '' Lupinus malacophyllus'' Greene * ''

Lupinus malacotrichus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus maleopinatus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus mandonanus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus mantaroensis'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus marinensis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Eastw. * ''

Lupinus mariposanus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Eastw. * ''

Lupinus martensis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus martinetianus'' (C.P. Sm.) C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus mathewsianus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus matucanicus'' Ulbr. * '' Lupinus meionanthus'' A. Gray * '' Lupinus melaphyllus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus menziesii ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' J. Agardh * '' Lupinus meridanus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus metensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus mexicanus'' Lag. * '' Lupinus michelianus'' C. P. Sm. * '' Lupinus microcarpus'' Sims ** var. ''densiflorus'' ** var. ''microcarpus'' – wide-bannered lupin, chick lupin * '' Lupinus microphyllus'' Desr. * '' Lupinus minimus'' Hook. * ''

Lupinus mirabilis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus misticola ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Ulbr. * '' Lupinus mollendoensis'' Ulbr. * ''

Lupinus mollis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' A. Heller * '' Lupinus monensis'' Eastw. * '' Lupinus monserratensis'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus montanus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Kunth ** subsp. ''glabrior'' (S.Watson) D.B.Dunn & Harmon ** subsp. ''montanus'' Kunth ** subsp. ''montesii'' (C.P.Sm.) D.B.Dunn & Harmon * '' Lupinus monticola'' Rydb. * '' Lupinus montigenus'' A. Heller * ''

Lupinus moritzianus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Kunth * '' Lupinus mucronulatus'' Howell * '' Lupinus muelleri'' Standl. * '' Lupinus multiflorus'' Desr. * '' Lupinus munzianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus munzii'' Eastw. * ''

Lupinus mutabilis ''Lupinus mutabilis'' is a species of lupin grown in the Andes, mainly for its edible bean. Vernacular names include tarwi (in Quechua II, pronounced ''tarhui''), chocho, altramuz, Andean lupin, South American lupin, Peruvian field lupin, and pe ...

'' Sweet – Andean lupin, pearl lupin, South American lupin, ''tarwi'', ''tarhui'', ''chocho'' * '' Lupinus nanus'' Benth. – dwarf lupin, field lupin, sky lupin, Douglas' annual lupin * ''

Lupinus navicularius ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' A. Heller * '' Lupinus nehmadae'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus neocotus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus neomexicanus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Greene * '' Lupinus nepubescens'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus nevadensis ''Lupinus nevadensis'' is a species of lupine known by the common name Nevada lupine. It is native to the western Great Basin in Nevada and adjacent sections of Oregon and California, where it grows in sagebrush and other typical basin habitat. I ...

'' A. Heller – Nevada lupine * '' Lupinus niederleinianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus nipomensis'' Eastw. – Nipomo Mesa lupine * '' Lupinus niveus'' S. Watson * '' Lupinus nonoensis'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus nootkatensis ''Lupinus nootkatensis'', the Nootka lupine, is a perennial plant of the genus ''Lupinus'' in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is native to North America and was introduced to Europe in the late 18th century. It grows up to 60 cm tall, and ha ...

'' Sims – Nootka lupin * '' Lupinus notabilis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus nubigenus'' Kunth * '' Lupinus nubilorum'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus obscurus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus obtusilobus'' A. Heller – bluntlobe lupine * '' Lupinus ochoanus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus ochroleucus'' Eastw. * ''

Lupinus odoratus ''Lupinus odoratus'' is a species of lupine known by the common name Mojave lupine. It is native to the Mojave Desert and adjacent western Great Basin in the United States, where it grows in sandy or gravelly soils in open habitat. It is an annu ...

'' A. Heller – royal Mojave lupin * '' Lupinus onustus'' S. Watson – Plumas lupine * '' Lupinus opertospicus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus oquendoanus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus oreganus'' A. Heller – Oregon lupin * ''

Lupinus oreophilus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Phil. * '' Lupinus ornatus'' Lindl. * ''

Lupinus oscar-haughtii ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus ostiofluminis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus otto-buchtienii ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus otto-kuntzeanus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus otuzcoensis'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus ovalifolius ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Benth. * '' Lupinus pachanoanus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus pachitensis'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus pachylobus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Greene * ''

Lupinus padre-crowleyi ''Lupinus padre-crowleyi'' is a rare species of lupine known by the common names Father Crowley's lupine and DeDecker's lupine. It is endemic to California, where it is known only from the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada and the high plateau ...

'' C.P. Sm. – DeDecker's lupine, Father Crowley's lupine * ''

Lupinus pallidus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Brandegee * '' Lupinus paniculatus'' Desr. * '' Lupinus paraguariensis'' Chodat & Hassl. * '' Lupinus paranensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus paruroensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus parviflorus'' Hook. & Arn. – lodgepole lupin ** subsp. ''myrianthus'' (Greene) Harmon ** subsp. ''parviflorus'' Hook. & Arn. * '' Lupinus parvifolius'' Gardner * '' Lupinus pasachoensis'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus pasadenensis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Eastw. * '' Lupinus patulus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus paucartambensis'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus paucovillosus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus paynei'' Davidson * '' Lupinus pearceanus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus pendentiflorus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus peirsonii'' H. Mason – Peirson's lupine, long lupine * '' Lupinus penlandianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus perblandus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus perbonus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus perennis ''Lupinus perennis'' (also wild perennial lupine, wild lupine, sundial lupine, blue lupine, Indian beet, or old maid's bonnets) is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. Description The leaves are Leaf#Divisions of the blade, palmately comp ...

