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''Lumpia'' are various types of spring rolls commonly found in Indonesian and Filipino cuisines. Lumpia are made of thin paper-like or
crêpe A crêpe or crepe ( or , , ) is a dish made from unleavened batter or dough that is cooked on a frying pan or a griddle. Crêpes are usually one of two varieties: ''sweet crêpes'' () or ''savoury galettes'' (). They are often served ...
-like pastry skin called "lumpia wrapper" enveloping savory or sweet fillings. It is often served as an
appetizer An hors d'oeuvre ( ; ), appetiser, appetizer or starter is a small dish served before a meal in European cuisine. Some hors d'oeuvres are served cold, others hot. Hors d'oeuvres may be served at the dinner table as a part of the meal, or th ...
or
snack A snack is a small portion of Human food, food generally Eating, eaten between meals. Snacks come in a variety of forms including Food packaging, packaged snack foods and other processed foods, as well as items made from fresh ingredients at ho ...
, and might be served deep-fried or fresh (unfried). Lumpia are Indonesian and Filipino adaptations of the Fujianese ''lūn-piáⁿ'' (潤餅) and Teochew ''
popiah Popiah (, Peng'im, Teochew Peng'im: boh⁸ bian²) is a Fujianese cuisine, Fujianese/Teochew cuisine, Teochew-style fresh spring roll filled with an assortment of fresh, dried, and cooked ingredients, eaten during the Qingming Festival and othe ...
'' (薄餅), usually consumed during
Qingming Festival The Qingming Festival or Ching Ming Festival, also known as Tomb-Sweeping Day in English (sometimes also called Chinese Memorial Day, Ancestors' Day, the Clear Brightness Festival, or the Pure Brightness Festival), is a traditional Chines ...
. In Indonesia, lumpia is a favorite snack, and is known as a street hawker food in the country. Lumpia was introduced by Chinese settlers to Indonesia during colonial times possibly in the 19th century. In the Philippines, lumpia is one of the most common dishes served in gatherings and celebrations. In the
Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...
and
Belgium Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. Situated in a coastal lowland region known as the Low Countries, it is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeas ...
, it is spelled ''loempia'', the old Indonesian
spelling Spelling is a set of conventions for written language regarding how graphemes should correspond to the sounds of spoken language. Spelling is one of the elements of orthography, and highly standardized spelling is a prescriptive element. Spelli ...
, which has also become the generic name for " spring roll" in Dutch.


Etymology

The name ''lumpia'' , sometimes spelled as ''lunpia'', was derived from
Hokkien Hokkien ( , ) is a Varieties of Chinese, variety of the Southern Min group of Chinese language, Chinese languages. Native to and originating from the Minnan region in the southeastern part of Fujian in southeastern China, it is also referred ...
spelling /lun˩piã˥˧/ (潤餅, POJ: lūn-piáⁿ), ''lun'' (潤, POJ: lūn) means "wet/moist/soft", while ''pia'' (餅, POJ: piáⁿ) means "cake/pastry", thus ''lun-pia'' means "soft cake". It is referred to as ''rùnbǐng'' (潤餅) or ''báobǐng, bóbǐng'' (薄餅) in
Mandarin Mandarin or The Mandarin may refer to: Language * Mandarin Chinese, branch of Chinese originally spoken in northern parts of the country ** Standard Chinese or Modern Standard Mandarin, the official language of China ** Taiwanese Mandarin, Stand ...
, and also as ''bópíjuǎn'' (薄皮卷). In neighboring
Malaysia Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and thre ...
and Singapore, lumpia is known in its variant name as ''
popiah Popiah (, Peng'im, Teochew Peng'im: boh⁸ bian²) is a Fujianese cuisine, Fujianese/Teochew cuisine, Teochew-style fresh spring roll filled with an assortment of fresh, dried, and cooked ingredients, eaten during the Qingming Festival and othe ...
'', from the Chaoshan dialect pronounced as /poʔ˩piã˥˧/ (薄餅,
Peng'im ( zh, s=潮州话拼音方案, t=潮州話拼音方案: ( Teochew) ( Swatow), : or , : or ) is a Teochew dialect romanization system as a part of Guangdong Romanization published by Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960. The ...
: boh⁸ bian²), which means "thin wafer."


