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''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a
Classification of Lupins.
In: ''Lupins: Geography, Classification, Genetic Resources and Breeding''. St. Petersburg: Intan. 2002. pp. 42–43. Accessed 2 August 2013. The taxonomy of ''Lupinus'' has always been confusing. How many distinct species exist or how they might be organized within the genus is not clear. The plants are variable and the taxa are not always distinct from one another. Some American taxa have been described as complexes rather than separate species.Naganowska, B., et al. (2005)
2C DNA variation and relationships among New World species of the genus ''Lupinus'' (Fabaceae).
''Plant Systematics and Evolution'' 256(1-4), 147-57. Estimates of the number of lupine species generally fall between 200 and 500. One authority places the estimate at approximately 267 species worldwide. Currently, two
Certain species, such as the yellow bush lupin (''L. arboreus''), are considered invasive species, invasive weeds when they appear outside their native ranges. In New Zealand, lupines are viewed as invasive and a severe threat in some cases. ''Lupinus polyphyllus, L. polyphyllus'' has escaped into the wild and grows in large numbers along main roads and streams on the South Island. A similar spread of the species has occurred in Finland and Norway after the non-native species was first deliberately planted in the landscaping along the main roads. Lupins have been planted in some parts of Australia with a considerably cooler climate, particularly in rural Victoria (Australia), Victoria and New South Wales.
Lupins are important larval food plants for many lepidopterans (butterflies and moths). These include:
* ''Mission blue butterfly, Aricia icarioides missionensis'' (Mission blue butterfly), larvae limited to ''Lupinus''
* ''Callophrys irus'' (frosted elfin), recorded on ''L. perennis''
* ''Erynnis persius'' (Persius duskywing)
* extinction, †''Xerces Blue, Glaucopsyche xerces'' (Xerces blue)
* ''Glaucopsyche lygdamus'' (silvery blue)
* ''Karner Blue, Plebejus melissa samuelis'' (Karner blue)
* ''Erynnis persius persius'' (eastern Persius duskywing)
* ''Schinia sueta'', larvae limited to ''Lupinus''
File:Lupinus Polyphyllus Hybrid 4.png, Russell hybrid lupin ''
Soy substitute edges its way into European meals.
''New York Times'' 16 November 2011. Three Mediterranean species of lupin, blue (narrow-leafed) lupin, white lupin, and Lupinus luteus, yellow lupin, are widely cultivated for livestock and poultry feed. Like other legumes, they can Nitrogen fixation, fix nitrogen from the atmosphere into ammonia via a rhizobia, rhizobium–root nodule symbiosis, fertilizing the soil for other plants. This adaptation allows lupins to be tolerant of infertile soils and capable of pioneering change in barren and poor-quality soils. The genus ''Lupinus'' is nodulated by ''Bradyrhizobium'' soil bacteria.
Lupins can be used to make a variety of foods both sweet and savoury, including everyday meals, traditional fermented foods, baked foods, and sauces. The European white lupin (''Lupinus albus, L. albus'') beans are commonly sold in a salty solution in jars (like olives and pickled cucumber, pickles) and can be eaten with or without the skin. ''Lupini'' dishes are most commonly found in Europe, especially in Portugal, Spain, Greece, and Italy. They are also common in Brazil and Egypt. In Egypt, the lupin is known in Arabic as , and is a popular street snack after being treated with several soakings of water, and then brined. In Portugal, Spain, and the Spanish Harlem district of New York City, New York, they are consumed with beer and wine. In Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Syria, and Palestinian territories, Palestine the salty and chilled lupini beans are called Turmus and are served as part of an apéritif and digestif, apéritif or a snack. Other species, such as ''L. albus'' (white lupin), ''Lupinus angustifolius, L. angustifolius'' (narrow-leafed lupin), and ''Lupinus hirsutus, L. hirsutus'' (blue lupin) also have edible seeds.
Consumed throughout the Mediterranean region and the Andes, Andean mountains, lupins were eaten by the early Egyptian and pre-Incan people and were known to Roman agriculturalists for their ability to improve the Soil fertility, fertility of soils.
In the late 18th century, lupins were introduced into northern Europe as a means of improving soil quality, and by the 1860s, the garden yellow lupin was seen across the sandy soils of the Baltic coastal plain.
The successful development of lupin varieties with the necessary "sweet gene" paved the way for the greater adoption of lupins across Europe and later Australia.
Further work carried out by the Western Australian Department of Agriculture and Food during the 1950s and '60s led to more sweet lupin crops produced in Western Australia now than anywhere else in the world.
Bluebonnet (plant), Bluebonnets, including the lupinus texensis, Texas bluebonnet (''L. texensis''), are the list of U.S. state flowers, state flowers of Texas.
Lupine.
Alternative Field Crops Manual. University of Minnesota, University of Wisconsin Extension. 1997. * Zhukovsky, P.M. 1929. A contribution to the knowledge of genus ''Lupinus'' Tourn. Bull. Apll. Bot. Gen. Pl.-Breed., Leningrad-Moscow, XXI, I:16-294. * Kurlovich, B.S. 1989. On the centers of species formation of the genus ''Lupinus'' L. (in Russian). Bull.N.I. Vavilov Inst. of plant Industry. Leningrad, 193:20-24. * Kurlovich, B.S., Rep’ev, S.I., Shchelko, L.G., Budanova, V.I., Petrova, M.V., Buravtseva, T.V., Stankevich, A.K., Kartuzova, L.T., Alexandrova, T.G., Teplyakova and T.E., Malysh, L.K. 1995. Theoretical basis of plant breeding. Vol.111. The gene bank and breeding of grain legumes (lupine, vetch, soya, and bean), St.Petersburg, VIR, 438p. * Kurlovich, B.S.(Ed.). 2002
Lupins
Geography, Classification, Genetic Resources and Breeding. "Intan", 468p.
Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database. University of Melbourne.
* Hughes, C
''Lupinus''.
Lupins.org
Superhydrophobicity in Lupins - video and commentary.
{{Authority control Lupinus, Fabaceae genera Garden plants Forages Nitrogen-fixing crops Taxa named by Sereno Watson
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...
of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...
, with centers of diversity
A center of origin is a geographical area where a group of organisms, either domesticated or wild, first developed its distinctive properties. They are also considered centers of diversity. Centers of origin were first identified in 1924 by Ni ...
in North and South America. Smaller centers occur in North Africa
North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in t ...
and the Mediterranean
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on th ...
. They are widely cultivated, both as a food source and as ornamental plants, but are invasive to some areas.
Description
The species are mostlyherbaceous
Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials.
Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous"
The fourth edition ...
perennial plant
A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also wide ...
s tall, but some are annual plants and a few are shrubs
A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...
up to tall. An exception is the ''chamis de monte'' ('' Lupinus jaimehintoniana'') of Oaxaca
)
, population_note =
, population_rank = 10th
, timezone1 = CST
, utc_offset1 = −6
, timezone1_DST = CDT
, utc_offset1_DST = −5
, postal_code_type = Postal ...
in Mexico
Mexico ( Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guate ...
, which is a tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...
up to tall.
Lupins have soft green to grey-green leaves which may be coated in silvery hairs, often densely so. The leaf blades are usually palmate
The following is a list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (a single leaf blade or lamina) or compound (with several leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular ...
ly divided into five to 28 leaflets, or reduced to a single leaflet in a few species of the southeastern United States
The Southeastern United States, also referred to as the American Southeast or simply the Southeast, is a geographical region of the United States. It is located broadly on the eastern portion of the southern United States and the southern po ...
and eastern South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the souther ...
.
The flowers are produced in dense or open whorls on an erect spike, each flower long. The pea-like flowers have an upper standard, or banner, two lateral wings, and two lower petal
Petals are modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''corolla''. Petals are usuall ...
s fused into a keel. The flower shape has inspired common names such as bluebonnets
Bluebonnet is a name given to any of a number of purple-flowered species of the genus '' Lupinus'' predominantly found in southwestern United States and is collectively the state flower of Texas. The shape of the petals on the flower resembles ...
and quaker bonnets.
The fruit is a pod
Pod or POD may refer to:
Biology
* Pod (fruit), a type of fruit of a flowering plant
* Husk or pod of a legume
* Pod of whales or other marine mammals
* "-pod", a suffix meaning "foot" used in taxonomy
Electronics and computing
* Proper ort ...
containing several seeds. The seeds contain alkaloid
Alkaloids are a class of basic
BASIC (Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages designed for ease of use. The original version was created by John G. Kemeny and Th ...
s which lend them a bitter taste.
Taxonomy
The genus ''Lupinus'' L. and, in particular, its North American species were divided bySereno Watson
Sereno Watson (December 1, 1826 in East Windsor Hill, Connecticut – March 9, 1892 in Cambridge, Massachusetts) was an American botanist.
Graduating from Yale in 1847 in Biology, he drifted through various occupations until, in California, he ...
(1873) into three sections: ''Lupinus'', ''Platycarpos'', and ''Lupinnelus''. Differences in habitat and in the number of ovule
In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. It consists of three parts: the '' integument'', forming its outer layer, the ''nucellus'' (or remnant of the megasporangium), and the f ...
s were the basis for this classification. A majority of the perennial and annual species from the American continent described by Watson were referred to ''Lupinus''. Some annual species with two ovules in the ovary and two seeds in the pod (''L. densiflorus'', ''L. microcarpus'', etc.) were attributed to the ''Platycarpos'' section. Section ''Lupinnelus'' consisted of one species (''L. uncialis''), with axillary and solitary flowers, scarcely reflexed banner, and also with two ovules in the ovary.