'' L. – wild perennial lupine, sundial lupine, Indian beet, old maid's bonnets ** subsp. ''gracilis'' (Nutt.) D.B.Dunn ** subsp. ''occidentalis'' S. Watson ** subsp. ''perennis'' L. * '' Lupinus perglaber'' Eastw. * '' Lupinus perissophytus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus persistens'' Rose * ''

Lupinus peruvianus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Ulbr. * '' Lupinus philippianus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus physodes ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Douglas * ''

Lupinus pickeringii ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' A. Gray * '' Lupinus pilosellus'' Eastw. * ''

Lupinus pilosissimus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' M. Martens & Galeotti * '' Lupinus pinguis'' Ulbr. * '' Lupinus pipersmithianus'' J.F. Macbr. * ''

Lupinus pisacensis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus piurensis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus platamodes'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus plattensis'' S. Watson * '' Lupinus platyptenus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus polycarpus'' Greene – smallflower lupin * ''

Lupinus polyphyllus ''Lupinus polyphyllus'', the large-leaved lupine, big-leaved lupine, many-leaved lupine, blue-pod lupine, or, primarily in cultivation, garden lupin, is a species of lupine (lupin) native to western North America from southern Alaska and British ...

'' Lindl. – largeleaf lupine, bigleaf lupine, garden lupin, many-leaved lupine ** var. ''burkei'' (S. Watson) C. L. Hitchc. ** var. ''humicola'' (A.Nelson) Barneby ** var. ''pallidipes'' (A. Heller) C. P. Sm. ** var. ''polyphyllus'' Lindl. ** var. ''prunophilus'' (M. E. Jones) L. Ll. Phillips * '' Lupinus poopoensis'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus popayanensis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus potosinus'' Rose * '' Lupinus praealtus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus praestabilis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus praetermissus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus pratensis'' A.Heller – Inyo Meadow lupine * '' Lupinus pringlei'' Rose * '' Lupinus proculaustrinus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus prostratus'' J. Agardh * '' Lupinus protrusus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus prouvensalanus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus prunophilus'' M.E. Jones – hairy bigleaf lupin * '' Lupinus pseudopolyphyllus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus pseudotsugoides'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus pubescens'' Benth. * '' Lupinus pucapucensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus pulloviridus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus pulvinaris'' Ulbr. * '' Lupinus punto-reyesensis'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus puracensis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus purdieanus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus pureriae'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus purosericeus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus pusillus'' Pursh – rusty lupine or dwarf lupine ** subsp. ''intermontanus'' (A.Heller) D.B.Dunn ** subsp. ''pusillus'' Pursh * '' Lupinus puyupatensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus pycnostachys'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus quellomayus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus quitensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus radiatus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus ramosissimus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centre of diversity, centres of diversity in North America, North and South A ...

'' Benth. * '' Lupinus reflexus'' Rose * '' Lupinus regalis'' Bergmans * '' Lupinus regnellianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus reineckianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus reitzii'' Burkart ex M. Pinheiro & Miotto * '' Lupinus retrorsus'' L.F. Hend. * '' Lupinus revolutus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus richardianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus rimae'' Eastw. * '' Lupinus rivularis'' Lindl. – riverbank lupin * '' Lupinus romasanus'' Ulbr. * '' Lupinus roseolus'' Rydb. * '' Lupinus roseorum'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus rotundiflorus'' M.E. Jones * ''

Lupinus rowleeanus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus ruber'' A. Heller * '' Lupinus rubriflorus'' Planchuelo * '' Lupinus ruizensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus rupestris'' Kunth * '' Lupinus rusbyanus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus russellianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus sabinianus'' Lindl. * '' Lupinus sabinii'' Hook. * ''

Lupinus sabulosus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' A. Heller * '' Lupinus salticola'' Eastw. * '' Lupinus sandiensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus santanderensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus sarmentosus'' Desr. * '' Lupinus saxatilis'' Ulbr. * '' Lupinus saxosus'' Howell – rock lupine * ''

Lupinus schwackeanus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centre of diversity, centres of diversity in North America, North and South A ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus seifrizianus'' (C.P. Sm.) C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus sellowianus'' Harms * ''

Lupinus sellulus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Kellogg ** var. ''lobbii'' (S.Watson) B.J.Cox ** var. ''sellulus'' Kellogg ** var. ''ursinus'' (Eastw.) B.J.Cox * '' Lupinus semiprostratus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus semperflorens ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Benth. * '' Lupinus sericatus'' Kellogg – Cobb Mountain lupine * '' Lupinus sericeus'' Pursh – Pursh's silky lupin ** var. ''barbiger'' (S.Watson) S.L.Welsh ** var. ''sericeus'' Pursh * ''

Lupinus setifolius ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Planchuelo & D.B. Dunn * '' Lupinus shastensis'' Lupinus albicaulis * '' Lupinus shockleyi'' S. Watson – purple desert lupine * '' Lupinus sierrae-blancae'' Wooton & Standl. ** subsp. ''aquilinus'' (Wooton & Standl.) L.S.Fleak & D.B.Dunn ** subsp. ''sierrae-blancae'' Wooton & Standl. * '' Lupinus simonsianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus simulans'' Rose * ''

Lupinus sinaloensis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus sitgreavesii'' S. Watson * '' Lupinus smithianus'' Kunth * '' Lupinus solanagrorum'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus sonomensis'' A. Heller * '' Lupinus soratensis'' Rusby * '' Lupinus soukupianus'' C. P. Smith ex J. F. Macbr. * '' Lupinus sparsiflorus'' Benth. – desert lupin, Coulter's lupin, Mojave lupin * '' Lupinus spectabilis'' Hoover – shaggyhair lupine * ''

Lupinus splendens ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Rose * '' Lupinus spragueanus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus staffordiae'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus stipulatus'' J. Agardh * '' Lupinus stiversii'' Kellogg – harlequin annual lupine * '' Lupinus storkianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus subacaulis'' Griseb. * '' Lupinus subcarnosus'' Hook. – buffalo clover * '' Lupinus subcuneatus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus subhamatus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus subinflatus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus sublanatus'' Eastw. * '' Lupinus submontanus'' Rose * '' Lupinus subsessilis'' Benth. * ''

