monarch A monarch () is a head of stateWebster's II New College Dictionary. "Monarch". Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 2001. p. 707. Life tenure, for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest ...

queens regnant A queen regnant (: queens regnant) is a female monarch, equivalent in rank, title and position to a king. She reigns ''suo jure'' (in her own right) over a realm known as a kingdom; as opposed to a queen consort, who is married to a reigning ...

pharaohs Pharaoh (, ; Egyptian: '' pr ꜥꜣ''; Meroitic: 𐦲𐦤𐦧, ; Biblical Hebrew: ''Parʿō'') was the title of the monarch of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty () until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Republic in 30 BCE. However, ...

queens consort A queen consort is the wife of a reigning king, and usually shares her spouse's social Imperial, royal and noble ranks, rank and status. She holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles and may be crowned and anointed, but hi ...

regent In a monarchy, a regent () is a person appointed to govern a state because the actual monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge their powers and duties, or the throne is vacant and a new monarch has not yet been dete ...

list of regents A regent is a person selected to act as head of state (ruling or not) because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. The following is a list of regents throughout history. Regents in extant monarchies Those who held a regency b ...

Oceania Oceania ( , ) is a region, geographical region including Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Outside of the English-speaking world, Oceania is generally considered a continent, while Mainland Australia is regarded as its co ...

queens regnant A queen regnant (: queens regnant) is a female monarch, equivalent in rank, title and position to a king. She reigns ''suo jure'' (in her own right) over a realm known as a kingdom; as opposed to a queen consort, who is married to a reigning ...

Canary Islands The Canary Islands (; ) or Canaries are an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean and the southernmost Autonomous communities of Spain, Autonomous Community of Spain. They are located in the northwest of Africa, with the closest point to the cont ...

Peraza family The Peraza family was a Castilian noble family of conquistadors, territorial lords, counts, and governors that were a significant force in the history and conquest of the Canary Islands during the Age of Discovery in the fifteenth and sixteenth ce ...

Kingdom of the Canary Islands The Kingdom of the Canary Islands () was a vassal state of the Crown of Castile located in North Africa, lasting from 1404 to 1450. First contact by Europeans Apart from earlier contact by Romans, one of the first known Europeans to have encoun ...

list of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown The current Constitution of Spain, Spanish constitution refers to the Monarchy of Spain, monarchy as "The Crown" and the constitutional title of the monarch is simply ''rey/reina de España'':Constitution, article 56(2) that is, "king/queen of ...

Twelfth dynasty The Twelfth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty XII) is a series of rulers reigning from 1991–1802 BC (190 years), at what is often considered to be the apex of the Middle Kingdom (Dynasties XI–XIV). The dynasty periodically expanded its terr ...

Neithhotep Neithhotep or Neith-hotep () was an ancient Egyptian queen consort who lived and ruled during the early First Dynasty. Archeological evidence may indicate that she may have ruled as pharaoh in her own right, and as such would have been the earl ...

Merneith Merneith (also written Merit-neith and Meryt-Neith; died 2950 BC) was a consort and a regent of Ancient Egypt during the First Dynasty. She may have been a ruler of Egypt in her own right, based on several official records. If this was the ...

Khentkaus I Khentkaus I, also referred to as Khentkawes () was a royal woman who lived in ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt () was a cradle of civilization concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in Northeast Africa. It emerged from prehist ...

Arsinoe II Arsinoë II (, 316 BC – between 270 and 268 BC) was Queen consort of Thrace, Anatolia, and Macedonia by her first and second marriage, to king Lysimachus and king Ptolemy Keraunos respectively, and then Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egy ...

Berenice II Berenice II Euergetis (267 or 266 – 221 BCE; , '' Berenikē Euergetis'', "Berenice the Benefactress") was queen regnant of Cyrenaica from 258 to 246 BCE and queen of Ptolemaic Egypt from 246 to 222 BCE as the wife of Ptolemy III. She is sometim ...

Arsinoe III Arsinoe III Philopator (, ''Arsinóē hē Philopátо̄r'', meaning "Arsinoe the father-loving", 246 or 245 BC – 204 BC) was Queen of Ptolemaic Egypt in 220 – 204 BC. She was a daughter of Ptolemy III and Berenice II and spouse of her brothe ...

