Louvain-la-Neuve Cyclotron
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The Louvain-la-Neuve Cyclotron is a
brutalist Brutalist architecture is an architectural style that emerged during the 1950s in the United Kingdom, among the reconstruction projects of the post-war era. Brutalist buildings are characterised by minimalist constructions that showcase the b ...
architectural complex of the
University of Louvain UCLouvain (or Université catholique de Louvain , French for Catholic University of Louvain, officially in English the University of Louvain) is Belgium's largest French-speaking university and one of the oldest in Europe (originally establishe ...
built from 1970 to 1972 in
Louvain-la-Neuve Louvain-la-Neuve (; French for "New Leuven"; ) is a planned town in the municipality of Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Wallonia, Belgium, situated 30 km southeast of Brussels, in the province of Walloon Brabant. The town was built to house th ...
,
Walloon Brabant Walloon Brabant ( ; ; ) is a province located in Belgium's French-speaking region of Wallonia. It borders on (clockwise from the North) the province of Flemish Brabant (Flemish Region) and the provinces of Liège, Namur and Hainaut. Walloon Br ...
, Belgium, notably holding UCLouvain's CYCLONE
particle accelerator A particle accelerator is a machine that uses electromagnetic fields to propel electric charge, charged particles to very high speeds and energies to contain them in well-defined particle beam, beams. Small accelerators are used for fundamental ...
s. It is the first building completed by the university when it moved following the
Leuven crisis Leuven (, , ), also called Louvain (, , ), is the capital and largest city of the province of Flemish Brabant in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is located about east of Brussels. The municipality itself comprises the sub-municipalities of ...
and was the largest cyclotron in
Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...
at the time of its construction. The Louvain Cyclotron can also refer to Belgium's first cyclotron built in
Louvain Leuven (, , ), also called Louvain (, , ), is the capital and largest city of the province of Flemish Brabant in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is located about east of Brussels. The municipality itself comprises the sub-municipalities of ...
(''Leuven'') in 1947, which was replaced by the Louvain-la-Neuve center. In addition to two particle accelerators of the Cyclotron Research Center, the complex holds the
UCLouvain UCLouvain (or Université catholique de Louvain , French for Catholic University of Louvain, officially in English the University of Louvain) is Belgium's largest French-speaking university and one of the oldest in Europe (originally establishe ...
Schools of Mathematics and Physics and corresponding research institutes, the Centre for Applied Molecular Technologies, the UCLouvain
radiation protection Radiation protection, also known as radiological protection, is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as "The protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and the means for achieving this". Exposu ...
service, a
business incubator A business incubator is an organization that helps startup companies and individual entrepreneurs to develop their businesses by providing a fullscale range of services, starting with management training and office space, and ending with venture ...
and a
shared workspace Coworking is an arrangement in which workers for different companies share an office space. It allows cost savings and convenience through the use of common infrastructures, such as equipment, utilities and receptionist and custodial services, a ...
.


Location

The Cyclotron is located at number 1, Chemin du Cyclotron, East of the city of
Louvain-la-Neuve Louvain-la-Neuve (; French for "New Leuven"; ) is a planned town in the municipality of Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Wallonia, Belgium, situated 30 km southeast of Brussels, in the province of Walloon Brabant. The town was built to house th ...
, between Boulevard Baudouin Ier, Avenue Louis de Geer and the Chemin du Cyclotron, and North of the
Louvain-la-Neuve Science Park Created in 1971, Louvain-la-Neuve Science Park is the first of its kind in Belgium and is the largest in Wallonia (the French-speaking part of Belgium). It covers 231 hectares spread over the area of the municipality of Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve ...
.