Lupinus subtomentosus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus subvexus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus succulentus'' K. Koch – succulent lupin, arroyo lupin, hollowleaf annual lupin * ''

Lupinus sufferrugineus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Rusby * ''

Lupinus suksdorfii ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Robinson * '' Lupinus sulphureus'' Douglas ** subsp. ''kincaidii'' (Suksd.) L. Ll. Phillips – Kincaid's lupin ** subsp. ''subsaccatus'' (Suksd.) L. Ll. Phillips ** subsp. ''sulphureus'' Douglas – sulphur lupin, sulphur-flowered lupin * '' Lupinus surcoensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus syriggedes'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus tacitus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus tafiensis'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus talahuensis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus tamayoanus ''Lupinus tamayoanus'' is a plant of the genus ''Lupinus'' in the legume family. ''Lupinus tamayoanus'' was described in 1942 from samples collected in Mérida, Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a c ...

'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus tarapacensis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus tarijensis'' Ulbr. * '' Lupinus tarmaensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus tatei'' Rusby * ''

Lupinus taurimortuus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centre of diversity, centres of diversity in North America, North and South A ...

'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus tauris ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Benth. * '' Lupinus tayacajensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus tegeticulatus'' Eastw. * ''

Lupinus tetracercophorus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus texanus'' Hook. * ''

Lupinus texensis ''Lupinus texensis'', the Texas bluebonnet or Texas lupine is a species of lupine found in Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas and the Mexican states of Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas. With other related species of lupines also called bluebonne ...

'' Hook. – Texas bluebonnet * '' Lupinus thompsonianus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus tidestromii ''Lupinus tidestromii'' is a rare species of lupine known by the common names clover lupine and Tidestrom's lupine. It is endemic to the coastline of California just to the north and south of the Golden Gate in Sonoma, Marin, and Monterey Co ...

'' Greene – Tidestrøm's lupin ** var. ''layneae'' (Eastw.) Munz ** var. ''tidestromii'' Greene * '' Lupinus tolimensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus tomentosus'' DC. * '' Lupinus tominensis'' Wedd. * ''

Lupinus toratensis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. – ''warwanzo'', ''lito'' * '' Lupinus tracyi'' Eastw. – Tracy's lupine * '' Lupinus triananus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus truncatus'' Hook. & Arn. – collared annual lupine * '' Lupinus tucumanensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus ulbrichianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus uleanus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus ultramontanus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus umidicola'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus uncialis'' S. Watson * '' Lupinus uncinatus'' Schltdl. * '' Lupinus urcoensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus urubambensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus valerioi'' Standl. * '' Lupinus vallicola'' A. Heller – open lupin ** subsp. ''apricus'' (Greene) D.B.Dunn ** subsp. ''vallicola'' A. Heller * '' Lupinus vargasianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus varicaulis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus variicolor'' Steud. – varied lupin * ''

Lupinus velillensis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus velutinus'' Benth. * '' Lupinus venezuelensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus ventosus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus verbasciformis ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Sandwith * '' Lupinus verjonensis'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus vernicius ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Rose * '' Lupinus viduus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus vilcabambensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus villosus'' Willd. * '' Lupinus visoensis'' J.F. Macbr. * '' Lupinus volubilis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus weberbaueri'' Ulbr. * '' Lupinus werdermannianus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus westianus'' Small ** var. ''aridorum'' (McFarlin ex Beckner) Isely ** var. ''westianus'' Small * '' Lupinus whiltoniae'' Eastw. * '' Lupinus wilkesianus'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus williamlobbii ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * ''

Lupinus williamsianus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus xanthophyllus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus xenophytus'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus yanahuancensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus yarushensis'' C.P. Sm. * '' Lupinus ynesiae'' C.P. Sm.

Subgenus ''Lupinus''

In its current

circumscription Circumscription may refer to: * Circumscribed circle * Circumscription (logic) *Circumscription (taxonomy) * Circumscription theory, a theory about the origins of the political state in the history of human evolution proposed by the American anthr ...

, subgenus ''Lupinus'' includes 12 species from the Mediterranean region and Africa with at least four ovules or seedbuds in the ovary: * ''

Lupinus albus ''Lupinus albus'', commonly known as the white lupin, is a species of the genus ''Lupinus'' in the family Fabaceae native to the northeastern Mediterranean region. It is also a traditional pulse cultivated across the Mediterranean region and e ...

'' L. 1753 – white lupine ** subsp. ''albus'' L. ** subsp. ''graecus'' (Boiss. & Spruner) Franco & P.Silva ** subsp. ''termis'' (Forsk.) Ponert. * ''

Lupinus angustifolius ''Lupinus angustifolius'' is a species of lupin known by many common names, including narrowleaf lupin, narrow-leaved lupin and blue lupin. It is native to Eurasia and northern Africa and naturalized in parts of Australia and North America. It h ...

'' L. 1753 – blue lupin, narrow-leafed lupin ** var. ''angustifolius'' L. ** var. ''albopunctatus'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''griseomaculatus'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''chalybens'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''corylinus'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''purpureus'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''rubidus'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''atabekovae'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''sparsiusculus'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''brunneus '' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''albosyringeus'' Taran. ** var. ''albidus'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''candidus'' Kuptzov. et Kurl. * ''

Lupinus atlanticus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in No ...

'' Gladstones 1974 * '' Lupinus cosentinii'' Guss. 1828 – sandplain lupin * '' Lupinus digitatus'' Forsk. 1775 * ''

Lupinus hispanicus ''Lupinus hispanicus'', commonly known as the Spanish lupine, is a species of lupine native to Iberia The Iberian Peninsula ( ), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe. Mostly separated from the rest of the European lan ...