Indonesia

Lumpia was introduced by Chinese settlers of
Fujian Fujian is a provinces of China, province in East China, southeastern China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its capital is Fuzhou and its largest prefe ...
origin to the
Dutch East Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies (; ), was a Dutch Empire, Dutch colony with territory mostly comprising the modern state of Indonesia, which Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, declared independence on 17 Au ...
, possibly in the 19th century. It was derived from Fujianese ''rùnbǐng'', thus lumpia was derived from
Hokkien Hokkien ( , ) is a Varieties of Chinese, variety of the Southern Min group of Chinese language, Chinese languages. Native to and originating from the Minnan region in the southeastern part of Fujian in southeastern China, it is also referred ...
dialect ''lunpia''. According to local tradition circulated in
Semarang Semarang (Javanese script, Javanese: , ''Kutha Semarang'') is the capital and largest city of Central Java province in Indonesia. It was a major port during the Netherlands, Dutch Dutch East Indies, colonial era, and is still an important regio ...
,
Central Java Central Java (, ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia, located in the middle of the island of Java. Its administrative capital is Semarang. It is bordered by West Java in the west, the Indian Ocean and the Special Region of Yogya ...
, lumpia was introduced by a Chinese settler named Tjoa Thay Yoe, a migrant from China who settled in Semarang by the end of the 19th century. At that time, Tjoa was selling a variety of foods made from
pork Pork is the culinary name for the meat of the pig (''Sus domesticus''). It is the most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig animal husbandry, husbandry dating back to 8000–9000 BCE. Pork is eaten both freshly cooke ...
and also bamboo shoots at Pasar Johar, Semarang. It was then that he met Wasih, a native Javanese woman food vendor who sold food made from shrimp and potato. Thay Yoe and Wasih eventually got married, and subsequently they created and sold food together by removing the pork element to cater for local consumers that mostly are Muslims. The food that was created was lumpia Semarang which is known to this day. The couple then had a daughter named Tjoa Po Nio, who continued her parents' business by selling lumpia Semarang spring rolls. Chinese influence is evident in
Indonesian cuisine Indonesian cuisine is a collection of various regional culinary traditions by various ethnic groups that formed in the archipelagic nation of Indonesia. There are a wide variety of recipes and cuisines in part because Indonesia is composed ...
, such as '' bakmi'', '' mie ayam'', ''pangsit'', '' mie goreng'', '' kwetiau goreng'', ''
nasi goreng ''Nasi goreng'' (English pronunciation: ), (Indonesian language, Indonesian and Malay language, Malay for 'fried rice') is a Southeast Asian rice dish with pieces of meat and vegetables added. It can refer simply to fried pre-cooked rice, a me ...
'', '' bakso'', and lumpia. Throughout the country, spring rolls are generally called lumpia; however, sometimes an old Chinese Indonesian spelling is used: ''loen pia''. In Indonesia lumpia is associated with Chinese Indonesian cuisine and commonly found in cities where significant Chinese Indonesian settles. Although some local variants exist and the filling ingredients may vary, the most popular variant is ''Lumpia Semarang'', available in fried or unfried variants. In Indonesia, lumpia variants usually named after the city where the recipe originates, with
Semarang Semarang (Javanese script, Javanese: , ''Kutha Semarang'') is the capital and largest city of Central Java province in Indonesia. It was a major port during the Netherlands, Dutch Dutch East Indies, colonial era, and is still an important regio ...
as the most famous variant. It represents creativity and the localisation of lumpia recipes according to locally available ingredients and local tastes. Unlike its Philippines counterpart, Indonesian lumpia rarely uses minced pork as a filling. This was meant to cater to the larger
Muslim Muslims () are people who adhere to Islam, a Monotheism, monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God ...
clientele, thus popular fillings are usually chicken, shrimp, egg and vegetables. Indonesian lumpia is commonly filled with seasoned chopped ''rebung'' ( bamboo shoots) with minced chicken or prawns, served with fresh baby
shallot The shallot is a cultivar group of the onion. Until 2010, the (French red) shallot was classified as a separate species, ''Allium ascalonicum''. The taxon was synonymized with '' Allium cepa'' (the common onion) in 2010, as the difference was t ...
s or
leek A leek is a vegetable, a cultivar of ''Allium ampeloprasum'', the broadleaf wild leek (synonym (taxonomy), syn. ''Allium porrum''). The edible part of the plant is a bundle of Leaf sheath, leaf sheaths that is sometimes erroneously called a "s ...
s in sweet '' tauco'' (fermented soy) based sauce. In addition to being made at home, lumpia is also offered as street food sold by traveling vendor on carts, sold in foodstalls specializing on ''Lumpia Semarang'', or sold in traditional marketplaces as part of '' kue'' (Indonesian traditional snack) or ''jajan pasar'' (market munchies). Simpler and cheaper lumpia is sold as part of ''
gorengan A fritter is a portion of meat, seafood, fruit, vegetables, or other ingredients which have been battered or breaded, or just a portion of dough without further ingredients, that is deep-fried. Fritters are prepared in both sweet and savory var ...
'' (Indonesian fritters). Indonesians are noted for their fondness of hot and spicy food, and therefore spicy hot '' sambal'' chili sauce or fresh bird's eye chili are usually added as a dipping sauce or condiment.


Lumpia Semarang

Named after the capital city of
Central Java Central Java (, ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia, located in the middle of the island of Java. Its administrative capital is Semarang. It is bordered by West Java in the west, the Indian Ocean and the Special Region of Yogya ...
in Indonesia,
Semarang Semarang (Javanese script, Javanese: , ''Kutha Semarang'') is the capital and largest city of Central Java province in Indonesia. It was a major port during the Netherlands, Dutch Dutch East Indies, colonial era, and is still an important regio ...
, where significant Chinese Indonesian have settled, ''lumpia Semarang'' is perhaps the most popular lumpia variant in Indonesia. It has become associated with the city, and the spring rolls are often sought by the visitors in Semarang as food gift or souvenir. Originally made by Chinese immigrants, this lumpia is filled with bamboo shoots, dried shrimp, chicken, and/or prawns. It is served with a sweet chili sauce made from dried shrimp (optional), coconut sugar, red chili peppers, bird's eye chili peppers, ground white pepper, tapioca starch, water, and baby shallots. Lumpia Semarang is served either deep-fried or unfried, as the filling is already cooked. Other variants of ''lumpia Semarang'' is filled with goat or crab meat.


Lumpia Jakarta

Named after Indonesian capital city,
Jakarta Jakarta (; , Betawi language, Betawi: ''Jakartè''), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (; ''DKI Jakarta'') and formerly known as Batavia, Dutch East Indies, Batavia until 1949, is the capital and largest city of Indonesia and ...
, this lumpia is usually deep-fried and sold as a ''gorengan'' fritter snack. Unlike the popular Semarang lumpia that uses ''rebung'' or bamboo shoots, Jakarta lumpia uses ''bengkuang'' or jicama, and is served with the typical Indonesian ''sambal kacang'' or spicy
peanut sauce Peanut sauce, satay sauce (saté sauce), ''bumbu kacang'', ''sambal kacang'', or ''pecel'' is an Indonesian cuisine, Indonesian sauce made from ground roasted or fried peanuts, widely used in Indonesian cuisine and many other dishes throughout t ...
as a dipping sauce.