Cleopatra I Cleopatra Thea Epiphanes Syra (; c. 204 – 176 BC), well known as Cleopatra I or Cleopatra Syra, was a princess of the Seleucid Empire, Queen of Ptolemaic Egypt by marriage to Ptolemy V of Egypt from 193 BC, and regent of Egypt during the ...

Queen of the Gambia Elizabeth II was Queen of The Gambia from 1965 to 1970, when the Gambia was an independent sovereign state and a constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth of Nations. She was also the monarch of the other Commonwealth realms, including the ...

Orango Orango is one of the Bijagós Islands, located off the coast of mainland Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau, officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, is a country in West Africa that covers with an estimated population of 2,026,778. It borders ...

Canhabaque Roxa
in the Catalogue of Islands at Idiana Ibop, also known as Juliana (reigned ?–1925)

= Côte d'Ivoire

= Baoule * Pokou (reigned ) – Queen and founder of the Baoule tribe. *

Akwa Boni Akwa Boni (c. 1708 - died c. 1790), was a sovereign Queen of the Baoulé people. The niece of Queen Pokou, she inherited the throne in around 1760 and ruled until her death in about 1790. She expanded the territory of the Baoulé, crossing the Ba ...

(reigned ) – Pokou's niece who succeeded her to the throne.

= Liberia

= * Famata Bendu, queen of the

Vai people The Vai are Mandé peoples that live mostly in Liberia, with a small minority living in south-eastern Sierra Leone. The Vai are known for their indigenous writing system known as the Vai syllabary, developed in the 1820s by Momolu Duwalu Bukele an ...

(reigned ?–1892)

= Mali

=

Mali Empire The Mali Empire (Manding languages, Manding: ''Mandé''Ki-Zerbo, Joseph: ''UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV, Abridged Edition: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century'', p. 57. University of California Press, 1997. or ''Manden ...

* Kassi (reigned ?–1352/1353), co-ruler with Mansa Sulayman

= Nigeria

=

Akure Kingdom The Akure Kingdom is a traditional state with headquarters in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. It is the successor to an ancient Yoruba city state of the same name. The ruler bears the title "Deji of Akure". Location Akure is located in southwester ...

* Èyé Àró (reigned 1393–1419) * Èyémọ̀ị́n (reigned 1705–1735) * Amọ́robíòjò (reigned 1850–1851)

Daura Daura is a town and local government area in Katsina State, northern Nigeria. It is the spiritual home of the Hausa people. The emirate is referred to as one of the "seven true Hausa states" ( Hausa Bakwai) because it was(along with Biram, K ...

The title "Kabara" was used by female monarchs who ruled over the

Hausa people The Hausa (Endonym, autonyms for singular: Bahaushe (male, m), Bahaushiya (female, f); plural: Hausawa and general: Hausa; exonyms: Ausa; Ajami script, Ajami: ) are a native ethnic group in West Africa. They speak the Hausa language, which is the ...

in the Middle Ages. A line of matriarchal monarchs is recorded in the ''

Kano Chronicle The ''Kano Chronicle'' (Arabic: تاريخ أرباب هذا البلاد المصممة كان; ''The history of the masters of this country it was designed'') is an Arabic-language manuscript that lists the rulers of Kano. Summary The ''Kano ...

'' that ends with the reign of

Daurama Daurama () or Magajiya Daurama () (fl. 9th century) was a ruler of the Hausa people who, as the Last Kabara of Daura, presided over the upheaval that saw a transference of power from the matriarchal royal system. Oral traditions remember her a ...

in the 9th century. These queens reigned from to . * Kufuru * Ginu * Yakumo * Yakunya * Wanzamu * Yanbamu * Gizir-gizir * Inna-Gari * Daurama * Ga-Wata * Shata * Fatatuma * Sai-Da-Mata * Ja-Mata * Ha-Mata * Zama * Sha-Wata *

Daurama Daurama () or Magajiya Daurama () (fl. 9th century) was a ruler of the Hausa people who, as the Last Kabara of Daura, presided over the upheaval that saw a transference of power from the matriarchal royal system. Oral traditions remember her a ...