'' Boiss. & Reut. 1842 ** subsp. ''bicolor'' (Merino) Gladst. ** subsp. ''hispanicus'' Boiss. & Reut. * ''

Lupinus luteus ''Lupinus luteus'' is known as annual yellow-lupin, European yellow lupin or yellow lupin. It is native to the Mediterranean region of Southern Europe.The flower spikes are not continuous, but in regularly spaced clusters like verticilasters. ...

'' L. 1753 – yellow lupin ** var. ''luteus'' L. ** var. ''maculosus'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''kazimierskii'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''arcellus'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''sempolovskii'' (Atab) Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''melanospermus'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''niger'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''cremeus'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''leucospermus'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''sulphureus'' (Atab.) Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''stepanovae'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''ochroleucus'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''aurantiacus'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''croceus'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''aureus'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. ''albicans'' Kurl. et Stankev. ** var. '' sinskayae'' Kurl. et Stankev. * ''

Lupinus micranthus ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centre of diversity, centres of diversity in North America, North and South A ...

'' Guss. 1828 * '' Lupinus palaestinus'' Boiss. 1849 – white-grey lupine * '' Lupinus pilosus'' Murr. 1774 – blue lupine * '' Lupinus princei'' Harms 1901 * '' Lupinus somaliensis'' Baker f. 1895