Lumpia Bogor

Named after
Bogor Bogor City (), or Bogor (, ), is a landlocked city in the West Java, Indonesia. Located around south of the national capital of Jakarta, Bogor is the 6th largest city in the Jakarta metropolitan area and the 14th overall nationwide.
, a city in West Java, this lumpia filling is similar to the Jakarta lumpia variant; it uses jicama, as well as tofu and ''ebi'' dried shrimp. Unlike in other regions, where lumpia are usually served fried, Bogor lumpia are usually grilled on a hot iron, giving it a distinctive aroma. In addition, Bogor lumpia is usually shaped in a pillow-shaped rectangle and quite large in size.


Lumpia Bandung

Named after the city of
Bandung Bandung is the capital city of the West Java province of Indonesia. Located on the island of Java, the city is the List of Indonesian cities by population, fourth-most populous city and fourth largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta, Surabay ...
in West Java, it is a variant of ''lumpia basah'' or fresh and wet lumpia that is not deep-fried. However, unlike the common elongated shape, lumpia Bandung is not served in spring roll form, but the lumpia skin is spread, topped with fillings, stacked and folded square just like an envelope. Unlike the Semarang style lumpia, which uses bamboo shoots and minced chicken, Bandung style lumpia uses julienned jicama,
beansprout Sprouting is the natural process by which seeds or spores germinate and put out shoots, and already established plants produce new leaves or buds, or other structures experience further growth. In the field of nutrition, the term signifies ...
, scallion, garlic, chili, and scrambled egg as fillings, and is served with
palm sugar Palm sugar is a sweetener derived from any variety of palm tree. Palm sugar may be qualified by the type of palm, as in coconut palm sugar. While sugars from different palms may have slightly different compositions, all are processed simila ...
sauce.


Lumpia Surabaya

Named after the city of
Surabaya Surabaya is the capital city of East Java Provinces of Indonesia, province and the List of Indonesian cities by population, second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. Located on the northeastern corner of Java island, on the Madura Strai ...
in East Java, where this lumpia was originally made. It is made of mostly the same ingredients of lumpia semarang, but much less sweet in taste. Lumpia Surabaya might use bamboo shoots, corn, or slices of sausages as fillings, and is served with sambal chili sauce and tauco fermented soybean paste as dipping sauce.


Lumpia Yogyakarta

Although
Yogyakarta Yogyakarta is the capital city of the Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by Hamengkubuwono, a monarchy, Yogyakarta is regarded as an importan ...
is quite close to Semarang city, Yogyakarta also has a different type of lumpia. The typical lumpia of Yogyakarta usually contain jicama, bean sprouts, carrots, and minced chicken meat. Boiled quail eggs and glass noodles are sometimes added as fillings as well. 'Yogya lumpia' is usually served with '' acar'' pickles, chilies, and toppings made from crushed garlic and jicama. The generous use of garlic and pickles as garnish is meant to refresh and neutralize the otherwise oiliness of the deep-fried lumpia.


Lumpia Medan

Originating from
Medan Medan ( , ) is the capital city, capital and largest city of the Indonesian Provinces of Indonesia, province of North Sumatra. The nearby Strait of Malacca, Port of Belawan, and Kualanamu International Airport make Medan a regional hub and multi ...
city of North Sumatra, this lumpia version is more akin to
popiah Popiah (, Peng'im, Teochew Peng'im: boh⁸ bian²) is a Fujianese cuisine, Fujianese/Teochew cuisine, Teochew-style fresh spring roll filled with an assortment of fresh, dried, and cooked ingredients, eaten during the Qingming Festival and othe ...
of neighboring
Malaysia Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and thre ...
and Singapore. Thus, in Medan, lumpia is more commonly referred to as popiah. Medan popiah or lumpia is a large fresh unfried spring roll, consumed not as a snack, but as a main meal. This is because Medan lumpias are made in large sizes with rich fillings, including bamboo shoots, scrambled eggs, peanuts, shrimp, crabs, and more.


Lumpia goreng

''Lumpia goreng'' is a simple fried spring roll filled with vegetables; the spring roll wrappers are filled with chopped carrots cut into matchstick-size, shredded cabbage, and sometimes mushrooms. Although usually filled only with vegetables, the fried spring rolls might be enriched with minced beef, chicken, or prawns. There is also a common, cheap and simple variant of fried lumpia, eaten not as a single dish but as part of assorted ''
gorengan A fritter is a portion of meat, seafood, fruit, vegetables, or other ingredients which have been battered or breaded, or just a portion of dough without further ingredients, that is deep-fried. Fritters are prepared in both sweet and savory var ...
'' (Indonesian fritters) snack, sold together with fried battered
tempeh Tempe or tempeh (; , ) is a traditional Indonesian food made from fermented soybeans. It is made by a natural culturing and controlled fermentation process that binds soybeans into a cake form. A fungus, '' Rhizopus oligosporus'' or '' Rhizopu ...
, tofu,
oncom Oncom ( IPA: ) is a fermented food which is one of the traditional staples of the Sundanese cuisine of Indonesia. There are two kinds of oncom: red oncom and black oncom. The food is closely related to tempeh; both are fermented using mold. U ...
, sweet potato and cassava. It is only filled with ''bihun'' (
rice vermicelli Rice vermicelli is a thin form of rice noodle. It is sometimes referred to as "rice noodles" or "rice sticks", but should not be confused with cellophane noodles, a different Asian type of vermicelli made from mung bean starch or rice starch r ...
) with chopped carrots and cabbages, and is usually eaten with fresh bird's eye chili pepper. The sliced lumpia goreng is also the ingredient of '' soto mie'' (noodle soto).


Lumpia basah

It literally means "wet spring roll", or often translated as "fresh spring roll" which means spring roll without frying. It is similar to the Vietnamese spring roll with bean sprouts, carrots, shrimp and/or chicken, and served with sweet '' tauco'' (another Hokkien word for salted soybeans) sauce.


