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The Loiyumpa Silyel (
Modern Meitei Meitei (; ) also known as Manipuri ), is a Tibeto-Burman language of northeast India. It is the official language and the lingua franca of Manipur and an additional official language in four districts of Assam. It is one of the scheduled ...
: "Loiyumba Sinyen"), also termed as the Loyumpa Silyel (
Modern Meitei Meitei (; ) also known as Manipuri ), is a Tibeto-Burman language of northeast India. It is the official language and the lingua franca of Manipur and an additional official language in four districts of Assam. It is one of the scheduled ...
: "Loyumba Sinyen") or the Loiyumpa Shilyel (
Modern Meitei Meitei (; ) also known as Manipuri ), is a Tibeto-Burman language of northeast India. It is the official language and the lingua franca of Manipur and an additional official language in four districts of Assam. It is one of the scheduled ...
: "Loiyumba Shinyen") or the Loyumpa Shilyel (
Modern Meitei Meitei (; ) also known as Manipuri ), is a Tibeto-Burman language of northeast India. It is the official language and the lingua franca of Manipur and an additional official language in four districts of Assam. It is one of the scheduled ...
: "Loyumba Shinyen") or the Loyumba Sinyen (), is an 11th-12th century
ancient Meitei language Meitei (; ) also known as Manipuri ), is a Tibeto-Burman language of northeast India. It is the official language and the lingua franca of Manipur and an additional official language in four districts of Assam. It is one of the constit ...
written
constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity, and commonly determines how that entity is to be governed. When these pri ...
, regulated in the Ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur) during the rule of King Loiyumba (1074-1122 CE). In 1110 CE, its format was finalised from a
promulgation Promulgation is the formal proclamation or the declaration that a new statute, statutory or administrative law is enacted after its final Enactment of a bill, approval. In some jurisdiction (area), jurisdictions, this additional step is necessary ...
of the proto-constitution, drafted in 429 CE by King
Naophangba Meidingu Naophangba () was a Meetei ruler of Ningthouja dynasty of Ancient Manipur ( Antique Kangleipak). He is the successor of Naokhamba and the predecessor of Sameiraang. He promulgated a proto-Constitution in 429 AD, which later grew into ...
. Historically, it is the first written constitution, and one of the well recorded
Ancient Meitei language Meitei (; ) also known as Manipuri ), is a Tibeto-Burman language of northeast India. It is the official language and the lingua franca of Manipur and an additional official language in four districts of Assam. It is one of the constit ...
texts of the kingdom. It was replaced by the
Manipur State Constitution Act 1947 Manipur State Constitution Act 1947 is an act which enabled the princely state of Manipur to have a ''de jure'' written constitution enacted by the last Maharajah of Manipur, Bodhchandra Singh. Under the constitution, a Legislative Assembly wa ...
, that was functional until
Manipur Manipur () is a state in northeastern India with Imphal as its capital. It borders the Indian states of Assam to the west, Mizoram to the south, and Nagaland to the north and shares the international border with Myanmar, specifically t ...
was merged into
Republic of India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area; the most populous country since 2023; and, since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by ...
on October 15, 1949. It includes the accounts of the distribution of the duties to the subjects of the king. Its rules and regulations remains to be an authoritative work in the Meitei social system till the present day
Manipur Manipur () is a state in northeastern India with Imphal as its capital. It borders the Indian states of Assam to the west, Mizoram to the south, and Nagaland to the north and shares the international border with Myanmar, specifically t ...
. The Loiyumpa Silyel also mentions about the
Meitei royal etiquette Meitei royal etiquette is the traditional system of conduct and ceremonial protocol observed in the royal court of the Meitei people (also known as Manipuris) of Kangleipak (Manipur Kingdom). It encompasses prescribed forms of speech, dress, po ...
.Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993. p. 7–11