Species names with uncertain taxonomic status

The status of the following binomials is unresolved: * ''Lupinus acaulis'' Larrañaga * ''Lupinus achilleaphilus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus acutilobus'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus aegr-Aovium'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus africanus'' Lour. * ''Lupinus agninus'' Gand. * ''Lupinus agropyrophilus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus alaimandus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus albicaulis'' Douglas ex Hook. * ''Lupinus alicanescens'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus aliclementinus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus aliumbellatus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus altissimus'' Sessé & Moc. * ''Lupinus alturasensis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus alveorum'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus amabilis'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus amniculi-cervi'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus amniculi-salicis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus amniculi-vulpum'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus andersonianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus anemophilus'' Greene * ''Lupinus angustifolius'' Blanco * ''Lupinus aphronorus'' Blank. * ''Lupinus apodotropis'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus aralloius'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus arborescens'' Amabekova & Maisuran * ''Lupinus arceuthinus'' Greene * ''Lupinus argyraeus'' DC. * ''Lupinus atacamicus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus aureus'' J.Agardh * ''Lupinus axillaris'' Blank. * ''Lupinus barkeriae'' Knowles & Westc. * ''Lupinus bartolomei'' M.E.Jones * ''Lupinus bassett-maguirei'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus beaneanus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus biddleii'' L.F.Hend. * ''Lupinus bimaculatus'' Hook. ex D.Don * ''Lupinus bimaculatus'' Desr. * ''Lupinus bivonii'' C.Presl * ''Lupinus blankinshipii'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus blaschkeanus'' Fisch. & C.A.Mey. * ''Lupinus brevior'' (Jeps.) J.A. Christian & D.B. Dunn * ''Lupinus brittonii'' Abrams * ''Lupinus caespitosus'' Nutt. * ''Lupinus californicus'' K.Koch * ''Lupinus campbelliae'' Eastw. * ''Lupinus campestris'' Cham. & Schltdl. * ''Lupinus campestris-florum'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus candicans'' Rydb. * ''Lupinus canus'' Hemsl. * ''Lupinus capitatus'' Greene * ''Lupinus capitis-amniculi'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus carolus-bucarii'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus chachas'' Ochoa ex C. P. Smith * ''Lupinus chamissonis'' Eschscholtz * ''Lupinus chiapensis'' Rose * ''Lupinus chihuahuensis'' S.Watson * ''Lupinus christianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus chrysomelas'' Casar. * ''Lupinus clementinus'' Greene * ''Lupinus comatus'' Rydb. * ''Lupinus consentinii'' Walp. * ''Lupinus cymb-Aegressus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus dasyphyllus'' Greene * ''Lupinus davisianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus debilis'' Eastw. * ''Lupinus decaschistus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus diaboli-septem'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus dichrous'' Greene * ''Lupinus dispersus'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus dissimulans'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus durangensis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus eatonanus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus equi-coeli'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus equi-collis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus erectus'' L.F.Hend. * ''Lupinus erminens'' S.Watson * ''Lupinus ermineus'' S.Watson * ''Lupinus falcifer'' Nutt. * ''Lupinus falsoerectus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus falsoformosus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus falsograyi'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus fieldii'' Rose ex J. F. Macbr. * ''Lupinus filicaulis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus finitus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus flavescens'' Rydb. * ''Lupinus foliosus'' Hook. * ''Lupinus foliosus'' Nutt. * ''Lupinus forskahlei'' Boiss. * ''Lupinus franciscanus'' Greene * ''Lupinus fraxinetorum'' Greene * ''Lupinus fruticosus'' Steud. * ''Lupinus fruticosus'' Dum.Cours. * ''Lupinus garcianus'' Bennett & Dunn * ''Lupinus geophilus'' Rose * ''Lupinus geraniophilus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus glabellus'' M.Martens & Galeotti * ''Lupinus graciliflorus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus gratus'' Greene * ''Lupinus gredensis'' Gand. * ''Lupinus guadalupensis'' Greene * ''Lupinus guadiloupensis'' Steud. * ''Lupinus guatimalensis'' auct. * ''Lupinus gussoneanus'' J.Agardh * ''Lupinus habrocomus'' Greene * ''Lupinus haudcytisoides'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus helleri'' Greene * ''Lupinus hexaedrus'' E. Fourn. * ''Lupinus hintonii'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus huigrensis'' Rose ex C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus humicolus'' A.Nelson * ''Lupinus humifusus'' Benth. * ''Lupinus humilis'' Rose ex Pittier * ''Lupinus hyacinthinus'' Greene * ''Lupinus idoneus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus inamoenus'' Greene ex C.F.Baker * ''Lupinus indutus'' Greene ex C.F.Baker * ''Lupinus insignis'' Glaz. ex C. P. Smith * ''Lupinus integrifolius'' L. * ''Lupinus intergrifolius'' Desr. * ''Lupinus ione-grisetae'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus ione-walkerae'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus jamesonianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus javanicus'' Burm.f. * ''Lupinus jorgensenanus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus jucundus'' Greene * ''Lupinus kellerrnanianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus kyleanus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus labiatus'' Nutt. * ''Lupinus lacticolor'' Tamayo * ''Lupinus lacus-huntingtonii'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus lacuum-trinitatum'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus larsonanus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus lassenensis'' Eastw. * ''Lupinus latissimus'' Greene * ''Lupinus laxifolius'' A.Gray * ''Lupinus leptostachyus'' Greene * ''Lupinus lesueurii'' Standl. * ''Lupinus linearifolius'' Larrañaga * ''Lupinus lingulae'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus longilabrum'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus lorentzianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus louise-bucariae'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus louise-grisetae'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus lucidus'' Benth. ex Loudon * ''Lupinus lyman-bensonii'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus lysichitophilus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus macrocarpus'' Hook. & Arn. * ''Lupinus macrocarpus'' Torr. * ''Lupinus macrophyllus'' Benth. * ''Lupinus macrorhizos'' Georgi * ''Lupinus magnistipulatus'' Planchuelo & Dunn * ''Lupinus maissurianii'' Atabek. & Polukhina * ''Lupinus marcusianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus mariae-josephae'' H.Pascual * ''Lupinus markleanus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus marschallianus'' Sweet * ''Lupinus mearnsii'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus meli-campestris'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus meridanus'' Moritz ex C. P. Smith * ''Lupinus mexiae'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus micensis'' M.E.Jones * ''Lupinus micheneri'' Greene * ''Lupinus milleri'' J.Agardh * ''Lupinus minearanus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus minutissimus'' Tamayo * ''Lupinus molle'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus mollissifolius'' Davidson * ''Lupinus monettianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus muellerianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus multicincinnis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus neglectus'' Rose * ''Lupinus nemoralis'' Greene * ''Lupinus niger'' Wehmer * ''Lupinus noldekae'' Eastw. * ''Lupinus nutcanus'' Spreng. * ''Lupinus nutkatensis'' J.G.Cooper * ''Lupinus obtunsus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus octablomus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus opsianthus'' Amabekova & Maisuran * ''Lupinus pavonum'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus pendeltonii'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus pendletonii'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus perconfertus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus perplexus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus philistaeus'' Boiss. * ''Lupinus pinus-contortae'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus piperi'' B.L.Rob. ex Piper * ''Lupinus piperitus'' Davidson * ''Lupinus platanophilus'' M.E.Jones * ''Lupinus plebeius'' Greene ex C.F.Baker * ''Lupinus prato-lacuum'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus prolifer'' Desr. * ''Lupinus propinquus'' Greene * ''Lupinus proteanus'' Eastw. * ''Lupinus psoraleoides'' Pollard * ''Lupinus pumviridis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus puroviridis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus purpurascens'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus pygmaeus'' Tamayo * ''Lupinus quercus-jugi'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus quercuum'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus rainierensis'' Eastw. * ''Lupinus regius'' Rudolph ex Torr. & A.Gray * ''Lupinus rhodanthus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus rickeri'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus rivetianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus rydbergii'' Blank. * ''Lupinus sabuli'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus salicisocius'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus salinensis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus sativus'' Gaterau * ''Lupinus scaposus'' Rydb. * ''Lupinus scheuberae'' Rydb. * ''Lupinus schickendantzii'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus schiedeanus'' Steud. * ''Lupinus schumannii'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus seclusus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus semiaequus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus semiverticillatus'' Desr. * ''Lupinus sergenti'' Tamayo ex Pittier * ''Lupinus sergentii'' Tamayo * ''Lupinus serradentum'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus shrevei'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus sierrae-zentae'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus sileri'' S.Watson * ''Lupinus sinus-meyersii'' C.P. Sm. * ''Lupinus sparhawkianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus spatulata'' Larrañaga * ''Lupinus speciosus'' Voss * ''Lupinus spruceanus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus standleyensis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus stationis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus stiveri'' Kellogg * ''Lupinus stoloniferus'' L. * ''Lupinus strigulosus'' Gand. * ''Lupinus subhirsutus'' Davidson * ''Lupinus subvolutus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus suksdorfii'' B.L. Rob. ex Piper * ''Lupinus summersianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus sylvaticus'' Hemsl. * ''Lupinus thermis'' Gasp. * ''Lupinus thermus'' St.-Lag. * ''Lupinus tilcaricus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus timotensis'' Tamayo * ''Lupinus tricolor'' Greene * ''Lupinus tricolor'' G.Nicholson * ''Lupinus trifidus'' Torr. ex S.Watson * ''Lupinus tristis'' Sweet * ''Lupinus trochophyllus'' Hoffmanns. * ''Lupinus tuckeranus'' C.P. Sm. * ''Lupinus vaginans'' Benth. * ''Lupinus valdepallidus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus vandykeae'' Eastw. * ''Lupinus variegatus'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus variegatus'' Poir. * ''Lupinus varneranus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus vavilovii'' Atabekova & Maissurjan * ''Lupinus venustus'' Bailly * ''Lupinus violaceus'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus viridicalyx'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus volcanicus'' Greene * ''Lupinus watsonii'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus westiana'' Small * ''Lupinus wolfianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus yanlyensis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus yaruahensis'' C.P.Sm.

Hybrids

The following hybrids have been described: * ''Lupinus'' ×''alpestris'' (A. Nelson) D.B. Dunn & J.M. Gillett * ''Lupinus'' ×''hispanicoluteus'' W.Święcicki & W.K.Święcicki * ''Lupinus'' ×''hybridus'' Lem. * ''Lupinus'' ×''insignis'' Lem. * ''Lupinus'' ×''regalis'' (auct.) Bergmans—rainbow lupin (''Lupinus arboreus'' × ''Lupinus polyphyllus'') * ''Lupinus'' ×''versicolor'' Caball.