Lumpia ayam

This popular appetizer in Indonesia is
chicken The chicken (''Gallus gallus domesticus'') is a domesticated subspecies of the red junglefowl (''Gallus gallus''), originally native to Southeast Asia. It was first domesticated around 8,000 years ago and is now one of the most common and w ...
lumpia, with fillings including shredded chicken, sliced carrot, onion and garlic; and seasoned with sugar, salt and pepper. In
Yogyakarta Yogyakarta is the capital city of the Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by Hamengkubuwono, a monarchy, Yogyakarta is regarded as an importan ...
, there is a popular chicken lumpia variant called ''Lumpia Mutiara'', sold in front of Mutiara Hotel in
Malioboro ''Jalan Malioboro'' (; ) is a major shopping street in Yogyakarta (city), Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the name is also used more generally for the neighborhood around the street. It lies north–south axis in the line between Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadi ...
street.


Lumpia sayur

Vegetarian lumpia, usually filled with
glass noodles Glass noodles, or fensi (), sometimes called cellophane noodles, are a type of transparent noodle made from starch (such as mung bean starch, potato starch, sweet potato starch, tapioca, or canna starch) and water. They originated in China. A s ...
, shredded cabbage, lettuce, julienned carrots, minced garlic and celery, seasoned with soy sauce and sweet chili sauce. Most of cheaper lumpia sold as part of Indonesian ''
gorengan A fritter is a portion of meat, seafood, fruit, vegetables, or other ingredients which have been battered or breaded, or just a portion of dough without further ingredients, that is deep-fried. Fritters are prepared in both sweet and savory var ...
'' (fritters) are ''lumpia sayur'' or vegetables lumpia, that contains only bits of carrots and
bihun Rice vermicelli is a thin form of rice noodle. It is sometimes referred to as "rice noodles" or "rice sticks", but should not be confused with cellophane noodles, a different Asian type of vermicelli made from mung bean starch or rice starch r ...
rice glass noodles.


Lumpia mercon

The name ''lumpia mercon'' (lit. firecracker lumpia) implies that this lumpia is extra hot and spicy, filled with slices of ''cabe rawit'' or
bird's eye chili Bird's eye chili or Thai chili ( owing to its shape) is a chili pepper variety (botany), variety from the species ''Capsicum annuum'' that is native to Mexico. Cultivated across Southeast Asia, it is used extensively in many Asian cuisines. It m ...
, a small type of chili that is very spicy and much hotter than a common jalapeño. This lumpia demonstrates the Indonesian fondness for extra hot and spicy food.


Lumpia mini

This is a bite size smaller lumpia snack, a skin pastry crepe the same as with common lumpia; however, it is filled only with ''abon'' ( beef floss) or ''ebi'' (dried prawn floss).


Lumpia duleg

''Lumpia duleg'', also known as ''lumpia delanggu'' or ''sosis kecut'' (sour sausages) is a simple and cheap lumpia snack from Delanggu subdistrict, Klaten Regency, Central Java, a town located between Yogyakarta and Semarang. It is a small finger-sized lumpia filled with mung bean sprouts (''tauge'') with slightly sour flavour.


Lumpia tahu

Another vegetarian lumpia in Indonesia is ''lumpia tahu'' or
tofu or bean curd is a food prepared by Coagulation (milk), coagulating soy milk and then pressing the resulting curds into solid white blocks of varying softness: ''silken'', ''soft'', ''firm'', and ''extra (or super) firm''. It originated in Chin ...
lumpia. It is filled with tofu and diced carrot, lightly seasoned, and deep-fried. Usually, its size is smaller than common lumpia, and consumed as a snack. Sometimes beaten egg and chopped scallion might be added to the filling mixture.


Lumpia telur

This simple and cheap street food is a popular snack among Indonesian school children. ''Lumpia telur'' is an
egg An egg is an organic vessel grown by an animal to carry a possibly fertilized egg cell (a zygote) and to incubate from it an embryo within the egg until the embryo has become an animal fetus that can survive on its own, at which point the ...
lumpia, which is lumpia skin placed upon a hot flat pan, topped with beaten egg and chopped scallion, folded, and fried with cooking oil. Sometimes slices of sausages are added. The shape is not cylindrical like a common spring roll, but rather a flat half-circle, drizzled with '' kecap manis'' sweet soy sauce and chili sambal. It is often regarded as a hybrid between lumpia and egg
martabak Murtabak, or Mutabbaq (, ), is a Yemeni stuffed pancake or pan-fried bread commonly found in the Arabian Peninsula, the Indian subcontinent, and Southeast Asia, notably in Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, and Sout ...
.


Lumpia jantung pisang

Lumpia with filling made of ''jantung pisang'' (lit. banana's heart) which refer to banana blossom bud, mixed with eggs, seasoned with shallot, garlic, turmeric and pepper, served in hot sambal chili sauce.


Lumpia pisang

''Lumpia pisang'' or abbreviated as ''lumpis'' is a ''sale pisang'', a processed banana made by drying and smoking processes and dried in the sun, wrapped in ''lumpia'' wrapper.


Lumpia udang mayones

Seafood lumpia, filled with
shrimp A shrimp (: shrimp (American English, US) or shrimps (British English, UK)) is a crustacean with an elongated body and a primarily Aquatic locomotion, swimming mode of locomotion – typically Decapods belonging to the Caridea or Dendrobranchi ...
, diced carrots, scallions, garlic and
mayonnaise Mayonnaise (), colloquially referred to as "mayo" (), is a thick, creamy sauce with a rich and tangy taste that is commonly used on sandwiches, hamburgers, Salad#Bound salads, bound salads, and French fries. It also forms the base for various o ...
. Actually, the popularity of mayonnaise-filled snack was started by another Indonesian popular snack called risole. Risole is quite similar to lumpia, with the difference in skin texture – in which risoles' skin is thicker, softer, and
breaded Breadcrumbs are a culinary ingredient consisting of flour or crumbled bread of varying dryness, sometimes with seasonings added. They are used for a variety of purposes, including breading or crumbing foods before frying (such as breaded cutlet ...
. This novelty risole recipe with mayo flavor then spin-off using lumpia skin to become a new lumpia variant.