While Watson's work was predominantly based on study of North American species, the later research of Ascherson and Graebner (1907) extended his principle of classification to cover all lupins from the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, also using number of ovules (seedbuds) in the ovary (and thus of seeds in the pod) as the criterion for this division. They described two subgenera, ''Eulupinus'' and ''Platycarpos''. Most of the described species were referred to subgen. A. ''Eulupinus''. Subgen. B. ''Platycarpos'' included several annual species from the Eastern Hemisphere with two seedbuds and seeds in the bean (the same species, as the one specified by S. Watson).
A current schema retains this distinction, but uses the nomenclature for the subgenera of ''Platycarpos'' and ''Lupinus''. In this schema, subgenus Platycarpos
The genus ''Lupinus'' L. and, in particular, its North-American species, were divided by Sereno Watson (1873) into three parts: ''Lupinus'', ''Platycarpos'' and ''Lupinnelus''. Differences in habit and in the number of ovules were accepted as th ...
(S.Wats.) Kurl. contains perennial and annual species from the Western Hemisphere, with a minimum two or more ovules or seedbuds. Subgenus ''Lupinus'' consists of 12 species from Africa and the Mediterranean, with a minimum of four ovules or seedbuds.Kurlovich, B. S. and A. K. Stankevich. (eds.Classification of Lupins.
In: ''Lupins: Geography, Classification, Genetic Resources and Breeding''. St. Petersburg: Intan. 2002. pp. 42–43. Accessed 2 August 2013. The taxonomy of ''Lupinus'' has always been confusing. How many distinct species exist or how they might be organized within the genus is not clear. The plants are variable and the taxa are not always distinct from one another. Some American taxa have been described as complexes rather than separate species.Naganowska, B., et al. (2005)
2C DNA variation and relationships among New World species of the genus ''Lupinus'' (Fabaceae).
''Plant Systematics and Evolution'' 256(1-4), 147-57. Estimates of the number of lupine species generally fall between 200 and 500. One authority places the estimate at approximately 267 species worldwide. Currently, two
subgenera
In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus.
In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed betwee ...
are recognized.
Subgenus ''Platycarpos''
The ovary contains two and more ovules or seedbuds. The seed are predominantly small-sized, with an underdeveloped embryo and small amount of endosperm. Cotyledons are small-sized, with long caulicles. The first pair of true leaves is alternate. The stem is predominantly naked with waxen coating. Dominating is the monopodial type of branching. Leaflets are smooth, with waxen coating or slight pubescence, predominantly narrow. Pods are flat or orbicular, with two or more seeds. Represented by frutcuilose, fruticose and herbaceous perennial forms, or less often annual ones. Plants are cross-pollinated.Chromosome number
Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes. Sets of chromosomes refer to the number of maternal and paternal chromosome copies, respectiv ...
2''n'' is either 36, 48, or 96. This subgenus is distributed throughout North, Central and South America, predominantly in the mining systems of the Andes and Cordillera. Some species are cultivated (''L. mutabilis'', ''L. polyphyllus''). This subgenus includes several hundred species, requiring further analysis of their authenticity.
It comprises the following species:
* '' Lupinus aberrans'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus abramsii'' C.P. Sm. – Abrams' lupine
* '' Lupinus acopalcus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus adinoanthus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus adsurgens
''Lupinus adsurgens'' is a species of lupine known by the common name Drew's silky lupine. It is native to the Sierra Nevada and coastal mountain ranges of northern California and southern Oregon, where it grows in forest and other mountain habi ...
'' Drew – Drew's silky lupine
* '' Lupinus affinis'' J. Agardh – fleshy lupine
* ''Lupinus agardhianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' A. Heller
* ''Lupinus alaristatus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus albert-smithianus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus albescens
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Hook. & Arn. – hoary lupine
* '' Lupinus albicaulis'' Douglas – sickle-keel lupine
* '' Lupinus albifrons'' Benth. – silver bush lupine
** var. ''albifrons'' Benth.
** var. ''douglasii'' (J. Agardh) C. P. Sm.
** var. ''hallii'' (Abrams) Isely
* '' Lupinus albopilosus'' A. Heller
* '' Lupinus albosericeus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus alcis-montis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus aliamandus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus aliattenuatus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus alibicolor'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus aliceae'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus alilatissimus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus alinanus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus alipatulus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus alirevolutus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus alivillosus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus allargyreius'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus alopecuroides'' Desr.
* ''Lupinus alpestris
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' A. Nelson
* ''Lupinus altimontanus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus altiplani'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus amabayensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus amandus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus amboensis'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus ammophilus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Greene
** var. ''ammophilus'' Greene
** var. ''crassus'' (Payson) Isely
* ''Lupinus amnis-otuni
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus ampaiensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus amphibius'' Suksd.
* '' Lupinus ananeanus'' Ulbr.
* ''Lupinus anatolicus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' W. Święcicki & W. K. Święcicki
* '' Lupinus andersonii'' S. Watson – Anderson's lupine
* '' Lupinus andicola'' Gillies
* ''Lupinus andinus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Rose ex J. F. Macbr.
* ''Lupinus angustiflorus
''Lupinus angustiflorus'' is a species of lupine known by the common name narrowflower lupine. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the volcanic soils of the northeastern mountains and Modoc Plateau. It is an erect perennial herb some ...
'' Eastw. – narrowflower lupine
* '' Lupinus antensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus antiplani'' C. P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus antoninus
''Lupinus antoninus'' is a rare species of lupine known by the common name Anthony Peak lupine. It is endemic to northern California, where it is known from only four occurrences in the North Coast Ranges, including near Anthony Peak.
Descript ...
'' Eastw. – Anthony Peak lupine
* '' Lupinus apertus'' A. Heller
* ''Lupinus appositus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus arboreus
''Lupinus arboreus'', the yellow bush lupine (US) or tree lupin (UK), is a species of flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae.
Description
''Lupinus arboreus'' is an evergreen shrub growing to tall (hence the alternative common name, tree ...
'' Sims – yellow bush lupin, tree lupine
* '' Lupinus arbustus'' Lindl. – longspur lupine
** subsp. ''arbustus'' Lindl.
** subsp. ''neolaxiflorus'' D.B.Dunn
** subsp. ''pseudoparviflorus'' (Rydb.) D.B.Dunn
* '' Lupinus arbutosocius'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus archeranus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus arcticus'' S. Watson – Arctic lupine
** subsp. ''arcticus'' S. Watson
** subsp. ''subalpinus'' (Piper & Robinson)D.B.Dunn
* '' Lupinus arenarius'' Gardner
* '' Lupinus arequipensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus argenteus'' Pursh – silvery lupine
** var. ''argentatus'' (Rydb.) Barneby
** var. ''argenteus'' Pursh
** var. ''argophyllus'' (A. Gray) S. Watson
** var. ''depressus'' (Rydb.) C. L. Hitchc.
** var. ''fulvomaculatus'' (Payson) Barneby
** var. ''heteranthus'' (S. Watson) Barneby – Kellogg's spurred lupine
** var. ''hillii'' (Greene) Barneby
** var. ''holosericeus'' (Torr. & A.Gray) Barneby
** var. ''montigenus'' (A. Heller) Barneby
** var. ''palmeri'' (S.Watson) Barneby
** var. ''rubricaulis'' (Greene) S. L. Welsh
** var. ''utahensis'' (S.Watson) Barneby
* '' Lupinus argurocalyx'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus aridorum
''Lupinus aridorum'' is a rare species of lupine known by the common name scrub lupine. It is endemic to Florida in the United States, where there were 10 known populations remaining in 2003.USFWSScrub lupine Five-year Review.November 2007. Fewe ...
'' McFarlin ex Beckner – scrub lupine
* ''Lupinus aridulus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus aridus'' Lindl.
* ''Lupinus ariste-josephii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus arizelus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus arizonicus'' (S. Watson) S. Watson
** subsp. ''arizonicus'' (S. Watson) S. Watson – Arizona lupine
** subsp. ''sonorensis'' Christian & D. Dunn – Sonora lupine
* '' Lupinus arvensi-plasketti'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus arvensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Benth.
* '' Lupinus asa-grayanus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus aschenbornii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' S. Schauer
* ''Lupinus asplundianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus asymbepus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus atropurpureus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus attenuatus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Gardner
* ''Lupinus aureonitens
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Hook. & Arn.
* '' Lupinus austrobicolor'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus austrohumifusus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus austrorientalis'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus austrosericeus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with center of diversity, centers of diversity in North and South America. Sm ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus ballianus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus bandelierae
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus bangii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Rusby
* ''Lupinus barbatilabius
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus barkeri'' Lindl.
* '' Lupinus bartlettianus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus benthamii'' A. Heller
* '' Lupinus bi-inclinatus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus bicolor
''Lupinus bicolor'' is a species of lupine known as the miniature lupine, Lindley's annual lupine, pigmy-leaved lupine, or bicolor lupine.
It is a showy flowering annual or perennial plant native to western North America, from northwestern Baj ...
'' Lindl. – miniature lupine, bicolor lupine, Lindley's annual lupine
** subsp. ''bicolor'' Lindl.
** subsp. ''microphyllus'' (S. Watson) D. B. Dunn
** subsp. ''pipersmithii'' (A. Heller) D. B. Dunn
** subsp. ''umbellatus'' (Greene) D. B. Dunn
* ''Lupinus bingenensis
''Lupinus bingenensis,'' common name bingen lupine or Suksdorf's lupine, is a plant species native to the US states of Washington, Idaho, Montana and Oregon as well as from British Columbia. Lupinus grows well in mountainous regions. The name hon ...