Etymology

While some sources believe the origin of the name to be in doubt, the Collins Dictionary definition asserts that the word is 14th century in origin, from the Latin ''lupīnus'' "wolfish" from ''lupus'' "wolf" as it was believed that the plant ravenously exhausted the soil. But a more likely explanation is that ''lupinus'' meant that the plants were as dangerous to livestock as wolves, because the alkaloid poisons of lupines can sicken or kill grazing animals, especially sheep. Farmers have known since ancient Rome that lupines improve soil by adding nitrogen and loosening compacted earth with their strong root systems, so the Collins explanation is improbable.

Ecology

Canadian Tiger Swallowtail on Wild Lupine

Certain species, such as the yellow bush lupin (''L. arboreus''), are considered invasive

weed A weed is a plant considered undesirable in a particular situation, growing where it conflicts with human preferences, needs, or goals.Harlan, J. R., & deWet, J. M. (1965). Some thoughts about weeds. ''Economic botany'', ''19''(1), 16-24. Pla ...

s when they appear outside their native ranges. In

New Zealand New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of isla ...

, lupines are viewed as invasive and a severe threat in some cases. '' L. polyphyllus'' has escaped into the wild and grows in large numbers along main roads and streams on the

South Island The South Island ( , 'the waters of Pounamu, Greenstone') is the largest of the three major islands of New Zealand by surface area, the others being the smaller but more populous North Island and Stewart Island. It is bordered to the north by ...

. A similar spread of the species has occurred in

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...

Finland Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, ...

and

Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of the Kingdom of ...

after the non-native species was first deliberately planted in the

landscaping Landscaping refers to any activity that modifies the visible features of an area of land, including the following: # Living elements, such as flora or fauna; or what is commonly called gardening, the art and craft of growing plants with a goal ...

along the main roads. Lupins have been planted in some parts of Australia with a considerably cooler climate, particularly in rural

Victoria Victoria most commonly refers to: * Queen Victoria (1819–1901), Queen of the United Kingdom and Empress of India * Victoria (state), a state of Australia * Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, a provincial capital * Victoria, Seychelles, the capi ...

and

New South Wales New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a States and territories of Australia, state on the Eastern states of Australia, east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria (state), Victoria to the south, and South ...

. Lupins are important

larva A larva (; : larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into their next life stage. Animals with indirect development such as insects, some arachnids, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase ...

l food plants for many

lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) or lepidopterans is an order (biology), order of winged insects which includes butterflies and moths. About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera have been described, representing 10% of the total described species of living organ ...

ns (butterflies and moths). These include: * '' Iraricia icarioides missionensis'' (Mission blue butterfly), larvae limited to ''Lupinus'' * '' Callophrys irus'' (frosted elfin), recorded on ''L. perennis'' * '' Erynnis persius'' (Persius duskywing) *

† A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species or languages). It is one of the mo ...

Glaucopsyche xerces The Xerces blue (''Glaucopsyche xerces'') is a recently extinct species of butterfly in the gossamer-winged butterfly family, Lycaenidae. The species lived in coastal sand dunes of the Sunset District of the San Francisco Peninsula in Californ ...

'' (Xerces blue) * ''

Glaucopsyche lygdamus ''Glaucopsyche lygdamus'', the silvery blue, is a small butterfly native to North America. Description Its upperside is a light blue in males and a dull grayish blue in females. The underside is gray with a single row of round spots of diffe ...

'' (silvery blue) * '' Plebejus melissa samuelis'' (Karner blue) * '' Erynnis persius persius'' (eastern Persius duskywing) * ''

Schinia sueta ''Schinia suetus'' is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1873. It is widespread in the mountains of western North America, from southern Alberta west to British Columbia, south at least to Colorado and ...

'', larvae limited to ''Lupinus''

Cultivation

'', the garden lupin, and ''

'', the tree lupin, are popular

ornamental plant Ornamental plants or ''garden plants'' are plants that are primarily grown for their beauty but also for qualities such as scent or how they shape physical space. Many flowering plants and garden varieties tend to be specially bred cultivars th ...

s in gardens, and are the source of numerous hybrids and

cultivar A cultivar is a kind of Horticulture, cultivated plant that people have selected for desired phenotypic trait, traits and which retains those traits when Plant propagation, propagated. Methods used to propagate cultivars include division, root a ...

s in a wide range of colours, including bicolors. As

legume Legumes are plants in the pea family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), or the fruit or seeds of such plants. When used as a dry grain for human consumption, the seeds are also called pulses. Legumes are grown agriculturally, primarily for human consum ...

s, lupins are good

companion plant Companion planting in gardening and agriculture is the planting of different crops in proximity for any of a number of different reasons, including weed suppression, pest control, pollination, providing habitat for beneficial insects, maximi ...

s in gardens, increasing the soil nitrogen for vegetables and other plants. As well as growing in the ground, lupins can do well in pots on balconies or patios. File:Lupinus Polyphyllus Hybrid 4.png, Russell hybrid lupin ''

'', UK File:Mountaintop Lupin overlooking Raspberry Strait, Alaska 2009 114.jpg, ''Lupinus'' sp., Raspberry Island, Alaska,

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

File:Lupinus in Hokkaido 20080630.jpg, Lupins in

Hokkaido is the list of islands of Japan by area, second-largest island of Japan and comprises the largest and northernmost prefectures of Japan, prefecture, making up its own list of regions of Japan, region. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaidō fr ...

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

File:Lupin Leaf.jpg, Lupin cultivar "My Castle" File:Flores de lupino (Ushuaia).jpg, Ornamental lupins,

Ushuaia Ushuaia ( , ) is the capital city, capital of Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina, Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur Province, Argentina. With a population of 82,615 and a location below the 54th parallel south latitude, U ...

Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...

File:Lupins at lake tekapo.jpg, Lupins at

Lake Tekapo Lake Tekapo () is the second-largest of three roughly parallel lakes running north–south along the northern edge of the Mackenzie Basin in the South Island of New Zealand (the others are Lake Pukaki and Lake Ōhau). It covers an area of and ...

File:Lupins, Lake Tekapo, NZ.jpg, Lupins at Lake Tekapo, New Zealand File:Bluebonnet-8100.jpg, Texas Bluebonnet,

Texas Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the we ...

, United States File:Lupins in Pacific Northwest Washington.png, alt=Lupins_PacificNorthwest_Washington_USA, Lupins in

Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest (PNW; ) is a geographic region in Western North America bounded by its coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean to the west and, loosely, by the Rocky Mountains to the east. Though no official boundary exists, the most common ...

Washington Washington most commonly refers to: * George Washington (1732–1799), the first president of the United States * Washington (state), a state in the Pacific Northwest of the United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A ...

, United States

Agriculture

Like other legumes, lupines can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere into

ammonia Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the chemical formula, formula . A Binary compounds of hydrogen, stable binary hydride and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinctive pu ...

via a

rhizobium ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant ce ...

–

root nodule Root nodules are found on the roots of plants, primarily legumes, that form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, capable plants form a symbiotic relationship with a host-specific strain of bacteria known ...

symbiosis Symbiosis (Ancient Greek : living with, companionship < : together; and ''bíōsis'': living) is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction, between two organisms of different species. The two organisms, termed symbionts, can fo ...

, fertilizing the soil for other plants. This adaptation allows lupins to be tolerant of infertile soils and capable of pioneering change in barren and poor-quality soils. The genus ''Lupinus'' is nodulated by ''

Bradyrhizobium ''Bradyrhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-negative soil bacteria, many of which fix nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation is an important part of the nitrogen cycle. Plants cannot use atmospheric nitrogen (N2); they must use nitrogen co ...

'' soil bacteria. In the early 20th century, German scientists attempted to cultivate a sweet variety of lupin lacking the bitter taste, making it more suitable for both human and animal consumption. Many annual species of lupins are used in agriculture and most of them have Mediterranean origin. While originally cultivated as a

green manure In agriculture, a green manure is a crop specifically cultivated to be incorporated into the soil while still green. Typically, the green manure's Biomass (ecology), biomass is incorporated with a plow or disk, as is often done with (brown) man ...

forage Forage is a plant material (mainly plant leaves and stems) eaten by grazing livestock. Historically, the term ''forage'' has meant only plants eaten by the animals directly as pasture, crop residue, or immature cereal crops, but it is also used m ...

, lupins are increasingly grown for their seeds, which can be used as an alternative to

soybean The soybean, soy bean, or soya bean (''Glycine max'') is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean. Soy is a staple crop, the world's most grown legume, and an important animal feed. Soy is a key source o ...

s. Sweet (low

) lupins are highly regarded as a

stock feed Fodder (), also called provender (), is any agricultural foodstuff used specifically to feed domesticated livestock, such as cattle, rabbits, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs. "Fodder" refers particularly to food given to the animals (includin ...

, particularly for

ruminant Ruminants are herbivorous grazing or browsing artiodactyls belonging to the suborder Ruminantia that are able to acquire nutrients from plant-based food by fermenting it in a specialized stomach prior to digestion, principally through microb ...

s, but also for pigs and poultry and more recently as an ingredient in aqua-feeds. Three Mediterranean species of lupin, blue (narrow-leafed) lupin, white lupin, and yellow lupin, are widely cultivated for livestock and poultry feed. The market for lupin seeds for human food is currently small, but researchers believe it has great potential. Lupin seeds are considered "superior" to soybeans in certain applications and evidence is increasing for their potential health benefits. They contain similar

protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metab ...

to soybean, but less fat. As a food source, they are

gluten-free A gluten-free diet (GFD) is a nutritional plan that strictly excludes gluten, which is a mixture of prolamin proteins found in wheat (and all of its species and hybrids, such as spelt, kamut, and triticale), as well as barley, rye, and oats. ...

and high in

dietary fibre Dietary fiber (fibre in Commonwealth English) or roughage is the portion of plant-derived food that cannot be completely broken down by human digestive enzymes. Dietary fibers are diverse in chemical composition and can be grouped generally b ...

amino acid Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although over 500 amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the 22 α-amino acids incorporated into proteins. Only these 22 a ...

s, and

antioxidants Antioxidants are Chemical compound, compounds that inhibit Redox, oxidation, a chemical reaction that can produce Radical (chemistry), free radicals. Autoxidation leads to degradation of organic compounds, including living matter. Antioxidants ...

, and they are considered to be prebiotic. About 85% of the world's lupin seeds are grown in

Western Australia Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Aust ...

.Ross, K
Soy substitute edges its way into European meals.
''

New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...

'' 16 November 2011.

Toxicity

Some lupins contain certain secondary compounds, including

isoflavone Isoflavones are a type of naturally-occurring isoflavonoids, many of which act as phytoestrogens in mammals. Isoflavones occur in many plant species, but are especially high in soybeans. Although isoflavones and closely-related phytoestrogens ar ...

s and toxic alkaloids, such as

lupinine Lupinine is a quinolizidine alkaloid present in the genus ''Lupinus'' (colloquially referred to as lupins) of the flowering plant family Fabaceae. The scientific literature contains many reports on the isolation and synthesis of this compound as ...

anagyrine Anagyrine is a teratogenic alkaloid first isolated from (and named for) ''Anagyris foetida'' in the year 1885 by French biologists Hardy and Gallois. ''A. foetida'' (family Fabaceae), the Stinking Bean Trefoil, is a highly toxic shrub native to th ...

and

sparteine Sparteine is a class 1a antiarrhythmic agent and sodium channel blocker. It is an alkaloid and can be extracted from scotch broom. It is the predominant alkaloid in '' Lupinus mutabilis'', and is thought to chelate the bivalent metals calcium a ...