Piscok

Piscok is an abbreviation of ''pisang cokelat'' (''banana chocolate'' in Indonesian). It is a sweet snack made of pieces of banana with chocolate syrup, wrapped inside lumpia skin and being deep fried. Pisang cokelat is often simply described as "choco banana spring rolls". It is often regarded as a hybrid between another Indonesian favourites; pisang goreng (fried banana) and lumpia (spring roll). The type of banana being used is similar to pisang goreng; preferably '' pisang uli'', '' pisang kepok'' or '' pisang raja sereh''. Pisang cokelat is almost identical to Philippines '' turon'', except in this Indonesian version chocolate content is a must.


Sumpia

The much smaller and drier lumpia with similar beef or prawn floss filling is called ''sumpia''. Its diameter is about the same as human finger. In Indonesia, the most common filling for sumpia is ''ebi'' or dried shrimp floss, spiced with
coriander Coriander (), whose leaves are known as cilantro () in the U.S. and parts of Canada, and dhania in parts of South Asia and Africa, is an annual plant, annual herb (''Coriandrum sativum'') in the family Apiaceae. Most people perceive the ...
, lemon leaf, garlic and
shallot The shallot is a cultivar group of the onion. Until 2010, the (French red) shallot was classified as a separate species, ''Allium ascalonicum''. The taxon was synonymized with '' Allium cepa'' (the common onion) in 2010, as the difference was t ...
. These miniature lumpias are deep fried in ample of
palm oil Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from the mesocarp (reddish pulp) of the fruit of oil palms. The oil is used in food manufacturing, in beauty products, and as biofuel. Palm oil accounted for about 36% of global oils produced from o ...
until golden brown and crispy. Sumpia has a more crunchy and drier texture and is often consumed as a savory kue snack.


Philippines

Lumpia was introduced to the Philippines by early
Hokkien Hokkien ( , ) is a Varieties of Chinese, variety of the Southern Min group of Chinese language, Chinese languages. Native to and originating from the Minnan region in the southeastern part of Fujian in southeastern China, it is also referred ...
immigrants from
Fujian Fujian is a provinces of China, province in East China, southeastern China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its capital is Fuzhou and its largest prefe ...
. The name is derived from Hokkien: "lun" means wet, moist, or soft, and "pia" means cake or pastry. They have been thoroughly nativized to Philippine cuisine and are found throughout the islands. They use various fillings inspired by local ingredients and dishes, and the later cuisines of Spain, China, and the United States. Filipino lumpia can be differentiated from other Asian spring roll versions in that they use a paper-thin wrapper made from just flour, water, and salt. They were also traditionally slender and long, with a shape roughly similar to that of cigars or '' cigarillos'', though modern versions can come in various shapes and sizes. The thinness of the crêpe and the shape of the lumpia give them a relatively denser wrapping that nevertheless remains flaky and light in texture. They are also traditionally dipped in '' agre dulce'' (sweet and sour sauce), vinegar-based sauces,
banana ketchup Banana ketchup, also known as banana sauce (in export markets), is a Philippine fruit ketchup condiment made from banana, sugar, vinegar, and spices. Its natural color is brownish-yellow but it is often dyed red to resemble tomato ketchup. ...
, or sweet chili sauce. Fresh lumpia, however, have wrappers that are more
crêpe A crêpe or crepe ( or , , ) is a dish made from unleavened batter or dough that is cooked on a frying pan or a griddle. Crêpes are usually one of two varieties: ''sweet crêpes'' () or ''savoury galettes'' (). They are often served ...
-like and thicker due to the addition of eggs (though still thinner than other Asian versions). They are closer in texture to the original Chinese versions and were traditionally made with rice flour which makes them chewier. Various kinds of lumpia, fried or fresh, are ubiquitous in Filipino celebrations like fiestas or
Christmas Christmas is an annual festival commemorating Nativity of Jesus, the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a Religion, religious and Culture, cultural celebration among billions of people Observance of Christmas by coun ...
. Filipino lumpia also have a unique and extremely popular dessert subcategory, the '' turón''. These lumpia variants are either cooked with a glazing of
caramelized Caramelization (or caramelisation) is a process of browning of sugar used extensively in cooking for the resulting butter-like flavor and brown color. The brown colors are produced by three groups of polymers: (C24H36O18), (C36H50O25), and ...
sugar, sprinkled with granular sugar, or drizzled in '' latík'' (coconut caramel), a syrup, or honey. ''Turón'' are traditionally filled with ripe saba bananas and
jackfruit The jackfruit or ''nangka'' (''Artocarpus heterophyllus'') is a species of tree in the Common fig, fig, mulberry, and breadfruit family (Moraceae). The jackfruit is the largest tree fruit, reaching as much as in weight, in length, and in d ...
, but they can also be made with a wide variety of other sweet fillings, from
sweet potato The sweet potato or sweetpotato (''Ipomoea batatas'') is a dicotyledonous plant in the morning glory family, Convolvulaceae. Its sizeable, starchy, sweet-tasting tuberous roots are used as a root vegetable, which is a staple food in parts of ...
to ube.