'' Suksd. – Bingen lupine
* ''Lupinus blaisdellii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' Eastw.
* '' Lupinus bogotensis'' Benth.
* '' Lupinus bolivianus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus bombycinocarpus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus bonplandius'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus boyacensis'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus brachypremnon
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus bracteolaris'' Desr.
* ''Lupinus brandegeei
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Eastw.
* '' Lupinus brevecuneus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus brevicaulis'' S. Watson – shortstem lupine
* '' Lupinus brevior'' (Jeps.) Christian & D.B. Dunn
* ''Lupinus breviscapus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Ulbr.
* '' Lupinus breweri'' A. Gray – Brewer's lupine
* ''Lupinus bryoides
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus buchtienii'' Rusby
* '' Lupinus burkartianus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus burkei
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' S. Watson – Burke's lupine
* '' Lupinus burkeri'' Lindl.
* '' Lupinus caballoanus'' B.L. Turner
* '' Lupinus cachupatensis'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus cacuminis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Standl.
* '' Lupinus caeruleus'' A. Heller
* '' Lupinus caesius'' Eastw.
* '' Lupinus caespitosus'' Torr. & A. Gray – stemless dwarf lupine
* '' Lupinus calcensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus caldasensis'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus camiloanus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus campestris'' Schltdl. & Cham.
* '' Lupinus carazensis'' Ulbr.
* '' Lupinus carchiensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus cardenasianus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus carhuamayus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus carlos-ochoae
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus carpapaticus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus carrikeri'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus caucensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus cavicaulis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus ccorilazensis'' Vargas ex C. P. Smith
* ''Lupinus celsimontanus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus cervinus
''Lupinus cervinus'' is a species of lupine known by the common name Santa Lucia lupine. It is endemic to the Santa Lucia Mountains in the Central Coast Ranges in California, where it is an uncommon member of the flora in the mountain forests. ...
'' Kellogg – Santa Lucia lupine
* ''Lupinus cesar-vargasii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus cesaranus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus chachas'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus chamissonis'' Eschsch. – Chamisso bush lupine
* '' Lupinus chavanillensis'' (J.F. Macbr.) C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus chipaquensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus chlorolepis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus chocontensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus chongos-bajous'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus christinae
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' A. Heller
* ''Lupinus chrysanthus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with center of diversity, centers of diversity in North and South America. Sm ...
'' Ulbr.
* ''Lupinus chrysocalyx
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus chumbivilcensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus citrinus'' Kellogg – orange lupine
* ''Lupinus clarkei
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Oerst.
* '' Lupinus cochapatensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus colcabambensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus collinus'' (Greene) A. Heller
* '' Lupinus colombiensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus compactiflorus'' Rose
* ''Lupinus comptus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' Benth.
* '' Lupinus concinnus'' J. Agardh
** subsp. ''concinnus'' J. Agardh
** subsp. ''orcuttii'' (S.Watson) D.B.Dunn
* '' Lupinus condensiflorus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus confertus'' Kellogg
* '' Lupinus congdonii'' (C.P. Sm.) D.B. Dunn
* ''Lupinus conicus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus constancei
''Lupinus constancei'' is a species of lupine known by the common name The Lassics lupine, or lassicus lupine. It is endemic to California, where it is known from only two occurrences in the Lassic Range in the North Coast Ranges. It is a membe ...
'' T.W. Nelson & J.P. Nelson – Lassics lupine
* '' Lupinus convencionensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus cookianus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus coriaceus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Benth.
* ''Lupinus costaricensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' D.B. Dunn
* ''Lupinus cotopaxiensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus couthouyanus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus covillei
''Lupinus covillei'' is a species of lupine known by the common name shaggy lupine.
Description
''Lupinus covillei'' is an erect perennial herb growing up to tall. The shaggy-haired palmate leaves are made up of several leaflets each up to lo ...
'' Greene – shaggy lupine
* '' Lupinus crassulus'' Greene
* '' Lupinus crassus'' Payson
* '' Lupinus croceus'' Eastw. – saffron-flowered lupine
* ''Lupinus crotalarioides
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' Benth.
* '' Lupinus crucis-viridis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus cuatrecasasii'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus culbertsonii'' Greene
** subsp. ''culbertsonii'' Greene
** subsp. ''hypolasius'' (Greene) B.J.Cox
* ''Lupinus cumulicola
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Small
* ''Lupinus cusickii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' S. Watson
** subsp. ''abortivus'' (Greene) B.J.Cox
** subsp. ''brachypodus'' (Piper) B.J.Cox
** subsp. ''cusickii'' S. Watson
* ''Lupinus cuspidatus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Rusby
* '' Lupinus cuzcensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus cymboides'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus czermakii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Briq. & Hochr.
* '' Lupinus dalesiae'' Eastw. – Quincy lupine
* '' Lupinus decemplex'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus decurrens'' Gardner
* '' Lupinus deflexus'' Congdon
* '' Lupinus delicatulus'' Sprague & Riley
* '' Lupinus densiflorus'' Benth. – dense-flowered lupin
** subsp. ''densiflorus'' Benth.
** subsp. ''lacteus'' (Kellogg) R.M.Beauch.
* ''Lupinus depressus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Rydb.
* '' Lupinus diasemus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus diehlii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' M.E. Jones
* '' Lupinus diffusus'' Nutt. – spreading lupine, Oak Ridge lupine, sky-blue lupine
* ''Lupinus disjunctus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus diversalpicola'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus dorae
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus dotatus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus duranii'' Eastw. – Mono Lake lupine
* ''Lupinus dusenianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus eanophyllus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus edysomatus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus egens
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus elaphoglossum
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Barneby
* ''Lupinus elatus
''Lupinus elatus'' is a species of lupine known by the common name tall silky lupine. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the Transverse Ranges above Los Angeles, and possibly also from the southernmost slopes of the Sierra Nevada ...
'' I.M. Johnst. – tall silky lupine
* ''Lupinus elegans
''Lupinus elegans'' is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common names elegant lupine and Mexican lupine. It is native to Mexico and Guatemala.
This plant has a branching stem and grows up to 4 feet tall and 3 feet w ...
'' Kunth – elegant lupine
* '' Lupinus elegantulus'' Eastw.
* ''Lupinus ellsworthianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus elmeri'' Greene – Elmer's lupine
* '' Lupinus eramosus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus erectifolius'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus eremonomus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus eriocalyx'' (C.P. Sm.) C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus eriocladus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Ulbr.
* ''Lupinus evermannii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Rydb.
* ''Lupinus espinarensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus exaltatus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Zucc.
* '' Lupinus excubitus'' M.E. Jones – grape soda lupine
** subsp. ''austromontanus'' (A.Heller) R.M.Beauch.
** subsp. ''excubitus'' M.E. Jones
* '' Lupinus exochus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus expetendus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus extrarius'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus falsomutabilis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus falsoprostratus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus falsorevolutus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus famelicus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus fiebrigianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Ulbr.
* '' Lupinus fieldii'' J.F. Macbr.
* ''Lupinus fissicalyx
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' A. Heller
* ''Lupinus flavoculatus
''Lupinus flavoculatus'' is a species of lupine known by the common name yelloweyes, or yellow-eyed lupine.
Distribution and habitat
It is endemic to California and Nevada, in mountains and plateaus of the Mojave Desert, and in the Inyo Mountai ...
'' A. Heller
* '' Lupinus foliolosus'' Benth.
* '' Lupinus formosus'' Greene – summer lupine
** var. ''bridgesii'' (S.Watson) Greene
** var. ''formosus'' Greene
* '' Lupinus fragrans'' A. Heller
* ''Lupinus francis-whittieri
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus fratrum'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus fulcratus'' Greene
* ''Lupinus gachetensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus garfieldensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with center of diversity, centers of diversity in North and South America. Sm ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus gaudichaudianus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus gayanus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus gentryanus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus geophilus'' Rose
* '' Lupinus gibertianus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus giganteus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Rose
* '' Lupinus glabratus'' J. Agardh
* '' Lupinus goodspeedii'' J.F. Macbr.
* ''Lupinus gormanii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Piper
* '' Lupinus gracilentus'' Greene
* ''Lupinus grayi
''Lupinus grayi'' is a species of lupine known by the common name Sierra lupine. It is endemism, endemic to California, where its distribution extends the length of the Sierra Nevada (U.S.), Sierra Nevada and its foothills and includes the Tehach ...
'' S. Watson – Sierra lupine
* ''Lupinus grauensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus grisebachianus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus guadalupensis'' C.P. Sm. – Guadalupe Island lupine
* '' Lupinus guaraniticus'' (Hassl.) C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus guascensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus guggenheimianus'' Rusby
* ''Lupinus hamaticalyx
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus hartmannii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus hartwegii'' Lindl.
* ''Lupinus haughtianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus hautcarazensis'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus havardii
''Lupinus havardii'' is a species of lupine known by the common names Big Bend bluebonnet and Chisos bluebonnet. It is native to Texas and Chihuahua, where it blooms between January and June. Its habitat includes gravelly, fine talus, and the al ...
'' S. Watson
* '' Lupinus hazenanus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus hendersonii'' Eastw.
