Ludwik Skumin Tyszkiewicz (; 1748 – 26 June 1808) was a Polish–Lithuanian nobleman (''

szlachcic The ''szlachta'' (; ; ) were the noble estate of the realm in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Depending on the definition, they were either a warrior "caste" or a social class, a ...

'') and

Field Lithuanian Hetman Field may refer to: Expanses of open ground * Field (agriculture), an area of land used for agricultural purposes * Airfield, an aerodrome that lacks the infrastructure of an airport * Battlefield * Lawn, an area of mowed grass * Meadow, a grass ...

from 1780 to 1791,

Great Lithuanian Treasurer Podskarbi in the Kingdom of Poland and later in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was minister responsible for the treasury. Since 1569 also a senatorial office. The title although meaning treasurer can be deconstructed as "''underingtreasury' ...

from 1791,

Great Lithuanian Marshal Great may refer to: Descriptions or measurements * Great, a relative measurement in physical space, see Size * Greatness, being divine, majestic, superior, majestic, or transcendent People * List of people known as "the Great" * Artel Great (bo ...

from 1793. Member of the

Targowica Confederation The Targowica Confederation (, , ) was a confederation established by Polish and Lithuanian magnates on 27 April 1792, in Saint Petersburg, with the backing of the Russian Empress Catherine II. The confederation opposed the Constitution of 3 May ...

. In 1764, as an envoy from the

Trakai Voivodeship Trakai Voivodeship, Trakai Palatinate, or Troki Voivodeship (, , ), was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1413 until 1795. History Trakai Voivodeship together with Vilnius Voivodeship wa ...

he was an elector for

Stanisław August Poniatowski Stanisław II August (born Stanisław Antoni Poniatowski; 17 January 1732 – 12 February 1798), known also by his regnal Latin name Stanislaus II Augustus, and as Stanisław August Poniatowski (), was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuani ...

, whose niece

Konstancja Poniatowska Princess Konstancja Poniatowska (1759–1830) was a Polish noblewoman from the House of Poniatowski. She was also the niece of King Stanisław August Poniatowski. Konstancja Poniatowska was born on March 2, 1759 in Warsaw, Poland. She was the onl ...

, the daughter of Prince

Kazimierz Poniatowski Prince Kazimierz Poniatowski (15 September 1721 – 13 April 1800) was a Polish nobleperson, ''podkomorzy wielki koronny'' (1742–1773), Lieutenant general of the Royal Polish forces, ''generał wojsk koronnych''. Knight of the Order of th ...

, he married in

Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...

on 4 April 1775. Their daughter Anna married Count

Aleksander Stanisław Potocki Count Aleksander Stanisław Potocki (, 1778–1845) was a szlachta, Polish noble, landowner and politician. He was the senator-castellan of the Congress Poland, Polish Kingdom in 1824 and chamberlain of Napoleon, Napoleon I. He was awarded Or ...

. In 1776, Tyszkiewicz was an envoy to the Sejm from the

Vilnius Voivodeship The Vilnius Voivodeship (, , , ) was one of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania's voivodeships, which existed from the voivodeship's creation in 1413 to the destruction of the Lithuanian state in 1795. This voivodeship was Lithuania's largest, most p ...

. and in 1778 was made the

Marshal of the Sejm The Marshal of the Sejm (, ) is the speaker (chair) of the Sejm, the lower house of the Polish Parliament. The office traces its origins to the 15th century. In modern Poland, the full title is Marshal of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (). ...

. In 1782, he was a supporter of the

Permanent Council The Permanent Council (; ) was the highest administrative authority in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth between 1775 and 1789 and the first modern executive government in Europe. As is still typically the case in contemporary parliamentary p ...

. During the

Polish–Russian War of 1792 The Polish–Russian War of 1792 (also, War of the Second Partition, and in Polish sources, War in Defence of the Constitution) was fought between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth on one side, and the Targowica Confederation (conservativ ...

, on a meeting of 23 July, he supported the accession of the king to the

, whose example Tyszkiewicz himself soon followed, becoming Grand Marshal of Lithuania. During the

Grodno Sejm Grodno Sejm (; ) was the last Sejm (session of parliament) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Grodno Sejm, held in autumn 1793 in Grodno, Grand Duchy of Lithuania (now Grodno, Belarus) is infamous because its deputies, bribed or coe ...

, he was chosen as a negotiator with the Russian ambassador

Jacob Sievers Jacob Johann Graf von Sievers (; 30 August 1731 – 23 July 1808) was a Baltic German statesman of the Russian Empire from the Sievers family. Biography After serving the Russian army during the Seven Years' War as quartermaster general, ...

, and so on 22 July 1793 he signed the treaty of the cession of land to Russia, and then on 25 September to Prussia, as part of the

Second Partition of Poland The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of partitions of Poland, three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition (politics), partition occurred i ...

. In 1795, he was the leader of the Lithuanian party paying homage to

Catherine II Catherine II. (born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst; 2 May 172917 November 1796), most commonly known as Catherine the Great, was the reigning empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796. She came to power after overthrowing her husband, Peter III ...

. On 25 November 1776, he received the Order of the White Eagle and in 1778 the Order of St. Stanislaus. Later in 1787 he also received the Russian Orders of St. Alexander Nevsky and of

St. Andrew Andrew the Apostle ( ; ; ; ) was an apostle of Jesus. According to the New Testament, he was a fisherman and one of the Apostles in the New Testament, Twelve Apostles chosen by Jesus. The title First-Called () used by the Eastern Orthodox Chu ...

. In 1792, he had built the Tyszkiewicz Palace in Warsaw.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tyszkiewicz, Ludwik 1748 births 1808 deaths Politicians from Vilnius People from Vilnius Voivodeship Ludwig Skumin Secular senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Field Hetmans of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Grand Marshals of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Grand treasurers of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Targowica confederates Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)

See also

References