History


First cyclotron in Heverlee

After the
Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, under the impetus of Professor Marc de Hemptinne, the
Catholic University of Louvain The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...
began the construction of a cyclotron for the acceleration of
deuterons Deuterium (hydrogen-2, symbol H or D, also known as heavy hydrogen) is one of two stable isotopes of hydrogen; the other is protium, or hydrogen-1, H. The deuterium nucleus (deuteron) contains one proton and one neutron, whereas the far more c ...
in
Heverlee Heverlee () is a sub-municipality of the city of Leuven located in the province of Flemish Brabant, Flemish Region, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1977. On 1 January 1977, it was merged into Leuven. According to the official websit ...
, a suburb of the city of
Louvain Leuven (, , ), also called Louvain (, , ), is the capital and largest city of the province of Flemish Brabant in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is located about east of Brussels. The municipality itself comprises the sub-municipalities of ...
. The Heverlee cyclotron was built in 1947 and inaugurated in 1952. From 1952 to 1959, it was used to produce
radioactive isotopes A radionuclide (radioactive nuclide, radioisotope or radioactive isotope) is a nuclide that has excess numbers of either neutrons or protons, giving it excess nuclear energy, and making it unstable. This excess energy can be used in one of three ...
and
fast neutrons The neutron detection temperature, also called the neutron energy, indicates a free neutron's kinetic energy, usually given in electron volts. The term ''temperature'' is used, since hot, thermal and cold neutrons are moderated in a medium with ...
. Later, the cyclotron was used for the study of
nuclear reaction In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, a nuclear reaction is a process in which two atomic nucleus, nuclei, or a nucleus and an external subatomic particle, collide to produce one or more new nuclides. Thus, a nuclear reaction must cause a t ...
s and for
spectroscopy Spectroscopy is the field of study that measures and interprets electromagnetic spectra. In narrower contexts, spectroscopy is the precise study of color as generalized from visible light to all bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. Spectro ...
of very short-lived states. It was replaced by the research center in Louvain-la-Neuve, where the core of this first Belgian cyclotron is still visible, installed as a monument in front of the new cyclotron. The 6m3 core has been painted red.


Construction of the city of Louvain-la-Neuve

Louvain-la-Neuve undoubtedly ranks as the most ambitious of the cities built from scratch in Belgium. Forced to leave the city of Leuven during the Leuven crisis, the French-speaking part of the Catholic University of Leuven decides to move to a new location in 1968 on an agricultural plateau located North-East of
Ottignies Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve (; ) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant. On January 1, 2006, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve had a total population of 29,521. The total area is 32.96 km2 which giv ...
in Brabant, on the other side of Belgium's official language border, and started the construction of a new university town.


Construction of the Louvain-la-Neuve Cyclotron

As part of this move, the
University of Louvain UCLouvain (or Université catholique de Louvain , French for Catholic University of Louvain, officially in English the University of Louvain) is Belgium's largest French-speaking university and one of the oldest in Europe (originally establishe ...
decided to build a new cyclotron, named CYCLONE (''CYClotron de LOuvain-la-Neuve''). In 1968, Roger Bastin, an architect inspired by the refined line of great names in modernism such as
Le Corbusier Charles-Édouard Jeanneret (6 October 188727 August 1965), known as Le Corbusier ( , ; ), was a Swiss-French architectural designer, painter, urban planner and writer, who was one of the pioneers of what is now regarded as modern architecture ...
in France and
Alvar Aalto Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto (; 3 February 1898 – 11 May 1976) was a Finnish architect and designer. His work includes architecture, furniture, textiles and glassware, as well as sculptures and paintings. He never regarded himself as an artist, see ...
in Finland, provided the ''Université catholique de Louvain'' with a master plan for the
planned city A planned community, planned city, planned town, or planned settlement is any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed on previously undeveloped land. This contrasts with settlements that evolve ...
. Bastin's master plan was not adopted, but in return, he was entrusted with the Cyclotron project, which he and his partners Guy Van Oost and Pierre Lamby would carry out. The Cyclotron is the very first construction site in
Louvain-la-Neuve Louvain-la-Neuve (; French for "New Leuven"; ) is a planned town in the municipality of Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Wallonia, Belgium, situated 30 km southeast of Brussels, in the province of Walloon Brabant. The town was built to house th ...
, and its development begun in 1970, while the foundation stone for the University's new main buildings was not laid until February 2, 1971. The Cyclotron also became the first completed building of Louvain-la-Neuve: its construction ended in 1971 and it was inaugurated in 1972, before the inauguration of the city with its first inhabitants, which happened in October of the same year.