* '' Lupinus heptaphyllus'' (Vell.) Hassl.
* '' Lupinus herreranus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus herzogii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Ulbr.
* ''Lupinus hieronymii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus hilarianus'' Benth.
* ''Lupinus hillii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' Greene
* '' Lupinus hinkleyorum'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus hintoniorum
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' B.L. Turner
* '' Lupinus hirsutissimus'' Benth. – stinging lupine
* '' Lupinus holmgrenianus'' C.P. Sm. – Holmgren's lupine
* ''Lupinus honoratus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus horizontalis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' A. Heller
* ''Lupinus hornemanni
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' J. Agardh
* '' Lupinus hortonianus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus hortorum
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus howard-scottii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus howardii'' M.E. Jones
* ''Lupinus huachucanus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' M.E. Jones
* '' Lupinus huancayoensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus huariacus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus huaronensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' J.F. Macbr.
* ''Lupinus huigrensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Rose ex C. P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus humifusus'' Sessé & Moc. ex G. Don
* '' Lupinus hyacinthinus'' C.F. Baker – San Jacinto lupine
* '' Lupinus hybridus'' Lem.
* ''Lupinus ignobilis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus imminutus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus indigoticus'' Eastw.
* ''Lupinus inflatus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus insignis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus insulae'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus interruptus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Benth.
* ''Lupinus intortus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus inusitatus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus involutus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus inyoensis'' A. Heller
* '' Lupinus isabelianus'' Eastw.
* ''Lupinus jahnii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Rose ex Pittier
* '' Lupinus jaimehintoniana'' B.L. Turner
* '' Lupinus james-westii'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus jean-julesii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus jelskianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus johannis-howellii'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus jonesii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Rydb.
* '' Lupinus jujuyensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus juninensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus kalenbornorum'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus kellermanianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus kerrii'' Eastw.
* '' Lupinus killipianus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus kingii'' S. Watson
* ''Lupinus klamathensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' Eastw.
* ''Lupinus kunthii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' J. Agardh
* '' Lupinus kuschei'' Eastw. – Yukon lupine
* ''Lupinus lacus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus laetus'' Wooton & Standl.
* '' Lupinus laevigatus'' Benth.
* '' Lupinus lagunae-negrae'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus lanatocarpus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus lanatus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Benth.
* ''Lupinus lapidicola
''Lupinus lapidicola'' is a rare species of lupine known by the common name Mt. Eddy lupine. It is endemic to California, where it is known from only a few locations in the northernmost mountain ranges, including Mount Eddy in the Klamath Mountai ...
'' A. Heller – Mt. Eddy lupine
* ''Lupinus latifolius
''Lupinus latifolius'' is a species of lupine known by the common name broadleaf lupine. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to Baja California to New Mexico, where it is common and can be found in several types of hab ...
'' J. Agardh
** subsp. ''dudleyi'' (C.P.Sm.) P.Kenney & D.B.Dunn
** subsp. ''latifolius'' J. Agardh
*** var. ''latifolius'' J. Agardh – broadleaf lupine
*** var. '' barbatus'' – Klamath lupine, bearded lupine
** subsp. ''leucanthus'' (Rydb.)P.Kenney & D.B.Dunn
** subsp. ''longipes'' (Greene) P.Kenney & D.B.Dunn
** subsp. ''parishii'' (C.P.Sm.) P.Kenney & D.B.Dunn
** subsp. ''viridifolius'' (A.Heller) P.Kenney & D.B.Dunn
* ''Lupinus laudandrus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus lechlerianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with center of diversity, centers of diversity in North and South America. Sm ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus ledigianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus lelandsmithii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Eastw.
* '' Lupinus lemmonii'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus lepidus'' Lindl. – prairie lupine
** var. ''aridus'' (Douglas) Jeps.
** var. ''confertus'' (Kellogg) C. P. Sm.
** var. ''lepidus'' Lindl.
** var. ''lobbii'' (A. Gray ex S. Watson) C. L. Hitchc.
** var. ''sellulus'' (Kellogg) Barneby
** var. ''utahensis'' (S. Watson) C. L. Hitchc.
* '' Lupinus leptocarpus'' Benth.
* ''Lupinus leptophyllus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with center of diversity, centers of diversity in North and South America. Sm ...
'' Cham. & Schltdl.
* '' Lupinus lespedezoides'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus leucophyllus
''Lupinus leucophyllus'' is a species of lupine known by the common name velvet lupine. It is native to western North America, where it grows in many types of mountain, prairie, and plateau habitat. It is a robust, branching, erect perennial her ...
'' Lindl. – woolly-leaf lupine
* '' Lupinus lilacinus'' A. Heller
* '' Lupinus lindenianus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus lindleyanus'' J. Agardh
* '' Lupinus linearis'' Desr.
* ''Lupinus littoralis
''Lupinus littoralis'' is a species of lupine known by the common name seashore lupine. It is native to the coastline of western North America from British Columbia to northern California, where it grows in sandy habitat. It is a low perennial ...
'' Lindl. – seashore lupine
* ''Lupinus lobbianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus longifolius'' (S. Watson) Abrams – longleaf bush lupine
* ''Lupinus lorenzensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus ludovicianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Greene – San Luis Obispo County Lupine
* ''Lupinus luetzelburgianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with center of diversity, centers of diversity in North and South America. Sm ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus luteolus'' Kellogg – butter lupine, pale yellow lupine
* ''Lupinus lutescens
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus lutosus'' A. Heller
* '' Lupinus lyallii'' A. Gray
** subsp. ''alcis-temporis'' (C.P. Sm.) B.J.Cox
** subsp. ''lyallii'' A. Gray – Lyall's lupine
** subsp. ''minutifolius'' (Eastw.) B.J.Cox
** subsp. ''washoensis'' (A.Heller) B.J.Cox
* ''Lupinus macbrideanus
''Lupinus macbrideanus'' is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Peru
, image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg
, image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg
, other_symbol = Great Seal o ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus macranthus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Rose
* ''Lupinus maculatus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' Rydb.
* '' Lupinus madrensis'' Seem.
* ''Lupinus magdalenensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus magnificus'' M.E. Jones
* ''Lupinus magniflorus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus magnistipulatus'' Planchuelo & D.B. Dunn
* ''Lupinus malacophyllus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with center of diversity, centers of diversity in North and South America. Sm ...
'' Greene
* ''Lupinus malacotrichus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus maleopinatus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus mandonanus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus mantaroensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus marinensis'' Eastw.
* ''Lupinus mariposanus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Eastw.
* ''Lupinus martensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus martinetianus'' (C.P. Sm.) C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus mathewsianus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus matucanicus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Ulbr.
* ''Lupinus meionanthus
''Lupinus meionanthus'', commonly known as Lake Tahoe lupine, is a species of flowering plant from the order of Lamiales which can be found in Nevada and California where it can be found in Yosemite National Park
Yosemite National Park ( ...
'' A. Gray
* '' Lupinus melaphyllus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus menziesii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' J. Agardh
* ''Lupinus meridanus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus metensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus mexicanus'' Lag.
* ''Lupinus michelianus
''Lupinus michelianus'' is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland
A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (P ...
'' C. P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus microcarpus'' Sims
** var. ''densiflorus''
** var. ''microcarpus'' – wide-bannered lupin, chick lupin
* '' Lupinus microphyllus'' Desr.
* '' Lupinus minimus'' Hook.
* ''Lupinus mirabilis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus misticola'' Ulbr.
* ''Lupinus mollendoensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Ulbr.
* ''Lupinus mollis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' A. Heller
* '' Lupinus monensis'' Eastw.
* ''Lupinus monserratensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus montanus'' Kunth
** subsp. ''glabrior'' (S.Watson) D.B.Dunn & Harmon
** subsp. ''montanus'' Kunth
** subsp. ''montesii'' (C.P.Sm.) D.B.Dunn & Harmon
* '' Lupinus monticola'' Rydb.
* ''Lupinus montigenus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' A. Heller
* '' Lupinus moritzianus'' Kunth
* '' Lupinus mucronulatus'' Howell
* ''Lupinus muelleri
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Standl.
* '' Lupinus multiflorus'' Desr.
* ''Lupinus munzianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus munzii'' Eastw.
* ''Lupinus mutabilis
''Lupinus mutabilis'' is a species of lupin grown in the Andes, mainly for its edible bean. Vernacular names include tarwi (in Quechua II, pronounced ''tarhui''), chocho, altramuz, Andean lupin, South American lupin, Peruvian field lupin, and pe ...
'' Sweet – Andean lupin, pearl lupin, South American lupin, ''tarwi'', ''tarhui'', ''chocho''
* '' Lupinus nanus'' Benth. – dwarf lupin, field lupin, sky lupin, Douglas' annual lupin
* '' Lupinus navicularius'' A. Heller
* '' Lupinus nehmadae'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus neocotus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus neomexicanus'' Greene
* '' Lupinus nepubescens'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus nevadensis
''Lupinus nevadensis'' is a species of lupine known by the common name Nevada lupine. It is native to the western Great Basin in Nevada and adjacent sections of Oregon and California, where it grows in sagebrush and other typical basin habitat. I ...
'' A. Heller – Nevada lupine
* '' Lupinus niederleinianus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus nipomensis'' Eastw. – Nipomo Mesa lupine
* '' Lupinus niveus'' S. Watson
* ''Lupinus nonoensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus nootkatensis'' Sims – Nootka lupin
* ''Lupinus notabilis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus nubigenus
''Lupinus nubigenus'' is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland
A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poa ...