Families accustomed to worship deities

According to the Loiyumpa Silyel Constitution, 1. Heirom family worships Meireima.Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993. p. 7–11 2. Irom family worships Khanglangba. 3. Sorelsangbam family worships Shorarel (heaven). 4. Sharang Leishangthem family worships Lammabee. 5. Sharotkhaibam family worships Phouoibi (goddess for paddy). 6. Potshangbam family worships Shanglang-mei (Kangla). 7. Moirang Pukhrambam family worships Kutchu (Wayenshang). 8. Shoubam family worships Mawao Leima. 9. Heishnam family worships Panthoibi (most adored Meetei goddess). 10. Khoisanam family worships Pet-angnga. 11. Taibangjam family worships Laikhurembee. 12. Konthoujam family worships Huimureima. 13. Ashangbam family worships Lainaotabi. 14. Chingkhwam family worships Nungthelleima. 15. Arambam family worships Shoubonleima. 16. Yenkhom Phisabam family worships Awangba (deity Lai-wangba). 17. Luwangshangbam family worships Luwaang Ching. 18. Sinam Laishangbam family worships Lainingthou. 19. Moirangthem Puthem family worships Puthiba. 20. Mangsatabam family worships Pureiromba. 21. Langmaithem family worships Tenlongba. 22. Ngarangyanpam family worships Thongak. 23. Nakalbam family worships Chingkol-Ningthou. 24. Khuraijam family worships Chingbal Leima. 25. Meiyengbam family worships Yaoreibi. 26. Leishangthem family worships Koubarel. 27. Ningthoujam family worships Numitleima. 28. Pukkalabam family worships Koubru. 29. Chenglei-Laishangbam family worships Marjing. 30. Moirangthem family worships Moirang Phaktom Ariba. 31. Kangpucham family worships Hongnemyoi Khunjao. 32. Chingkhalbam family worships Chinga. 33. Longjam Pheiroijam family worships Langjing. 34. Tekcham family worships Langgol. 35. Nongmaithem family worships Langmaicheeng (Nongmaijing). 36. Ningthoujam family worships Chinga Leima. 37. Heithou and Khongtekcham families worship Langching Hiyangthou Leima. 38. Thaopicham family worships Yumjao Lairemma.


Family wise obligations of the Maiba priesthood

According to the Loiyumpa Silyel Constitution,Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993. p. 7–11 1. Asheibam family is responsible for attending to the cleansing of the monarch. 2. Aram-bam family is responsible for taking care of the bathe. 3. Toibicham family is responsible for playing the Tharaochi (Meetei musical instrument). 4. Arupam (Arubam) family is responsible for maintaining cleanliness and purity. 5. Aheibam family is responsible for making the Pukhamnati (plate with decorated rim). 6. Loukham family is responsible for drawing the Meiba (Meetei device to produce fire). 7. Maibathiyam family is responsible for throwing the Shingkhai (Meetei prognostication-device) and entering the trance of dream. 8. Meihoubam family is responsible for igniting the fire. 9. Meiphuwam family is responsible for blowing in the fire. 10. Tokpam family is responsible for digging in the soil. 11. Tokpuram (Tokpram) and Thangsabam families are responsible for piling up the earth. 12. Naoroibam family is responsible for taking the baby in custody. 13. Ngathem family is responsible for calling the Ngami (beckoning the fishes). 14. Shingkhangpam family is responsible for fetching the dry wood fuels. 15. Haomukpam family is responsible for making the phak (mattress for sitting). 16. Khoirisungbam family is responsible for weaving the Khoiriphi (Meetei cloth). 17. Khoiriyanpam family is responsible for severing the umbilical cord. 18. Lairencham family is responsible for washing the black clothes. 19. Thoupicham family is responsible for managing the plantain leaves. 20. Leishaonbam family is responsible for making the boats. 21. Yelwam family is responsible for taking in the hen. 22. Nganukappam family is responsible for looking after the Nganu (duck). 23. Khugolthem family is responsible for carrying back the hameng (goats). 24. Okrambam family is responsible for taking back the Ok (pig). 25. Waleppam (Wareppam) family is responsible for adoring the bamboo. 26. Maibam family is responsible for invoking the Chupshaba (priest’s invocation for cessation of recurrent deaths). 27. Ngangom family is responsible for throwing the Konyai (gold and silver device used by the priest). 28. Yenkokpam family is responsible for descending the yerum (egg) to the earth (forecast device). 29. Khumukcham family is responsible for taming the tiger. 30. Khaidem family is responsible for supervising the body under cremation. 31. Amakcham family is responsible for taking hold of the bow and arrow. 32. Mangshatabam family is responsible for supervising the grave. 33. Wanglenbam family is responsible for beating the drum. 34. Kabrambam family is responsible for managing the Leishoupung (mount of aerated soil). 35. Kontenakathang priest family is responsible for preparing the Chup for the deity. 36. Shoukrakpam family is responsible for making the chaphuwalong (pot). 37. Ngaseppam family is responsible for slicing the fishes. 38. Thingnongchaorong priest family is responsible for worshipping the Lainingthouhanba.