Cyclotron Research Center

The Cyclotron Research Centre was equipped in the early 1970s with a first
particle accelerator A particle accelerator is a machine that uses electromagnetic fields to propel electric charge, charged particles to very high speeds and energies to contain them in well-defined particle beam, beams. Small accelerators are used for fundamental ...
called CYCLONE110, built by
Thomson-CSF Thomson-CSF was a French company that specialized in the development and manufacture of electronics with a heavy focus upon the aerospace and defence sectors of the market. Thomson-CSF was formed in 1968 following the merger of Thomson-Hous ...
in collaboration with the Ateliers de constructions électriques de Charleroi (ACEC) and used for
nuclear physics Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter. Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies th ...
, isotope production, medical and technological applications. A second accelerator, called CYCLONE30, was designed and built by the Cyclotron Research Centre team between 1984 and 1987: mainly designed for industrial and medical applications, it is mainly used for isotope production. Further models of CYCLONE30 were built by
Ion Beam Applications IBA (Ion Beam Applications SA) is a medical technology company based in Louvain-la-Neuve. The company was founded in 1986 by Yves Jongen within the Cyclotron Research Center of the University of Louvain (UCLouvain) and became a university spin- ...
.


Yves Jongen and Ion Beam Applications

The first director of the Cyclotron Research Centre was Yves Jongen, from
Nivelles Nivelles (; ; ) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant. The Nivelles municipality includes the former municipalities of Baulers, Bornival, Thines, and Monstreux. The Nivelles arrondissement ...
, who studied
electronic engineering Electronic engineering is a sub-discipline of electrical engineering that emerged in the early 20th century and is distinguished by the additional use of active components such as semiconductor devices to amplify and control electric current flo ...
at the
Catholic University of Louvain The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...
in the 1960s, extending his studies with a specialization in
nuclear physics Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter. Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies th ...
. In August 1970, Jongen moved to a house located near the future centre of the new city of Louvain-la-Neuve, which was still entirely under construction, which earned him the status of the first inhabitant of Louvain-la-Neuve. As the director of the Cyclotron Research Centre, Yves Jongen had the idea of reducing the size and cost of the particle accelerator, which led him to develop, in the mid-1970s, a cyclotron specially adapted for clinical use leading to the creation of
Ion Beam Applications IBA (Ion Beam Applications SA) is a medical technology company based in Louvain-la-Neuve. The company was founded in 1986 by Yves Jongen within the Cyclotron Research Center of the University of Louvain (UCLouvain) and became a university spin- ...
(IBA) in 1986, which settled in front of the Cyclotron's Eastern Tower. IBA became a
university spin-off University spin-offs (also known as university spin-outs) are companies that transform technological inventions developed from university research that are likely to remain unexploited otherwise. They are a subcategory of research spin-offs. Prom ...
of
UCLouvain UCLouvain (or Université catholique de Louvain , French for Catholic University of Louvain, officially in English the University of Louvain) is Belgium's largest French-speaking university and one of the oldest in Europe (originally establishe ...
.


Heritage status

The Louvain-la-Neuve Cyclotron has received the status of ''Registered monument'' and is included in the Inventory of immovable cultural heritage of the Walloon region under reference 25121-INV-0070-01.