'' Kunth
* ''Lupinus nubilorum
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus obscurus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus obtusilobus
''Lupinus obtusilobus'' is a species of lupine known by the common name bluntlobe lupine. It is native to high mountains of northern California, including the North Coast Ranges, the Klamath Mountains, and the northernmost Sierra Nevada. It grow ...
'' A. Heller – bluntlobe lupine
* '' Lupinus ochoanus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus ochroleucus'' Eastw.
* '' Lupinus odoratus'' A. Heller – royal Mojave lupin
* '' Lupinus onustus'' S. Watson – Plumas lupine
* '' Lupinus opertospicus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus oquendoanus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus oreganus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' A. Heller – Oregon lupin
* ''Lupinus oreophilus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Phil.
* '' Lupinus ornatus'' Lindl.
* ''Lupinus oscar-haughtii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with center of diversity, centers of diversity in North and South America. Sm ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus ostiofluminis'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus otto-buchtienii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus otto-kuntzeanus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus otuzcoensis'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus ovalifolius
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Benth.
* '' Lupinus pachanoanus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus pachitensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus pachylobus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' Greene
* ''Lupinus padre-crowleyi
''Lupinus padre-crowleyi'' is a rare species of lupine known by the common names Father Crowley's lupine and DeDecker's lupine. It is endemic to California, where it is known only from the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada and the high plateau ...
'' C.P. Sm. – DeDecker's lupine, Father Crowley's lupine
* '' Lupinus pallidus'' Brandegee
* '' Lupinus paniculatus'' Desr.
* ''Lupinus paraguariensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with center of diversity, centers of diversity in North and South America. Sm ...
'' Chodat & Hassl.
* '' Lupinus paranensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus paruroensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus parviflorus'' Hook. & Arn. – lodgepole lupin
** subsp. ''myrianthus'' (Greene) Harmon
** subsp. ''parviflorus'' Hook. & Arn.
* ''Lupinus parvifolius
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Gardner
* '' Lupinus pasachoensis'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus pasadenensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Eastw.
* '' Lupinus patulus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus paucartambensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus paucovillosus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus paynei
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Davidson
* '' Lupinus pearceanus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus pendentiflorus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus peirsonii'' H. Mason – Peirson's lupine, long lupine
* '' Lupinus penlandianus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus perblandus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus perbonus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with center of diversity, centers of diversity in North and South America. Sm ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus perennis'' L. – wild perennial lupine, sundial lupine, Indian beet, old maid's bonnets
** subsp. ''gracilis'' (Nutt.) D.B.Dunn
** subsp. ''occidentalis'' S. Watson
** subsp. ''perennis'' L.
* ''Lupinus perglaber
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Eastw.
* ''Lupinus perissophytus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus persistens
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Rose
* ''Lupinus peruvianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Ulbr.
* '' Lupinus philippianus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus physodes
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Douglas
* '' Lupinus pickeringii'' A. Gray
* ''Lupinus pilosellus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Eastw.
* '' Lupinus pilosissimus'' M. Martens & Galeotti
* '' Lupinus pinguis'' Ulbr.
* '' Lupinus pipersmithianus'' J.F. Macbr.
* '' Lupinus pisacensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus piurensis'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus platamodes
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus plattensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' S. Watson
* '' Lupinus platyptenus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus polycarpus'' Greene – smallflower lupin
* ''Lupinus polyphyllus
''Lupinus polyphyllus'', the large-leaved lupine, big-leaved lupine, many-leaved lupine, blue-pod lupine, or, primarily in cultivation, garden lupin, is a species of lupine (lupin) native to western North America from southern Alaska and British ...
'' Lindl. – largeleaf lupine, bigleaf lupine, garden lupin, many-leaved lupine
** var. ''burkei'' (S. Watson) C. L. Hitchc.
** var. ''humicola'' (A.Nelson) Barneby
** var. ''pallidipes'' (A. Heller) C. P. Sm.
** var. ''polyphyllus'' Lindl.
** var. ''prunophilus'' (M. E. Jones) L. Ll. Phillips
* '' Lupinus poopoensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus popayanensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus potosinus'' Rose
* ''Lupinus praealtus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus praestabilis'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus praetermissus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus pratensis'' A.Heller – Inyo Meadow lupine
* '' Lupinus pringlei'' Rose
* '' Lupinus proculaustrinus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus prostratus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' J. Agardh
* '' Lupinus protrusus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus prouvensalanus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus prunophilus'' M.E. Jones – hairy bigleaf lupin
* '' Lupinus pseudopolyphyllus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus pseudotsugoides
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus pubescens
''Lupinus pubescens'' (local name: chocho del páramo) is a lupine flower which is native to the high Andes, but can also be found in China, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela
Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ...
'' Benth.
* ''Lupinus pucapucensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus pulloviridus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus pulvinaris
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Ulbr.
* ''Lupinus punto-reyesensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus puracensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus purdieanus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus pureriae
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus purosericeus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus pusillus'' Pursh – rusty lupine or dwarf lupine
** subsp. ''intermontanus'' (A.Heller) D.B.Dunn
** subsp. ''pusillus'' Pursh
* ''Lupinus puyupatensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus pycnostachys'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus quellomayus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus quitensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus radiatus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus ramosissimus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' Benth.
* '' Lupinus reflexus'' Rose
* '' Lupinus regalis'' Bergmans
* ''Lupinus regnellianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus reineckianus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus reitzii'' Burkart ex M. Pinheiro & Miotto
* '' Lupinus retrorsus'' L.F. Hend.
* '' Lupinus revolutus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus richardianus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus rimae
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Eastw.
* ''Lupinus rivularis
''Lupinus rivularis'' is a species of lupine known by the common name riverbank lupine native to North America. It is also commonly known as river lupine, streambank lupine, and stream lupine.Darris, D.; Young-Mathews, A. Plant Fact Sheet for Ri ...
'' Lindl. – riverbank lupin
* ''Lupinus romasanus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Ulbr.
* ''Lupinus roseolus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Rydb.
* '' Lupinus roseorum'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus rotundiflorus'' M.E. Jones
* ''Lupinus rowleeanus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus ruber'' A. Heller
* '' Lupinus rubriflorus'' Planchuelo
* '' Lupinus ruizensis'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus rupestris
''Lupinus rupestris'' is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland
A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poa ...
'' Kunth
* '' Lupinus rusbyanus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus russellianus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus sabinianus'' Lindl.
* ''Lupinus sabinii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Hook.
* ''Lupinus sabulosus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' A. Heller
* '' Lupinus salticola'' Eastw.
* ''Lupinus sandiensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus santanderensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus sarmentosus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Desr.
* '' Lupinus saxatilis'' Ulbr.
* ''Lupinus saxosus
''Lupinus saxosus'' is a species of lupine known by the common name rock lupine. It is native to the Pacific Northwest and Great Basin of the United States, where it grows in sagebrush and other habitat. This is a perennial herb growing erect 20 ...
'' Howell – rock lupine
* ''Lupinus schwackeanus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus seifrizianus'' (C.P. Sm.) C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus sellowianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Harms
* '' Lupinus sellulus'' Kellogg
** var. ''lobbii'' (S.Watson) B.J.Cox
** var. ''sellulus'' Kellogg
** var. ''ursinus'' (Eastw.) B.J.Cox
* ''Lupinus semiprostratus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus semperflorens'' Benth.
* '' Lupinus sericatus'' Kellogg – Cobb Mountain lupine
* '' Lupinus sericeus'' Pursh – Pursh's silky lupin
** var. ''barbiger'' (S.Watson) S.L.Welsh
** var. ''sericeus'' Pursh
* '' Lupinus setifolius'' Planchuelo & D.B. Dunn
* ''Lupinus shastensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Lupinus albicaulis
* '' Lupinus shockleyi'' S. Watson – purple desert lupine
* '' Lupinus sierrae-blancae'' Wooton & Standl.
** subsp. ''aquilinus'' (Wooton & Standl.) L.S.Fleak & D.B.Dunn
** subsp. ''sierrae-blancae'' Wooton & Standl.
* '' Lupinus simonsianus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus simulans'' Rose
* '' Lupinus sinaloensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus sitgreavesii'' S. Watson
* '' Lupinus smithianus'' Kunth
* ''Lupinus solanagrorum
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus sonomensis'' A. Heller
* ''Lupinus soratensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Rusby
* ''Lupinus soukupianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C. P. Smith ex J. F. Macbr.
* '' Lupinus sparsiflorus'' Benth. – desert lupin, Coulter's lupin, Mojave lupin
* ''Lupinus spectabilis
''Lupinus spectabilis'' is a species of lupine known by the common name shaggyhair lupine. It is endemic to a section of the central Sierra Nevada foothills in Mariposa and Tuolumne Counties, where it is a member of the serpentine soils flora.
...
'' Hoover – shaggyhair lupine
* '' Lupinus splendens'' Rose
* '' Lupinus spragueanus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus staffordiae
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with center of diversity, centers of diversity in North and South America. Sm ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus stipulatus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with center of diversity, centers of diversity in North and South America. Sm ...
'' J. Agardh
* ''Lupinus stiversii
''Lupinus stiversii'' is a species of lupine known by the common names harlequin annual lupine and harlequin lupine. The plant was named for Army physician Dr. Charles Austin Stivers, who first collected it in 1862 near Yosemite.
Distribution
' ...