Duties of the Tampak Maiba groups (people's priests)

According to the Loiyumpa Silyel Constitution,Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993. p. 7–11 1. Khabalangthangchakaba Wamaiba group is responsible for idolizing the Naohal Ahalba (sylvan deity). 2. Jagoiwa priest group is responsible for deifying the Koubarel. 3. Langmei priest (Luwang Maiba) group is responsible for worshipping the Chakhaba. 4. Thongnangkaipiya priest group is responsible for deifying the Muwaningthou. 5. Khayoipariyang priest group is responsible for worshipping the Marjing. 6. Loiyamsanggai priest group is responsible for glorifying the Koubru. 7. Asheibam group is responsible for chanting sanalamok (hymn for deities). 8. Ashem Ngakhakhoi group is responsible for chanting the Yakei Eshei (Yakairol). 9. Paobam group is responsible for listening to the message of god at Paodahidel. 10. Laishram group is responsible for paying service to the Santhong. 11. Lantham group is responsible for singing the Lalpha song (song regarding victory in war). 12. Khraijam group is responsible for looking after the Khraithong (gate). 13. Akhongbam group is responsible for beating the Khong (musical instrument used in Chakpa sylvan festival). 14. Mutum group is responsible for idolizing the Lalhampung (Lalambung). 15. Thingnam group is responsible for deifying the Ukrong. 16. Shingkham group is responsible for singing the Langmairol. 17. Thongam group is responsible for singing the Ahonglon (song for the god Sanamahi). 18. Shoraisham group is responsible for singing the Khoichulamok lamkok (song in the sylvan festival). 19. Chandam group is responsible for singing the Khongchinglon (for the festival of Moirang Thangjing). 20. Thiyam group is responsible for adoring the boat. 21. Apucham group is responsible for paying homage to Pukshri (a paddy-eating worm in the field). 22. Nongpokpam group is responsible for invoking the rain god. 23. Waikhom group is responsible for gathering the husk. 24. Akoijam group is responsible for singing the hymn of Mikol (a song that harmonizes the soul and spirit). 25. Salam group is responsible for idolizing the Langmaiching (Nongmaijing mountain) and acting the role of Tangkhul Sharam Pakhangba (Nongpokningthou-king of the east). 26. Hidam group is responsible for making the Sanaliphak (royal mattress). 27. Khamnam group is responsible for offering the Khamnungcheiyom (offering at the royal grave). 28. Amaipi group is responsible for offering the Leiraiyu (offering to the local deity). 29. Nongton Amaibi group is responsible for dipping in the Laija Phuhing (offering of Khayomlapkpa by use of unburnt earthen pot). 30. Phura Amaibi group is responsible for entering the trance of Phura Laiyum and listening to the Mang (Meetei way of receiving oracle through the Maibis, white robed).


See also

*
Cyrus the Great Cyrus II of Persia ( ; 530 BC), commonly known as Cyrus the Great, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire. Achaemenid dynasty (i. The clan and dynasty) Hailing from Persis, he brought the Achaemenid dynasty to power by defeating the Media ...
*
Hammurabi Hammurabi (; ; ), also spelled Hammurapi, was the sixth Amorite king of the Old Babylonian Empire, reigning from to BC. He was preceded by his father, Sin-Muballit, who abdicated due to failing health. During his reign, he conquered the ci ...
*
Magna Carta (Medieval Latin for "Great Charter"), sometimes spelled Magna Charta, is a royal charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Cardin ...


References


External links

{{Authority control Meitei culture Manipur Kingdom History of Manipur Constitutions