Architecture


Brutalism

While the city centre of
Louvain-la-Neuve Louvain-la-Neuve (; French for "New Leuven"; ) is a planned town in the municipality of Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Wallonia, Belgium, situated 30 km southeast of Brussels, in the province of Walloon Brabant. The town was built to house th ...
is built with only a nod to
brutalist Brutalist architecture is an architectural style that emerged during the 1950s in the United Kingdom, among the reconstruction projects of the post-war era. Brutalist buildings are characterised by minimalist constructions that showcase the b ...
tendencies, the Eastern part of the city, which was first in the city's chronological development, is of clear brutalist architecture. The Cyclotron's off-centre position allowed architect Roger Bastin "to escape the ''Louvain-la-Neuve style'' where Wanlin's Walloon brick, slate roofs, snuff boxes and wooden frames dominate". The Cyclotron's buildings are very representative of the brutalist style, characterized by facades of uncoated raw concrete, whose surfaces often have a texture inherited from
formwork Formwork is Molding (process), molds into which concrete or similar materials are either precast concrete, precast or cast-in-place concrete, cast-in-place. In the context of concrete construction, the falsework supports the shuttering mold ...
wood, leading to raw formwork concrete, retaining the mark of the wooden boards used for molding, their grain and their joint lines. The pavement of the paths surrounding the Cyclotron is made of white concrete pavers known as "Blanc de Bierges", a type of paving stone found throughout the city of Louvain-la-Neuve and that has marked its urban landscape.


Buildings


Structure of the complex

The Cyclotron's architectural complex, which develops around a central garden, consists of three office and laboratory towers (one to the west, which was the first completed, one to the north and one to the east) each 24 meters wide, and several low-rise buildings, housing auditorii up to 110 seats, several classrooms and a medical unit.


The Cyclotron's bunker and laboratories

The Cyclotron itself is a simply designed space with 3 meter thick concrete walls and an accelerator tower which is 16 meters high. The laboratories (''ateliers'') and technical facilities are located a bit lower than the towers. File:Belgique - Brabant wallon - Louvain-la-Neuve - Cyclotron - 09.jpg, The ''ateliers'' (the Cyclotron's technical facilities). File:Belgique - Brabant wallon - Louvain-la-Neuve - Cyclotron - 12.jpg, The accelerator tower. File:Belgique - Brabant wallon - Louvain-la-Neuve - Cyclotron - 11.jpg, The Cyclotron's bunker with 3 meter thick walls.


The North Tower (Marc de Hemptinne building)

The North Tower, called after Marc de Heptinne, one of the university's most famous physicists, is the highest of the three and one of Louvain-la-Neuve's largest buildings. Its five floors and adjacent wings currently house: * the Cyclotron Resource Centre, which tests components with heavy
ion An ion () is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convent ...
,
proton A proton is a stable subatomic particle, symbol , Hydron (chemistry), H+, or 1H+ with a positive electric charge of +1 ''e'' (elementary charge). Its mass is slightly less than the mass of a neutron and approximately times the mass of an e ...
,
neutron The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol or , that has no electric charge, and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton. The Discovery of the neutron, neutron was discovered by James Chadwick in 1932, leading to the discovery of nucle ...
and
Cobalt-60 Cobalt-60 (Co) is a synthetic radioactive isotope of cobalt with a half-life of 5.2714 years. It is produced artificially in nuclear reactors. Deliberate industrial production depends on neutron activation of bulk samples of the monoisotop ...
beams and produces microporous membranes; * the Louvain School of Mathematics and the School of Physics of the Faculty of Science; * the Mathematics and Physics Research Institute; * the Centre for Applied Molecular Technologies at the Institute for Experimental and Clinical Research; * the Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology; * the Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research; * ten auditorii, the largest of which (CYCL01) has 106 seats.