Daral

Another dessert ''lumpia'', ''Daral'' (called ''Balolon'' among the Maranao) originates from the Tausūg people in
Mindanao Mindanao ( ) is the List of islands of the Philippines, second-largest island in the Philippines, after Luzon, and List of islands by population, seventh-most populous island in the world. Located in the southern region of the archipelago, the ...
. The wrapper is made from unsweetened, ground
glutinous rice Domestication syndrome refers to two sets of phenotypic traits that are common to either domesticated plants or domesticated animals. Domesticated animals tend to be smaller and less aggressive than their wild counterparts; they may also hav ...
and
coconut milk Coconut milk is a plant milk extracted from the grated pulp of mature coconuts. The opacity and rich taste of the milky-white liquid are due to its high oil content, most of which is saturated fat. Coconut milk is a traditional food ingred ...
('' galapóng''), and is filled with sweetened coconut meat ('' hinti'').


Dinamita

'' Dinamita'' or "dynamite lumpia" is a deep-fried variant stuffed with a whole
chili pepper Chili peppers, also spelled chile or chilli ( ), are varieties of fruit#Berries, berry-fruit plants from the genus ''Capsicum'', which are members of the nightshade family Solanaceae, cultivated for their pungency. They are used as a spice to ...
wrapped in a thin egg
crêpe A crêpe or crepe ( or , , ) is a dish made from unleavened batter or dough that is cooked on a frying pan or a griddle. Crêpes are usually one of two varieties: ''sweet crêpes'' () or ''savoury galettes'' (). They are often served ...
. The stuffing is usually ''giniling'' (
ground beef Ground beef, hamburger, hamburger meat (North American English), minced beef or beef mince (Commonwealth English; often just generically referred to as ground meat, ''mince'' or ''mincemeat'') is beef that has been finely chopped with a knife or ...
or
pork Pork is the culinary name for the meat of the pig (''Sus domesticus''). It is the most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig animal husbandry, husbandry dating back to 8000–9000 BCE. Pork is eaten both freshly cooke ...
), cheese, and spices, but it can also be adapted to use a wide variety of other ingredients, including '' tocino'', ''
ham Ham is pork from a leg cut that has been preserved by wet or dry curing, with or without smoking."Bacon: Bacon and Ham Curing" in '' Chambers's Encyclopædia''. London: George Newnes, 1961, Vol. 2, p. 39. As a processed meat, the term '' ...
ón'',
bacon Bacon is a type of Curing (food preservation), salt-cured pork made from various cuts of meat, cuts, typically the pork belly, belly or less fatty parts of the back. It is eaten as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), used as a central in ...
, and shredded chicken. It is commonly eaten as an
appetizer An hors d'oeuvre ( ; ), appetiser, appetizer or starter is a small dish served before a meal in European cuisine. Some hors d'oeuvres are served cold, others hot. Hors d'oeuvres may be served at the dinner table as a part of the meal, or th ...
or as a companion to beer.


Lumpiang adobo

A type of lumpia filled with shredded meat that has been cooked
adobo or (Spanish language, Spanish: marinade, sauce, or seasoning) is the immersion of food in a stock (or sauce) composed variously of paprika, oregano, Edible salt, salt, garlic, and vinegar to preserve and enhance its flavor. The Portuguese cu ...
style.


Lumpiang gulay

'' Lumpiang gulay'' ("vegetable spring roll") usually consists of various chopped vegetables and a small amount of pork or shrimp. The types of vegetables can vary greatly, and is a fried version. It is not vegetarian by default, but
vegan Veganism is the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products and the consumption of animal source foods, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals. A person who practices veganism is known as a ve ...
and
vegetarian Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the Eating, consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, insects as food, insects, and the flesh of any other animal). It may also include abstaining from eating all by-products of animal slau ...
versions can be made from the basic recipe.


Lumpiang hubád

''Lumpiang hubád'' ("naked spring roll") is ''lumpiang sariwà'' (fresh lumpia) served without the crêpe wrapping. The lack of a wrapper technically does not make lumpia, but is an alternative way of serving fresh lumpia's traditional fillings.


Lumpiang isdâ

''Lumpiang isdâ'' ("fish lumpia") is filled primarily with fish flakes and fried. It is also known as ''lumpiang galunggóng'' ( blackfin scad), ''lumpiang bangús'' ( milkfish), ''lumpiang tulingán'' (
yellowfin tuna The yellowfin tuna (''Thunnus albacares'') is a species of tuna found in pelagic waters of tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide. Yellowfin is often marketed as ahi, from the Hawaiian , a name also used there for the closely related bigeye ...
), etc., depending on the type of fish used. A common version of this combines fish flakes with '' malunggay'' (moringa) leaves.


Lumpiang keso

'' Lumpiang keso'', more commonly known as "cheese lumpia" or "cheese sticks", is deep-fried lumpia with a slice of cheese (often cheddar) as filling. It is usually served with a dipping sauce made of
banana ketchup Banana ketchup, also known as banana sauce (in export markets), is a Philippine fruit ketchup condiment made from banana, sugar, vinegar, and spices. Its natural color is brownish-yellow but it is often dyed red to resemble tomato ketchup. ...
and
mayonnaise Mayonnaise (), colloquially referred to as "mayo" (), is a thick, creamy sauce with a rich and tangy taste that is commonly used on sandwiches, hamburgers, Salad#Bound salads, bound salads, and French fries. It also forms the base for various o ...
.


Lumpiang labong

''Lumpiang labóng'' is similar to ''lumpiang ubód'' but is made with ''labóng'' ( bamboo shoot), rather than heart of palm, making it more like the Indonesian ''lumpia rebung''. It can be eaten fresh or fried.


Lumpiang prito

''Lumpiang prito'' ("fried spring roll"), is the generic name for a subclass of lumpia that is fried. It usually refers to ''lumpiang gulay'' or ''lumpiang togue''. They can come in sizes as small as ''lumpiang shanghai'' or as big as ''lumpiang sariwà''. It is usually eaten with vinegar and chili peppers, or a mixture of
soy sauce Soy sauce (sometimes called soya sauce in British English) is a liquid condiment of China, Chinese origin, traditionally made from a fermentation (food), fermented paste of soybeans, roasted cereal, grain, brine, and ''Aspergillus oryzae'' or ''A ...
and calamansi juice known as ''toyomansî''.