'' Kellogg – harlequin annual lupine
* '' Lupinus storkianus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus subacaulis'' Griseb.
* '' Lupinus subcarnosus'' Hook. – buffalo clover
* ''Lupinus subcuneatus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus subhamatus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus subinflatus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus sublanatus'' Eastw.
* '' Lupinus submontanus'' Rose
* '' Lupinus subsessilis'' Benth.
* ''Lupinus subtomentosus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus subvexus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus succulentus
''Lupinus succulentus'' is a species of lupine known by the common names hollowleaf annual lupine, arroyo lupine, and succulent lupine.
It is native to California, where it is common throughout much of the state, and adjacent sections of Arizo ...
'' K. Koch – succulent lupin, arroyo lupin, hollowleaf annual lupin
* '' Lupinus sufferrugineus'' Rusby
* '' Lupinus suksdorfii'' Robinson
* '' Lupinus sulphureus'' Douglas
** subsp. ''kincaidii'' (Suksd.) L. Ll. Phillips – Kincaid's lupin
** subsp. ''subsaccatus'' (Suksd.) L. Ll. Phillips
** subsp. ''sulphureus'' Douglas – sulphur lupin, sulphur-flowered lupin
* ''Lupinus surcoensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus syriggedes
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus tacitus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus tafiensis'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus talahuensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus tamayoanus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus tarapacensis'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus tarijensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Ulbr.
* ''Lupinus tarmaensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus tatei
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Rusby
* '' Lupinus taurimortuus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus tauris'' Benth.
* '' Lupinus tayacajensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus tegeticulatus'' Eastw.
* '' Lupinus tetracercophorus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus texanus'' Hook.
* '' Lupinus texensis'' Hook. – Texas bluebonnet
* ''Lupinus thompsonianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus tidestromii
''Lupinus tidestromii'' is a rare species of lupine known by the common names clover lupine and Tideström's lupine. It is Endemism, endemic to the coastline of California just to the north and south of the Golden Gate in Sonoma County, Californi ...
'' Greene – Tidestrøm's lupin
** var. ''layneae'' (Eastw.) Munz
** var. ''tidestromii'' Greene
* ''Lupinus tolimensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus tomentosus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' DC.
* ''Lupinus tominensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Wedd.
* ''Lupinus toratensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm. – ''warwanzo'', ''lito''
* '' Lupinus tracyi'' Eastw. – Tracy's lupine
* '' Lupinus triananus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus truncatus'' Hook. & Arn. – collared annual lupine
* ''Lupinus tucumanensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus ulbrichianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus uleanus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus ultramontanus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus umidicola'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus uncialis'' S. Watson
* ''Lupinus uncinatus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Schltdl.
* '' Lupinus urcoensis'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus urubambensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus valerioi'' Standl.
* '' Lupinus vallicola'' A. Heller – open lupin
** subsp. ''apricus'' (Greene) D.B.Dunn
** subsp. ''vallicola'' A. Heller
* '' Lupinus vargasianus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus varicaulis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus variicolor'' Steud. – varied lupin
* '' Lupinus velillensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus velutinus'' Benth.
* ''Lupinus venezuelensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus ventosus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus verbasciformis'' Sandwith
* '' Lupinus verjonensis'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus vernicius
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Rose
* ''Lupinus viduus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus vilcabambensis'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus villosus'' Willd.
* ''Lupinus visoensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' J.F. Macbr.
* '' Lupinus volubilis'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus weberbaueri
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Ulbr.
* '' Lupinus werdermannianus'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus westianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' Small
** var. ''aridorum'' (McFarlin ex Beckner) Isely
** var. ''westianus'' Small
* '' Lupinus whiltoniae'' Eastw.
* ''Lupinus wilkesianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus williamlobbii
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus williamsianus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus xanthophyllus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus xenophytus'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus yanahuancensis'' C.P. Sm.
* ''Lupinus yarushensis
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
'' C.P. Sm.
* '' Lupinus ynesiae'' C.P. Sm.
Subgenus ''Lupinus''
In its currentcircumscription
Circumscription may refer to:
*Circumscribed circle
* Circumscription (logic)
*Circumscription (taxonomy)
*Circumscription theory
The circumscription theory is a theory of the role of warfare in state formation in political anthropology, created ...
, subgenus ''Lupinus'' includes 12 species from the Mediterranean region and Africa with at least four ovules or seedbuds in the ovary:
* ''Lupinus albus
''Lupinus albus'', commonly known as the white lupin or field lupine, is a member of the genus ''Lupinus'' in the family Fabaceae. It is a traditional pulse cultivated in the Mediterranean region.
Description
The white lupin is annual, more ...
'' L. 1753 – white lupine
** subsp. ''albus'' L.
** subsp. ''graecus'' (Boiss. & Spruner) Franco & P.Silva
** subsp. ''termis'' (Forsk.) Ponert.
* '' Lupinus angustifolius'' L. 1753 – blue lupin, narrow-leafed lupin
** var. ''angustifolius'' L.
** var. ''albopunctatus'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''griseomaculatus'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''chalybens'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''corylinus'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''purpureus'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''rubidus'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''atabekovae'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''sparsiusculus'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''brunneus '' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''albosyringeus'' Taran.
** var. ''albidus'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''candidus'' Kuptzov. et Kurl.
* '' Lupinus atlanticus'' Gladstones 1974
* '' Lupinus cosentinii'' Guss. 1828 – sandplain lupin
* '' Lupinus digitatus'' Forsk. 1775
* ''Lupinus hispanicus
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur i ...
'' Boiss. & Reut. 1842
** subsp. ''bicolor'' (Merino) Gladst.
** subsp. ''hispanicus'' Boiss. & Reut.
* ''Lupinus luteus'' L. 1753 – yellow lupin
** var. ''luteus'' L.
** var. ''maculosus'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''kazimierskii'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''arcellus'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''sempolovskii'' (Atab) Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''melanospermus'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''niger'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''cremeus'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''leucospermus'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''sulphureus'' (Atab.) Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''stepanovae'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''ochroleucus'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''aurantiacus'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''croceus'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''aureus'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. ''albicans'' Kurl. et Stankev.
** var. '' sinskayae'' Kurl. et Stankev.
* ''Lupinus micranthus'' Guss. 1828
* ''Lupinus palaestinus'' Boiss. 1849 – white-grey lupine
* ''Lupinus pilosus'' Murr. 1774 – blue lupine
* ''Lupinus princei'' Harms 1901
* ''Lupinus somaliensis'' Baker f. 1895
Species names with uncertain taxonomic status
The status of the following binomials is unresolved: * ''Lupinus acaulis'' Larrañaga * ''Lupinus achilleaphilus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus acutilobus'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus aegr-Aovium'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus africanus'' Lour. * ''Lupinus agninus'' Gand. * ''Lupinus agropyrophilus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus alaimandus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus albicaulis'' Douglas ex Hook. * ''Lupinus alicanescens'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus aliclementinus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus aliumbellatus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus altissimus'' Sessé & Moc. * ''Lupinus alturasensis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus alveorum'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus amabilis'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus amniculi-cervi'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus amniculi-salicis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus amniculi-vulpum'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus andersonianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus anemophilus'' Greene * ''Lupinus angustifolius'' Blanco * ''Lupinus aphronorus'' Blank. * ''Lupinus apodotropis'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus aralloius'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus arborescens'' Amabekova & Maisuran * ''Lupinus arceuthinus'' Greene * ''Lupinus argyraeus'' DC. * ''Lupinus atacamicus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus aureus'' J.Agardh * ''Lupinus axillaris'' Blank. * ''Lupinus barkeriae'' Knowles & Westc. * ''Lupinus bartolomei'' M.E.Jones * ''Lupinus bassett-maguirei'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus beaneanus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus biddleii'' L.F.Hend. * ''Lupinus bimaculatus'' Hook. ex D.Don * ''Lupinus bimaculatus'' Desr. * ''Lupinus bivonii'' C.Presl * ''Lupinus blankinshipii'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus blaschkeanus'' Fisch. & C.A.Mey. * ''Lupinus brevior'' (Jeps.) J.A. Christian & D.B. Dunn * ''Lupinus brittonii'' Abrams * ''Lupinus caespitosus'' Nutt. * ''Lupinus californicus'' K.Koch * ''Lupinus campbelliae'' Eastw. * ''Lupinus campestris'' Cham. & Schltdl. * ''Lupinus campestris-florum'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus candicans'' Rydb. * ''Lupinus canus'' Hemsl. * ''Lupinus capitatus'' Greene * ''Lupinus capitis-amniculi'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus carolus-bucarii'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus chachas'' Ochoa ex C. P. Smith * ''Lupinus chamissonis'' Eschscholtz * ''Lupinus chiapensis'' Rose * ''Lupinus chihuahuensis'' S.Watson * ''Lupinus christianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus chrysomelas'' Casar. * ''Lupinus clementinus'' Greene * ''Lupinus comatus'' Rydb. * ''Lupinus consentinii'' Walp. * ''Lupinus