The East Tower

The eastern tower, located in front of the headquarters of
Ion Beam Applications IBA (Ion Beam Applications SA) is a medical technology company based in Louvain-la-Neuve. The company was founded in 1986 by Yves Jongen within the Cyclotron Research Center of the University of Louvain (UCLouvain) and became a university spin- ...
, goes lower than the North Tower, with only three floors. It also houses multiple services, both in the domains of physics and of entrepreneurship & business management, projects associated with the
Louvain School of Management The Louvain School of Management (LSM, formerly IAG) is the international business school of the University of Louvain (UCLouvain), Belgium, founded in 1897. The faculty offers courses on the campuses of Louvain-la-Neuve, UCLouvain FUCaM Mons an ...
: * the Radiation Protection Department of the University of Louvain; * the Business and Innovation Centre (CEI), a
business incubator A business incubator is an organization that helps startup companies and individual entrepreneurs to develop their businesses by providing a fullscale range of services, starting with management training and office space, and ending with venture ...
for
startups A startup or start-up is a company or project undertaken by an Entrepreneurship, entrepreneur to seek, develop, and validate a scalable business model. While entrepreneurship includes all new businesses including self-employment and businesses tha ...
and innovative SMEs; * Yncubator (Young Entrepreneurs Lab), Louvain-la-Neuve's incubator for student-led projects; * the Louvain Coworking Space.


Public art around the Cyclotron


Science Park sculptures

The
Louvain-la-Neuve Science Park Created in 1971, Louvain-la-Neuve Science Park is the first of its kind in Belgium and is the largest in Wallonia (the French-speaking part of Belgium). It covers 231 hectares spread over the area of the municipality of Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve ...
, which stretches just behind de Cyclotron, shows a rich collection of public artworks.


1970s and 1980s

In 1976, artist R.M. Lovell-Cooper created a stainless steel sculpture for company Afine: entitled ''Affinités'', the sculpture stands at n° 10 rue du Bosquet and "evokes two hands raised towards the sky, the ends of which are trying to get closer". At n° 15 on the same street stands a bronze sculpture on a rough stone base entitled ''L'Endormie VI'', created in 1980 by the Belgian sculptor
Olivier Strebelle Olivier Strebelle (20 January 1927 – 29 July 2017) was a Belgian sculptor. Strebelle was a prolific artist for more than 65 years, and his works are found in private collections and public settings around the world. His monumental (usually b ...
for company Cyanamid Benelux. At n° 4, at the corner formed with the rue du Bosquet, Hubert Minnebo's 1988 sculpture in hammered and welded copper entitled ''Bien motivés, ils symbolisèrent leur rayonnement''. File:Belgique - Louvain-la-Neuve - Affinités - 01.jpg, ''Affinités'', Lovell-Cooper (1976). File:Belgique - Louvain-la-Neuve - L'Endormie VI - 01.jpg, ''L'Endormie VI'',
Olivier Strebelle Olivier Strebelle (20 January 1927 – 29 July 2017) was a Belgian sculptor. Strebelle was a prolific artist for more than 65 years, and his works are found in private collections and public settings around the world. His monumental (usually b ...
(1980). File:Belgique - Louvain-la-Neuve - Bien motivés - 03.jpg, ''Bien motivés, ils symbolisèrent leur rayonnement'', Hubert Minnebo (1988).