Lumpiang sariwà

''Lumpiang sariwà'' ( Tagalog: "fresh spring roll") or "fresh lumpia", consists of minced vegetables and/or various pre-cooked meat or seafood and jicama (''singkamás'') as an extender, encased in a double wrapping of lettuce leaf and a yellowish egg
crêpe A crêpe or crepe ( or , , ) is a dish made from unleavened batter or dough that is cooked on a frying pan or a griddle. Crêpes are usually one of two varieties: ''sweet crêpes'' () or ''savoury galettes'' (). They are often served ...
. An egg is often used as a binding agent for the wrap. The accompanying sauce is made from chicken or pork stock, a
starch Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of numerous glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by most green plants for energy storage. Worldwide, it is the most common carbohydrate in human diet ...
mixture, crushed and roasted peanuts, and fresh garlic. This variety is not fried and is usually around five centimeters in diameter and 15 centimeters in length. It is derived from the original Chinese
popiah Popiah (, Peng'im, Teochew Peng'im: boh⁸ bian²) is a Fujianese cuisine, Fujianese/Teochew cuisine, Teochew-style fresh spring roll filled with an assortment of fresh, dried, and cooked ingredients, eaten during the Qingming Festival and othe ...
.


Lumpiang Shanghai

'' Lumpiang Shanghai'' is regarded as the most widespread type of lumpia and the most commonly served in Filipino gatherings. It is characteristically filled with sautéed ground pork, minced onion, carrots, and spices, with the mixture sometimes held together by beaten egg. It has numerous variants that contain other ingredients like green peas, ''kintsáy'' ( Chinese parsley) or raisins. ''Lumpiang Shanghai'' is commonly served with '' agre dulce'', but
ketchup Ketchup or catsup is a table condiment with a sweet and sour flavor. "Ketchup" now typically refers to tomato ketchup, although early recipes for different varieties contained mushrooms, oysters, mussels, egg whites, grapes, or walnuts, amon ...
(tomato or
banana A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large treelike herbaceous flowering plants in the genus '' Musa''. In some countries, cooking bananas are called plantains, distinguishing the ...
) and vinegar are popular alternatives. This variant is typically smaller than other lumpia. Despite the name, it did not originate from Shanghai or China.


Lumpiang singkamás

''Lumpiang singkamás'' is similar to '' lumpiang ubod'', but it is made primarily with julienned strips of jicama rather than heart of palm. It can be eaten fresh or fried.


Lumpiang togue

This version of ''lumpiang gulay'' is filled primarily with
bean sprout Sprouting is the natural process by which seeds or spores germinate and put out shoots, and already established plants produce new leaves or buds, or other structures experience further growth. In the field of nutrition, the term signifies ...
s (''togue'') and various other vegetables such as string beans and carrots. Small morsels of meat, seafood, or tofu may be added. Though it is the least expensive of the variants, the preparation  the cutting of vegetables and meats into small pieces and pre-cooking these  can be taxing and labor-intensive. It is a fried version.


Lumpiang ubód

'' Lumpiang ubód'' is a variation made of julienned ''ubód'' (
heart The heart is a muscular Organ (biology), organ found in humans and other animals. This organ pumps blood through the blood vessels. The heart and blood vessels together make the circulatory system. The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrie ...
of the coconut tree) as the main ingredient. They can be fried or served as ''lumpiang sariwà''. It originates from Silay,
Negros Occidental Negros Occidental (; ), officially the Province of Negros Occidental (; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Negros, Negros Island. Its capital is the city of Bacolod, of which it is geographically s ...
, where a variant, '' lumpiang Silay'', is still popular.


Lumpiang pancit

A type of lumpia where the filling consists of
pancit Pancit ( ), also spelled pansit, is a general term referring to various traditional noodle dishes in Filipino cuisine. There are numerous types of pancit, often named based on the noodles used, method of cooking, place of origin or the ingredi ...
, a popular Filipino noodle dish. Most likely created from the ''turo-turo'' or ''karinderias'' that have leftover pancit, often the ''sótanghon'' (
mung bean The mung bean or green gram (''Vigna radiata'') is a plant species in the legume family.Brief Introduction of Mung Bean. Vigna Radiata Extract Green Mung Bean Extract Powder Phaseolus aureus Roxb Vigna radiata L R Wilczek. MDidea-Extracts P ...
noodle) or ''bihon'' ( rice noodle varieties, as fillers within the lumpia.


Ngohiong

''
Ngohiong ''Ngohiong'', also known and pronounced as ''ngoyong'', is a Cuisine of the Philippines, Filipino appetizer consisting of julienned or cubed vegetables with ground meat or shrimp seasoned with five-spice powder in a thin egg crêpe that is deep ...
'' is a variant of lumpia distinctively seasoned with five-spice powder. It is derived from the
Hokkien Hokkien ( , ) is a Varieties of Chinese, variety of the Southern Min group of Chinese language, Chinese languages. Native to and originating from the Minnan region in the southeastern part of Fujian in southeastern China, it is also referred ...
dish '' ngo hiang'' (''kikiám'' in the Philippines, a type of Chinese sausage) and originated in
Cebu City Cebu City, officially the City of Cebu, is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, highly urbanized city in the Central Visayas region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 964,169 people, making ...
.