cymb-Aegressus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus dasyphyllus'' Greene * ''Lupinus davisianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus debilis'' Eastw. * ''Lupinus decaschistus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus diaboli-septem'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus dichrous'' Greene * ''Lupinus dispersus'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus dissimulans'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus durangensis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus eatonanus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus equi-coeli'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus equi-collis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus erectus'' L.F.Hend. * ''Lupinus erminens'' S.Watson * ''Lupinus ermineus'' S.Watson * ''Lupinus falcifer'' Nutt. * ''Lupinus falsoerectus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus falsoformosus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus falsograyi'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus fieldii'' Rose ex J. F. Macbr. * ''Lupinus filicaulis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus finitus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus flavescens'' Rydb. * ''Lupinus foliosus'' Hook. * ''Lupinus foliosus'' Nutt. * ''Lupinus forskahlei'' Boiss. * ''Lupinus franciscanus'' Greene * ''Lupinus fraxinetorum'' Greene * ''Lupinus fruticosus'' Steud. * ''Lupinus fruticosus'' Dum.Cours. * ''Lupinus garcianus'' Bennett & Dunn * ''Lupinus geophilus'' Rose * ''Lupinus geraniophilus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus glabellus'' M.Martens & Galeotti * ''Lupinus graciliflorus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus gratus'' Greene * ''Lupinus gredensis'' Gand. * ''Lupinus guadalupensis'' Greene * ''Lupinus guadiloupensis'' Steud. * ''Lupinus guatimalensis'' auct. * ''Lupinus gussoneanus'' J.Agardh * ''Lupinus habrocomus'' Greene * ''Lupinus haudcytisoides'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus helleri'' Greene * ''Lupinus hexaedrus'' E. Fourn. * ''Lupinus hintonii'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus huigrensis'' Rose ex C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus humicolus'' A.Nelson * ''Lupinus humifusus'' Benth. * ''Lupinus humilis'' Rose ex Pittier * ''Lupinus hyacinthinus'' Greene * ''Lupinus idoneus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus inamoenus'' Greene ex C.F.Baker * ''Lupinus indutus'' Greene ex C.F.Baker * ''Lupinus insignis'' Glaz. ex C. P. Smith * ''Lupinus integrifolius'' L. * ''Lupinus intergrifolius'' Desr. * ''Lupinus ione-grisetae'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus ione-walkerae'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus jamesonianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus javanicus'' Burm.f. * ''Lupinus jorgensenanus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus jucundus'' Greene * ''Lupinus kellerrnanianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus kyleanus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus labiatus'' Nutt. * ''Lupinus lacticolor'' Tamayo * ''Lupinus lacus-huntingtonii'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus lacuum-trinitatum'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus larsonanus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus lassenensis'' Eastw. * ''Lupinus latissimus'' Greene * ''Lupinus laxifolius'' A.Gray * ''Lupinus leptostachyus'' Greene * ''Lupinus lesueurii'' Standl. * ''Lupinus linearifolius'' Larrañaga * ''Lupinus lingulae'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus longilabrum'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus lorentzianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus louise-bucariae'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus louise-grisetae'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus lucidus'' Benth. ex Loudon * ''Lupinus lyman-bensonii'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus lysichitophilus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus macrocarpus'' Hook. & Arn. * ''Lupinus macrocarpus'' Torr. * ''Lupinus macrophyllus'' Benth. * ''Lupinus macrorhizos'' Georgi * ''Lupinus magnistipulatus'' Planchuelo & Dunn * ''Lupinus maissurianii'' Atabek. & Polukhina * ''Lupinus marcusianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus mariae-josephae'' H.Pascual * ''Lupinus markleanus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus marschallianus'' Sweet * ''Lupinus mearnsii'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus meli-campestris'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus meridanus'' Moritz ex C. P. Smith * ''Lupinus mexiae'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus micensis'' M.E.Jones * ''Lupinus micheneri'' Greene * ''Lupinus milleri'' J.Agardh * ''Lupinus minearanus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus minutissimus'' Tamayo * ''Lupinus molle'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus mollissifolius'' Davidson * ''Lupinus monettianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus muellerianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus multicincinnis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus neglectus'' Rose * ''Lupinus nemoralis'' Greene * ''Lupinus niger'' Wehmer * ''Lupinus noldekae'' Eastw. * ''Lupinus nutcanus'' Spreng. * ''Lupinus nutkatensis'' J.G.Cooper * ''Lupinus obtunsus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus octablomus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus opsianthus'' Amabekova & Maisuran * ''Lupinus pavonum'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus pendeltonii'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus pendletonii'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus perconfertus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus perplexus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus philistaeus'' Boiss. * ''Lupinus pinus-contortae'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus piperi'' B.L.Rob. ex Piper * ''Lupinus piperitus'' Davidson * ''Lupinus platanophilus'' M.E.Jones * ''Lupinus plebeius'' Greene ex C.F.Baker * ''Lupinus prato-lacuum'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus prolifer'' Desr. * ''Lupinus propinquus'' Greene * ''Lupinus proteanus'' Eastw. * ''Lupinus psoraleoides'' Pollard * ''Lupinus pumviridis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus puroviridis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus purpurascens'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus pygmaeus'' Tamayo * ''Lupinus quercus-jugi'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus quercuum'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus rainierensis'' Eastw. * ''Lupinus regius'' Rudolph ex Torr. & A.Gray * ''Lupinus rhodanthus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus rickeri'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus rivetianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus rydbergii'' Blank. * ''Lupinus sabuli'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus salicisocius'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus salinensis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus sativus'' Gaterau * ''Lupinus scaposus'' Rydb. * ''Lupinus scheuberae'' Rydb. * ''Lupinus schickendantzii'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus schiedeanus'' Steud. * ''Lupinus schumannii'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus seclusus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus semiaequus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus semiverticillatus'' Desr. * ''Lupinus sergenti'' Tamayo ex Pittier * ''Lupinus sergentii'' Tamayo * ''Lupinus serradentum'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus shrevei'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus sierrae-zentae'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus sileri'' S.Watson * ''Lupinus sinus-meyersii'' C.P. Sm. * ''Lupinus sparhawkianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus spatulata'' Larrañaga * ''Lupinus speciosus'' Voss * ''Lupinus spruceanus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus standleyensis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus stationis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus stiveri'' Kellogg * ''Lupinus stoloniferus'' L. * ''Lupinus strigulosus'' Gand. * ''Lupinus subhirsutus'' Davidson * ''Lupinus subvolutus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus suksdorfii'' B.L. Rob. ex Piper * ''Lupinus summersianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus sylvaticus'' Hemsl. * ''Lupinus thermis'' Gasp. * ''Lupinus thermus'' St.-Lag. * ''Lupinus tilcaricus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus timotensis'' Tamayo * ''Lupinus tricolor'' Greene * ''Lupinus tricolor'' G.Nicholson * ''Lupinus trifidus'' Torr. ex S.Watson * ''Lupinus tristis'' Sweet * ''Lupinus trochophyllus'' Hoffmanns. * ''Lupinus tuckeranus'' C.P. Sm. * ''Lupinus vaginans'' Benth. * ''Lupinus valdepallidus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus vandykeae'' Eastw. * ''Lupinus variegatus'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus variegatus'' Poir. * ''Lupinus varneranus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus vavilovii'' Atabekova & Maissurjan * ''Lupinus venustus'' Bailly * ''Lupinus violaceus'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus viridicalyx'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus volcanicus'' Greene * ''Lupinus watsonii'' A.Heller * ''Lupinus westiana'' Small * ''Lupinus wolfianus'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus yanlyensis'' C.P.Sm. * ''Lupinus yaruahensis'' C.P.Sm.Hybrids
The following hybrids have been described: * ''Lupinus'' ×''alpestris'' (A. Nelson) D.B. Dunn & J.M. Gillett * ''Lupinus'' ×''hispanicoluteus'' W.Święcicki & W.K.Święcicki * ''Lupinus'' ×''hybridus'' Lem. * ''Lupinus'' ×''insignis'' Lem. * ''Lupinus'' ×''regalis'' (auct.) Bergmans—rainbow lupin (''Lupinus arboreus'' × ''Lupinus polyphyllus'') * ''Lupinus'' ×''versicolor'' Caball.Etymology
While some sources believe the origin of the name to be in doubt, the Collins Dictionary definition asserts that the word is 14th century in origin, from the Latin ''lupīnus'' "wolfish" from ''lupus'' "wolf" as it was believed that the plant ravenously exhausted the soil.Ecology
Certain species, such as the yellow bush lupin (''L. arboreus''), are considered invasive species, invasive weeds when they appear outside their native ranges. In New Zealand, lupines are viewed as invasive and a severe threat in some cases. ''Lupinus polyphyllus, L. polyphyllus'' has escaped into the wild and grows in large numbers along main roads and streams on the South Island. A similar spread of the species has occurred in Finland and Norway after the non-native species was first deliberately planted in the landscaping along the main roads. Lupins have been planted in some parts of Australia with a considerably cooler climate, particularly in rural Victoria (Australia), Victoria and New South Wales.
Lupins are important larval food plants for many lepidopterans (butterflies and moths). These include:
* ''Mission blue butterfly, Aricia icarioides missionensis'' (Mission blue butterfly), larvae limited to ''Lupinus''
* ''Callophrys irus'' (frosted elfin), recorded on ''L. perennis''
* ''Erynnis persius'' (Persius duskywing)
* extinction, †''Xerces Blue, Glaucopsyche xerces'' (Xerces blue)
* ''Glaucopsyche lygdamus'' (silvery blue)
* ''Karner Blue, Plebejus melissa samuelis'' (Karner blue)
* ''Erynnis persius persius'' (eastern Persius duskywing)
* ''Schinia sueta'', larvae limited to ''Lupinus''
Cultivation
''Lupinus polyphyllus
''Lupinus polyphyllus'', the large-leaved lupine, big-leaved lupine, many-leaved lupine, blue-pod lupine, or, primarily in cultivation, garden lupin, is a species of lupine (lupin) native to western North America from southern Alaska and British ...