Sculptures from the 1990s

In front of the headquarters of
Ion Beam Applications IBA (Ion Beam Applications SA) is a medical technology company based in Louvain-la-Neuve. The company was founded in 1986 by Yves Jongen within the Cyclotron Research Center of the University of Louvain (UCLouvain) and became a university spin- ...
(n° 6 avenue Jean-Étienne Lenoir) inaugurated in 1991, Italian artist Mauro Staccioli erected a
Corten steel Weathering steel, often referred to by the genericised trademark COR-TEN steel and sometimes written without the hyphen as corten steel, is a group of steel alloys that form a stable external layer of rust that eliminates the need for painti ...
sculpture of about 6 metres in diameter entitled ''Anneau''
ing Ing, ING or ing may refer to: Art and media * '' ...ing'', a 2003 Korean film * i.n.g, a Taiwanese girl group * The Ing, a race of dark creatures in the 2004 video game '' Metroid Prime 2: Echoes'' * "Ing", the first song on The Roches' 199 ...
For IBA, the Italian artist chose the symbolism of the circle: "With the specificity of IBA's activity, I think it is relevant to establish a link between form and content that finds, in the geometric form, the beauty of the rational and the essence of research". ''Regard de Lumière'', set up in 1993, is Charles Delporte's flagship artwork: "This piece is my torch, my jewel". According to critics Christophe Dosogne and Wivine de Traux, "this sculpture, created in 1948, can be found in Moscow, Paris, Namur, Brussels and Damme, in different materials and sizes". Here in
Louvain-la-Neuve Louvain-la-Neuve (; French for "New Leuven"; ) is a planned town in the municipality of Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Wallonia, Belgium, situated 30 km southeast of Brussels, in the province of Walloon Brabant. The town was built to house th ...
, where it stands at n° 4 Albert Einstein Avenue, it is made of bronze skated on a polyester base and "represents the trinity of the theological virtues: faith, hope and charity". In 1998, Marie-Paule Haar installed an untitled sculpture at n° 1 Albert Einstein Avenue, consisting of a 5 meter high powder-coated aluminum structure. Standing on the parking lot of the Louvain-la-Neuve driving test centre, the sculpture refers to a motorway interchange loop. In front of n° 15 Albert Einstein Avenue stands a 2 meter high bronze sculpture on blue stone entitled ''Le Porteur d'eau'', created by Thérèse Chotteau in 1999 for Realco. "The man placed in balance on the inclined space of the support carries on his shoulder a bronze wavy line representing water. Thérèse Chotteau's water carrier echoes Realco's activity, which produces enzymes and bacteria for water purification." File:Belgique - Louvain-la-Neuve - IBA - Mauro Staccioli - Anneau - 02.jpg, ''Anneau'', Mauro Staccioli (1960s). File:Belgique - Louvain-la-Neuve - Regard de Lumière - 01.jpg, ''Regard de Lumière'', Charles Delporte (1993). File:Belgique - Louvain-la-Neuve - Marie-Paule Haar - 01.jpg, ''Untitled'', Marie-Paule Haar (1998). File:Belgique - Louvain-la-Neuve - Porteur d'eau - 02.jpg, ''Le Porteur d'eau'', Thérèse Chotteau (1999).