. With early detection, these can be removed through processing, although lupins containing these elements are not usually selected for food-grade products. A risk of lupin allergy exists in patients allergic to

peanut The peanut (''Arachis hypogaea''), also known as the groundnut, goober (US), goober pea, pindar (US) or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics by small and large ...

s. Most lupin reactions reported have been in people with

peanut allergy Peanut allergy is a type of food allergy to peanuts. It is different from tree nut allergy, tree nut allergies, because peanuts are legumes and not true Nut (fruit), nuts. Physical symptoms of allergic reaction can include pruritus, itchiness, h ...

. Because of the cross-allergenicity of peanut and lupin, the

European Commission The European Commission (EC) is the primary Executive (government), executive arm of the European Union (EU). It operates as a cabinet government, with a number of European Commissioner, members of the Commission (directorial system, informall ...

, as of 2006, has required that food labels indicate the presence of "lupin and products thereof" in food. Lupin plants can be colonized by the fungus '' Diaporthe toxica'' which can cause a mycotoxicosis known as lupinosis when ingested by grazing animals.

Uses

The

seeds of lupins, commonly called lupin beans, were popular with the Romans, who cultivated the plants throughout the

Roman Empire The Roman Empire ruled the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. The Roman people, Romans conquered most of this during the Roman Republic, Republic, and it was ruled by emperors following Octavian's assumption of ...

where the lupin is still known in extant

Romance languages The Romance languages, also known as the Latin or Neo-Latin languages, are the languages that are Language family, directly descended from Vulgar Latin. They are the only extant subgroup of the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-E ...

by names such as . Seeds of various species of lupins have been used as a food for over 3,000 years around the Mediterranean and for as long as 6,000 years in the

Andes The Andes ( ), Andes Mountains or Andean Mountain Range (; ) are the List of longest mountain chains on Earth, longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range ...

. Lupins were also used by many Native American peoples of North America such as the

Yavapai The Yavapai ( ) are a Native American tribe in Arizona. Their Yavapai language belongs to the Upland Yuman branch of the proposed Hokan language family. Today Yavapai people are enrolled in the following federally recognized tribes: * Fort ...

. The

Andean lupin ''Lupinus mutabilis'' is a species of lupin grown in the Andes, mainly for its edible bean. Vernacular names include tarwi (in Quechua II, pronounced ''tarhui''), chocho, altramuz, Andean lupin, South American lupin, Peruvian field lupin, and pe ...

or (''

'') was a widespread food in the Incan Empire; but they have never been accorded the same status as soybeans, dry peas and other pulse crops. The pearl lupin of the Andean highlands of South America, ''L. mutabilis'', known locally as or , was extensively cultivated, but no conscious genetic improvement other than to select for larger and water-permeable seeds seems to have been made. Users soaked the seed in running water to remove most of the bitter alkaloids and then cooked or toasted the seeds to make them edible, or else boiled and dried them to make , reported as a pre-Columbian practice in . Spanish domination led to a change in the eating habits of the indigenous peoples, and only recently (late 20th century onward) has interest in using lupins as a food been renewed. Lupins can be used to make a variety of foods both sweet and savoury, including everyday meals, traditional fermented foods, baked foods, and sauces. The European white lupin (''Lupinus albus, L. albus'') beans are commonly sold in a salty solution in jars (like olives and pickled cucumber, pickles) and can be eaten with or without the skin. ''Lupini'' dishes are most commonly found in Europe, especially in Portugal, Spain, Greece, and Italy. They are also common in Brazil and Egypt. In Egypt, the lupin is known in Arabic as , and is a popular street snack after being treated with several soakings of water, and then brined. In Portugal, Spain, and the Spanish Harlem district of New York City, New York, they are consumed with beer and wine. In Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Jordan, and Syria the salty and chilled lupini beans are called ''turmus'' (in , ) and are served as part of an apéritif and digestif, apéritif or a snack. Other species, such as ''L. albus'' (white lupin), ''Lupinus angustifolius, L. angustifolius'' (narrow-leafed lupin), and ''Lupinus hirsutus, L. hirsutus'' (blue lupin) also have edible seeds.

Culture

Lupinus-pilosus-2015-Zachi-Evenor-cropped01

Consumed throughout the Mediterranean region and the Andes, Andean mountains, lupins were eaten by the early Egyptian and pre-Incan people and were known to Roman agriculturalists for their ability to improve the Soil fertility, fertility of soils. In the late 18th century, lupins were introduced into northern Europe as a means of improving soil quality, and by the 1860s, the garden yellow lupin was seen across the sandy soils of the Baltic coastal plain. The successful development of lupin varieties with the necessary "sweet gene" paved the way for the greater adoption of lupins across Europe and later Australia. Further work carried out by the Western Australian Department of Agriculture and Food during the 1950s and '60s has led to more sweet lupin crops being produced in Western Australia now than anywhere else in the world. Bluebonnet (plant), Bluebonnets, including the lupinus texensis, Texas bluebonnet (''L. texensis''), are the list of U.S. state flowers, state flowers of

Notes

References

External links

* *

Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database. University of Melbourne.

* Hughes, C
''Lupinus''.

Lupins.org

Superhydrophobicity in Lupins - video and commentary.
{{Authority control Lupinus, Fabaceae genera Garden plants Forages Nitrogen-fixing crops Taxa named by Sereno Watson

Description

Taxonomy

Subgenus ''Platycarpos''

Subgenus ''Lupinus''

Species names with uncertain taxonomic status

Hybrids

Etymology

Ecology

Cultivation

Agriculture

Toxicity

Uses

Culture

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links