'', the garden lupin, and ''Lupinus arboreus
''Lupinus arboreus'', the yellow bush lupine (US) or tree lupin (UK), is a species of flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae.
Description
''Lupinus arboreus'' is an evergreen shrub growing to tall (hence the alternative common name, tree ...
'', the tree lupin, are popular ornamental plants in gardens, and are the source of numerous Hybrid (biology), hybrids and cultivars in a wide range of colours, including bicolors. As legumes, lupins are good companion plants in gardens, increasing the soil nitrogen for vegetables and other plants. As well as growing in the ground, lupins can do well in pots on balconies or patios.
Lupinus polyphyllus
''Lupinus polyphyllus'', the large-leaved lupine, big-leaved lupine, many-leaved lupine, blue-pod lupine, or, primarily in cultivation, garden lupin, is a species of lupine (lupin) native to western North America from southern Alaska and British ...
'', UK
File:Mountaintop Lupin overlooking Raspberry Strait, Alaska 2009 114.jpg, ''Lupinus'' sp., Raspberry Island (Alaska), Raspberry Island, Alaska, United States
File:Lupinus in Hokkaido 20080630.jpg, Lupins in Hokkaido, Japan
File:Lupin Leaf.jpg, Lupin cultivar "My Castle"
File:Flores de lupino (Ushuaia).jpg, Ornamental lupins, Ushuaia, Argentina
File:Lupins at lake tekapo.jpg, Lupins at Lake Tekapo, New Zealand
File:Lupins, Lake Tekapo, NZ.jpg, Lupins at Lake Tekapo, New Zealand
File:Bluebonnet-8100.jpg, Texas Bluebonnet, Texas, United States
File:Lupins in Pacific Northwest Washington.png, alt=Lupins_PacificNorthwest_Washington_USA, Lupins in Pacific Northwest Washington, United States
Agriculture
In the early 20th century, German scientists attempted to cultivate a sweet variety of lupin lacking the bitter taste, making it more suitable for both human and animal consumption. Many annual species of lupins are used in agriculture and most of them have Mediterranean origin. While originally cultivated as a green manure or forage, lupins are increasingly grown for their seeds, which can be used as an alternative to soybeans. Sweet (lowalkaloid
Alkaloids are a class of basic
BASIC (Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages designed for ease of use. The original version was created by John G. Kemeny and Th ...
) lupins are highly regarded as a stock feed, particularly for ruminants, but also for pigs and poultry and more recently as an ingredient in aqua-feeds. The market for lupin seeds for human food is currently small, but researchers believe it has great potential. Lupin seeds are considered "superior" to soybeans in certain applications and evidence is increasing for their potential health benefits. They contain similar Protein (nutrient), protein to soybean, but less fat. As a food source, they are Gluten-free diet, gluten-free and high in dietary fiber, amino acids, and List of antioxidants in food, antioxidants, and they are considered to be Prebiotic (nutrition), prebiotic. About 85% of the world's lupin seeds are grown in Western Australia.Ross, KSoy substitute edges its way into European meals.
''New York Times'' 16 November 2011. Three Mediterranean species of lupin, blue (narrow-leafed) lupin, white lupin, and Lupinus luteus, yellow lupin, are widely cultivated for livestock and poultry feed. Like other legumes, they can Nitrogen fixation, fix nitrogen from the atmosphere into ammonia via a rhizobia, rhizobium–root nodule symbiosis, fertilizing the soil for other plants. This adaptation allows lupins to be tolerant of infertile soils and capable of pioneering change in barren and poor-quality soils. The genus ''Lupinus'' is nodulated by ''Bradyrhizobium'' soil bacteria.
Toxicity
Some lupins contain certain secondary metabolism, secondary compounds, including isoflavones and toxic alkaloids, such as lupinine and sparteine. With early detection, these can be removed through processing, although lupins containing these elements are not usually selected for food-grade products. A risk of lupin allergy exists in patients allergic to peanuts. Most lupin reactions reported have been in people with peanut allergy. Because of the cross-allergenicity of peanut and lupin, the European Commission, as of 2006, has required that food labels indicate the presence of "lupin and products thereof" in food. Lupin plants can be colonized by the fungus ''Diaporthe toxica'' which can cause a mycotoxicosis known as lupinosis when ingested by grazing animals.Uses
The legume seeds of lupins, commonly called lupin beans, were popular with the Romans, who cultivated the plants throughout the Roman Empire where the lupin is still known in extant Romance languages by names such as . Seeds of various species of lupins have been used as a food for over 3,000 years around the Mediterranean and for as long as 6,000 years in the Andes. Lupins were also used by many Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Native American peoples of North America such as the Yavapai people, Yavapai. The Lupinus mutabilis, Andean lupin or (''Lupinus mutabilis
''Lupinus mutabilis'' is a species of lupin grown in the Andes, mainly for its edible bean. Vernacular names include tarwi (in Quechua II, pronounced ''tarhui''), chocho, altramuz, Andean lupin, South American lupin, Peruvian field lupin, and pe ...
'') was a widespread food in the Incan Empire; but they have never been accorded the same status as soybeans, dry peas and other pulse crops. The pearl lupin of the Andean highlands of South America, ''L. mutabilis'', known locally as or , was extensively cultivated, but no conscious genetic improvement other than to select for larger and water-permeable seeds seems to have been made. Users soaked the seed in running water to remove most of the bitter alkaloids and then cooked or toasted the seeds to make them edible, or else boiled and dried them to make , reported as a pre-Columbian practice in . Spanish domination led to a change in the eating habits of the indigenous peoples, and only recently (late 20th century onward) has interest in using lupins as a food been renewed.
Lupins can be used to make a variety of foods both sweet and savoury, including everyday meals, traditional fermented foods, baked foods, and sauces. The European white lupin (''Lupinus albus, L. albus'') beans are commonly sold in a salty solution in jars (like olives and pickled cucumber, pickles) and can be eaten with or without the skin. ''Lupini'' dishes are most commonly found in Europe, especially in Portugal, Spain, Greece, and Italy. They are also common in Brazil and Egypt. In Egypt, the lupin is known in Arabic as , and is a popular street snack after being treated with several soakings of water, and then brined. In Portugal, Spain, and the Spanish Harlem district of New York City, New York, they are consumed with beer and wine. In Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Syria, and Palestinian territories, Palestine the salty and chilled lupini beans are called Turmus and are served as part of an apéritif and digestif, apéritif or a snack. Other species, such as ''L. albus'' (white lupin), ''Lupinus angustifolius, L. angustifolius'' (narrow-leafed lupin), and ''Lupinus hirsutus, L. hirsutus'' (blue lupin) also have edible seeds.
Culture
Consumed throughout the Mediterranean region and the Andes, Andean mountains, lupins were eaten by the early Egyptian and pre-Incan people and were known to Roman agriculturalists for their ability to improve the Soil fertility, fertility of soils.
In the late 18th century, lupins were introduced into northern Europe as a means of improving soil quality, and by the 1860s, the garden yellow lupin was seen across the sandy soils of the Baltic coastal plain.
The successful development of lupin varieties with the necessary "sweet gene" paved the way for the greater adoption of lupins across Europe and later Australia.
Further work carried out by the Western Australian Department of Agriculture and Food during the 1950s and '60s led to more sweet lupin crops produced in Western Australia now than anywhere else in the world.
Bluebonnet (plant), Bluebonnets, including the lupinus texensis, Texas bluebonnet (''L. texensis''), are the list of U.S. state flowers, state flowers of Texas.
See also
* Alice EastwoodNotes
References
Further reading
* Eastwood, R. J., et al. 2008. Diversity and evolutionary history of lupins—insights from new phylogenies. pp. 346–54, In: Palta, J. A. and J. B. Burger. (Eds.) Lupins for Health & Wealth. Proceedings 12th International Lupin Conference, Fremantle, Australia; International Lupin Association, Canterbury, New Zealand. * Putnam, D. H., et alLupine.
Alternative Field Crops Manual. University of Minnesota, University of Wisconsin Extension. 1997. * Zhukovsky, P.M. 1929. A contribution to the knowledge of genus ''Lupinus'' Tourn. Bull. Apll. Bot. Gen. Pl.-Breed., Leningrad-Moscow, XXI, I:16-294. * Kurlovich, B.S. 1989. On the centers of species formation of the genus ''Lupinus'' L. (in Russian). Bull.N.I. Vavilov Inst. of plant Industry. Leningrad, 193:20-24. * Kurlovich, B.S., Rep’ev, S.I., Shchelko, L.G., Budanova, V.I., Petrova, M.V., Buravtseva, T.V., Stankevich, A.K., Kartuzova, L.T., Alexandrova, T.G., Teplyakova and T.E., Malysh, L.K. 1995. Theoretical basis of plant breeding. Vol.111. The gene bank and breeding of grain legumes (lupine, vetch, soya, and bean), St.Petersburg, VIR, 438p. * Kurlovich, B.S.(Ed.). 2002
Lupins
Geography, Classification, Genetic Resources and Breeding. "Intan", 468p.
External links
* *Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database. University of Melbourne.
* Hughes, C
''Lupinus''.
Lupins.org
Superhydrophobicity in Lupins - video and commentary.
{{Authority control Lupinus, Fabaceae genera Garden plants Forages Nitrogen-fixing crops Taxa named by Sereno Watson