Turón

''Turón'', also known as ''lumpiang saging'', banana ''lumpia'', or banana rolls, is a golden-brown snack that is usually made of sliced saba bananas and jackfruit or cheese in a lumpia wrapper, sprinkled with brown sugar, and deep-fried. It is sometimes paired with ice cream or pancake syrup. This snack is sold in the streets of most cities in the country alongside maruya, banana cue, and camote cue. Different variants have emerged using different ingredients: such as ''manggáng turón'' (
mango A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree '' Mangifera indica''. It originated from the region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh, and northeastern India. ''M. indica'' has been cultivated in South and Southeast As ...
), ''kamote turon'' (
sweet potato The sweet potato or sweetpotato (''Ipomoea batatas'') is a dicotyledonous plant in the morning glory family, Convolvulaceae. Its sizeable, starchy, sweet-tasting tuberous roots are used as a root vegetable, which is a staple food in parts of ...
), ''turón de maní'' (peanut), chocolate ''turón'', and ''ube turon'' or ''turón halayá'' ( mashed purple yam).


The Netherlands

In the Netherlands, lumpia is called ''loempia'', an old Indonesian spelling. It was introduced to the Netherlands through its former colonization of Indonesia. In the Netherlands, ''loempia'' is described as a large Indonesian version of Chinese spring rolls, stuffed with minced meat, bean sprouts, and cabbage leaves, and flavored with soy sauce, garlic, and green onion. Loempia is one of the popular snacks sold in the Dutch snack bars or ''eetcafé''.


Lumpia wrapper


Philippines

Filipino lumpia wrappers generally come in two variants. The most common variant used mostly for fried lumpia is made from just flour, water, salt, and optionally
cornstarch Cornflour, cornstarch, maize starch, or corn starch (American English) is the starch derived from corn (maize) grain. The starch is obtained from the endosperm of the kernel. Corn starch is a common food ingredient, often used to thicken s ...
. This type of wrapper is characteristically paper-thin, much thinner than other spring roll wrappers. The ingredients are mixed into a wet dough, then left to sit for a few hours before cooking. A ball of dough is taken with one hand and smeared into a heated large flat metal plate greased with oil until a very thin circular film of it adheres to the pan and fries. It is cooked for a few seconds then quickly taken out and left to dry. For "fresh" (non-fried) lumpia, the wrappers are usually made with egg in addition to the other basic ingredients (and it may use
rice flour Rice flour (also rice powder) is a form of flour made from finely milled rice. It is distinct from rice starch, which is usually produced by steeping rice in lye. Rice flour is a common substitute for wheat flour. It is also used as a thickening ...
). This essentially turns it into a thin egg
crêpe A crêpe or crepe ( or , , ) is a dish made from unleavened batter or dough that is cooked on a frying pan or a griddle. Crêpes are usually one of two varieties: ''sweet crêpes'' () or ''savoury galettes'' (). They are often served ...
. It is still thinner than other spring roll variants, but much thicker and softer than variants made from just flour and water. In modern mass production, Filipino lumpia wrappers are generally made by automated assembly-line machines similar to those used to make spring roll wrappers, differing only in the recipe and the thickness of the wrapper. It uses a revolving drum.
Vegan Veganism is the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products and the consumption of animal source foods, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals. A person who practices veganism is known as a ve ...
versions of the wrapper exclude eggs, and is instead just made with flour, salt, and water, which results in a thinner translucent wrap. These are also sealed with water, not an egg wash.


Popularity

Lumpia have such enduring popularity that one can see at least one variant in almost any set of Filipino or Indonesian festivities. Despite being an adaptation of a Chinese dish, in the United States, lumpia is associated with Filipino cuisine, while in Europe, especially in the
Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...
, it is associated with Indonesian cuisine, owed to their shared colonial links. The distinct taste and ease of preparation (the Shanghai variant at least) have caused lumpia to be one of the staple food products on the menus of many Filipino restaurants in the United States and around the world.


See also

*
Popiah Popiah (, Peng'im, Teochew Peng'im: boh⁸ bian²) is a Fujianese cuisine, Fujianese/Teochew cuisine, Teochew-style fresh spring roll filled with an assortment of fresh, dried, and cooked ingredients, eaten during the Qingming Festival and othe ...
* Bakpia (Hopia) * Crepe *
Egg roll The egg roll is a variety of deep-fried appetizer served in American Chinese restaurants. It is a cylindrical, savory roll with shredded cabbage, chopped meat, or other fillings inside a thickly wrapped wheat flour skin, which is fried in ...
* Spring roll * Turon * Daral *
Gỏi cuốn ''Gỏi cuốn'', () nem cuốn, salad roll, summer roll, fresh spring roll, cold roll or rice paper roll is a Vietnamese cuisine, Vietnamese dish traditionally consisting of pork, Shrimp and prawn as food, prawn, vegetables, ''bún'' (rice vermi ...
* Chả giò *
Javanese cuisine Javanese cuisine () is the cuisine of Javanese people, a major Native Indonesian, ethnic group in Indonesia in the provinces of Central Java, Yogyakarta, and East Java. Definition Javanese cuisine refers exclusively to the cuisine of Javan ...
* Chinese Indonesian cuisine *
Filipino Chinese cuisine Filipino Chinese cuisine is a style of Filipino cuisine influenced by Chinese cuisine historically brought to the Philippines by Chinese Filipino, Chinese Filipinos, starting with the Sangley, Sangley Chinese and their Filipino Mestizos, Chines ...
*
List of stuffed dishes This is a list of stuffed dishes, comprising dishes and foods that are prepared with various fillings and stuffings. Some dishes are not actually stuffed; the added ingredients are simply spread atop the base food, as one cannot truly stuff an oys ...


References


External links


Lumpia Semarang Recipe (Semarang Style Springroll)
{{Filipino cuisine Appetizers Indonesian Chinese cuisine Javanese cuisine Street food in Indonesia Stuffed dishes Filipino Chinese cuisine Philippine snack food Guamanian cuisine Palauan cuisine Deep fried foods