Ludwik Skumin Tyszkiewicz (; 1748 – 26 June 1808) was a
Polish–Lithuanian nobleman (''
szlachcic
The ''szlachta'' (; ; ) were the noble estate of the realm in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Depending on the definition, they were either a warrior "caste" or a social class, a ...
'') and
Field Lithuanian Hetman from 1780 to 1791,
Great Lithuanian Treasurer from 1791,
Great Lithuanian Marshal from 1793. Member of the
Targowica Confederation
The Targowica Confederation (, , ) was a confederation established by Polish and Lithuanian magnates on 27 April 1792, in Saint Petersburg, with the backing of the Russian Empress Catherine II. The confederation opposed the Constitution of 3 May ...
.
In 1764, as an envoy from the
Trakai Voivodeship he was an elector for
Stanisław August Poniatowski
Stanisław II August (born Stanisław Antoni Poniatowski; 17 January 1732 – 12 February 1798), known also by his regnal Latin name Stanislaus II Augustus, and as Stanisław August Poniatowski (), was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuani ...
, whose niece
Konstancja Poniatowska, the daughter of Prince
Kazimierz Poniatowski, he married in
Warsaw
Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...
on 4 April 1775. Their daughter Anna married Count
Aleksander Stanisław Potocki.
In 1776, Tyszkiewicz was an envoy to the Sejm from the
Vilnius Voivodeship
The Vilnius Voivodeship (, , , ) was one of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania's voivodeships, which existed from the voivodeship's creation in 1413 to the destruction of the Lithuanian state in 1795. This voivodeship was Lithuania's largest, most p ...
. and in 1778 was made the
Marshal of the Sejm
The Marshal of the Sejm (, ) is the speaker (chair) of the Sejm, the lower house of the Polish Parliament. The office traces its origins to the 15th century. In modern Poland, the full title is Marshal of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (). ...
. In 1782, he was a supporter of the
Permanent Council. During the
Polish–Russian War of 1792
The Polish–Russian War of 1792 (also, War of the Second Partition, and in Polish sources, War in Defence of the Constitution) was fought between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth on one side, and the Targowica Confederation (conservativ ...
, on a meeting of 23 July, he supported the accession of the king to the
Targowica Confederation
The Targowica Confederation (, , ) was a confederation established by Polish and Lithuanian magnates on 27 April 1792, in Saint Petersburg, with the backing of the Russian Empress Catherine II. The confederation opposed the Constitution of 3 May ...
, whose example Tyszkiewicz himself soon followed, becoming Grand Marshal of Lithuania. During the
Grodno Sejm
Grodno Sejm (; ) was the last Sejm (session of parliament) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Grodno Sejm, held in autumn 1793 in Grodno, Grand Duchy of Lithuania (now Grodno, Belarus) is infamous because its deputies, bribed or coe ...
, he was chosen as a negotiator with the Russian ambassador
Jacob Sievers, and so on 22 July 1793 he signed the treaty of the cession of land to Russia, and then on 25 September to Prussia, as part of the
Second Partition of Poland
The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of partitions of Poland, three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition (politics), partition occurred i ...
. In 1795, he was the leader of the Lithuanian party paying homage to
Catherine II
Catherine II. (born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst; 2 May 172917 November 1796), most commonly known as Catherine the Great, was the reigning empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796. She came to power after overthrowing her husband, Peter III ...
.
On 25 November 1776, he received the
Order of the White Eagle and in 1778 the
Order of St. Stanislaus. Later in 1787 he also received the Russian Orders of
St. Alexander Nevsky and of
St. Andrew
Andrew the Apostle ( ; ; ; ) was an apostle of Jesus. According to the New Testament, he was a fisherman and one of the Apostles in the New Testament, Twelve Apostles chosen by Jesus.
The title First-Called () used by the Eastern Orthodox Chu ...
.
In 1792, he had built the
Tyszkiewicz Palace in Warsaw.
See also
*
Skumin
The Skumin family ( rus, Ску́мин, p=ˈskumʲɪn) is a prominent Lithuanian nobility, Lithuanian, Polish nobility, Polish and Russian nobility, Russian noble family.
Notable people with the surname
*:ru:Скумин-Тышкевич, Але ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tyszkiewicz, Ludwik
1748 births
1808 deaths
Politicians from Vilnius
People from Vilnius Voivodeship
Ludwig Skumin
Secular senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Field Hetmans of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Grand Marshals of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Grand treasurers of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Targowica confederates
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)