Sculptures from the 2000s

At the corner of avenue Albert Einstein and avenue Jean-Étienne Lenoir, at the foot of the
postmodern Postmodernism encompasses a variety of artistic, cultural, and philosophical movements that claim to mark a break from modernism. They have in common the conviction that it is no longer possible to rely upon previous ways of depicting the wo ...
New Tech Center building (DSW Architects, 1999), Vinciane Renard created the artwork ''Valentin'', a bronze sculpture, in 2000. At n° 1 rue du Bosquet, also in the year 2000, artist Roxane Enescu erected ''Lapte'', a
titanium Titanium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Found in nature only as an oxide, it can be reduced to produce a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength, resistant to corrosion in ...
sculpture promoted by company Fasska. According to the artist, "This open, ascending and evolving circle is a metallic surface element made of titanium sheet that wraps itself around a space inhabited by human beings (...). This essential curve suggests the pregnant woman's stomach, the cradle, softness, well-being". Many stylized figures have been carved from metal. ''Patience'' is a sculpture in black Denée marble and crinoid limestone created in 2005 by
Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
n-born artist Marian Sava for company Immosc (located at n° 7 rue du Bosquet). ''La Découverte''
he Discovery He or HE may refer to: Language * He (letter), the fifth letter of the Semitic abjads * He (pronoun), a pronoun in Modern English * He (kana), one of the Japanese kana (へ in hiragana and ヘ in katakana) * Ge (Cyrillic), a Cyrillic letter call ...
made in 2005 by Luc Vanhonnacker at n° 13, avenue Albert Einstein, reveals fragments of the human body gushing out of the blue stone. ''In search of the lost star'' or ''Scrutateur d'étoiles'', created in 2006 by Philip Aguirre y Otegui for Interscience at n° 2 avenue Jean-Étienne Lenoir is a 3 meter high concrete sculpture. At the corner of the avenue Albert Einstein and rue Louis De Geer, Geneviève Vastrade erected a kind of
totem A totem (from or ''doodem'') is a spirit being, sacred object, or symbol that serves as an emblem of a group of people, such as a family, clan, lineage (anthropology), lineage, or tribe, such as in the Anishinaabe clan system. While the word ...
pole made of an old stone agricultural roller. This scroll engraved with letters, some of which are carved upside down evokes both the agricultural land on which
Louvain-la-Neuve Louvain-la-Neuve (; French for "New Leuven"; ) is a planned town in the municipality of Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Wallonia, Belgium, situated 30 km southeast of Brussels, in the province of Walloon Brabant. The town was built to house th ...
is built and the scrolls of the presses used in printing plants, such as the Denef printer and publisher in front of which the sculpture stands. With his
steel Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon that demonstrates improved mechanical properties compared to the pure form of iron. Due to steel's high Young's modulus, elastic modulus, Yield (engineering), yield strength, Fracture, fracture strength a ...
sheet sculpture ''L'Alu Blister'', created in 2007 at n° 5 rue du Bosquet, Vincent Strebell chose to refer to the activity of sponsoring firm Constantia, specialized in printing aluminium foils for the
pharmaceutical industry The pharmaceutical industry is a medical industry that discovers, develops, produces, and markets pharmaceutical goods such as medications and medical devices. Medications are then administered to (or self-administered by) patients for curing ...
. File:Belgique - Louvain-la-Neuve - Valentin - 02.jpg, ''Valentin'', Vinciane Renard (2000). File:Belgique - Louvain-la-Neuve - Lapte - 01.jpg, ''Lapte'', Roxane Enescu (2000). File:Belgique - Louvain-la-Neuve - Patience - 01.jpg, ''Patience'', Marian Sava (2005). File:Belgique - Louvain-la-Neuve - La découverte (Luc Van H) - 01.jpg, ''La Découverte'', Luc Vanhonnacker (2005). File:Belgique - Louvain-la-Neuve - À la recherche de l'étoile perdue - 01.jpg, ''À la recherche de l'étoile perdue'', Philip Aguirre (2006). File:Belgique - Louvain-la-Neuve - Rouleau (Vastrade) - 01.jpg, ''Untitled'', Geneviève Vastrade (2006). File:Belgique - Louvain-la-Neuve - Alu Blister - 01.jpg, ''Alu Blister'', Vincent Strebell (2007).


References

{{Universities of Louvain
Cyclotron A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator invented by Ernest Lawrence in 1929–1930 at the University of California, Berkeley, and patented in 1932. Lawrence, Ernest O. ''Method and apparatus for the acceleration of ions'', filed: Januar ...
Cyclotron A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator invented by Ernest Lawrence in 1929–1930 at the University of California, Berkeley, and patented in 1932. Lawrence, Ernest O. ''Method and apparatus for the acceleration of ions'', filed: Januar ...
Cyclotron A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator invented by Ernest Lawrence in 1929–1930 at the University of California, Berkeley, and patented in 1932. Lawrence, Ernest O. ''Method and apparatus for the acceleration of ions'', filed: Januar ...
Cyclotron A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator invented by Ernest Lawrence in 1929–1930 at the University of California, Berkeley, and patented in 1932. Lawrence, Ernest O. ''Method and apparatus for the acceleration of ions'', filed: Januar ...
Accelerator physics
UCLouvain UCLouvain (or Université catholique de Louvain , French for Catholic University of Louvain, officially in English the University of Louvain) is Belgium's largest French-speaking university and one of the oldest in Europe (originally establishe ...