II

Federation of Nigeria The Federation of Nigeria was a predecessor to modern-day Nigeria from 1954 to 1963. It was a British protectorate until its independence on 1 October 1960. British rule of Colonial Nigeria ended in 1960, when the ''Nigeria Independence Act 196 ...

* Elizabeth II,

Queen of Nigeria Queen most commonly refers to: * Queen regnant, a female monarch of a kingdom * Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king * Queen (band), a British rock band Queen or QUEEN may also refer to: Monarchy * Queen dowager, the widow of a king * Q ...

(reigned 1960–1963)

Ifẹ Ifẹ̀ (, ''Ilé-Ifẹ̀'') is an ancient Yoruba people, Yoruba city in south-western Nigeria founded sometime between the years 1000 BC and 500 BC. By 900, 900 AD, the city had become an important West African emporium producing sophisticate ...

*

Ooni Luwoo Ooni Lúwo Gbàgìdá (sometimes spelled as Luwo) was the 21st Ooni of Ife, a paramount traditional ruler of Ile Ife, the ancestral home of the Yorubas in the 10th century. She was the daughter or a descendant of Ooni Otaataa from Owode compou ...

(reigned in the 10th century)

Igala Kingdom Anẹ Igáláà (Igala Land), also known as the Igala Kingdom, is a Traditional pre-colonial West African state, located at the eastern region of the confluence of River Niger and River Benue in the Middle Belt or North-central of Nigeria. T ...

* Ebulejonu, also known as Ebule (reigned in the 16th century)

Igodomigodo Igodomigodo was an ancient Edo kingdom in modern-day southern Nigeria ruled by the Ogiso monarchy. History Legendary origins The Edo tradition of origin holds that initially there was no land on earth. Accordingly, Osanobua requested three ...

* Emose (reigned 584–600) * Orrorro (reigned 600–618) Kumbwada
Kumbwada has been ruled by women for at least six successive generations. * Magajiya Maimuna * Hajiya Maimuna (reignd –1998) – grandmother of Hajiya Haidzatu Ahmed * Hajiya Haidzatu Ahmed (reignd 1998–2021) * Idris (reignd 2021–) – daughter of Hajiya Haidzatu Ahmed

Ondo Kingdom The Ondo Kingdom is a traditional state that traces its origins back for over 500 years, with its capital in Ode Ondo. Ondo Kingdom was established by Princess Pupupu, one of the twins of Alafin Oluaso. Her mother was Queen Olu who later di ...

* Pupupu, founder and ruler of the

Ondo Kingdom The Ondo Kingdom is a traditional state that traces its origins back for over 500 years, with its capital in Ode Ondo. Ondo Kingdom was established by Princess Pupupu, one of the twins of Alafin Oluaso. Her mother was Queen Olu who later di ...

.

Oyo Empire The Oyo Empire was a Yoruba people, Yoruba empire in West Africa. It was located in present-day western Nigeria (including the South West (Nigeria), South West zone, Benin Republic, and the western half of the North Central (Nigeria), North Cent ...

*

Orompoto Orompoto (also spelled Oronpoto) was an Alaafin of the Yoruba Oyo Empire, the first female Alaafin to be precise. The empire of which she ruled is located in what is modern day western and north-central Nigeria. History Orompoto was the sister of ...

(reigned –1575) – Succeeded her brother

Eguguojo Eguguojo (also known as Egunoju) was the Alaafin of Oyo during the sixteenth century. It was during his reign that the capital city was moved from Oyo ile to Oyo Igboho (New Oyo), after a protracted battle with the Nupes and also as a result of in ...

to the throne.

Zazzau The Kingdom of Zazzau, also known as the Zaria Emirate, is a traditional state with headquarters in the city of Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The current emir of Zazzau is Ahmed Nuhu Bamalli CFR, who succeeded the former emir, late Alhaji Sheh ...

*

Amina Amina (or Aminah) is the loose transcription of two different Arabic female given names: * ʾĀmina (Arabic: آمنة, also anglicized as ''Aaminah'' or ''Amna'') meaning "safe one, protected" * ʾAmīna (Arabic: أمينة, also anglicized as ''Am ...

– There is controversy among scholars as to the date of her reign, one school placing her in the mid-15th century, and a second placing her reign in the mid to late 16th century.

= Senegal

=

Lingeer Lingeer (also: ''Linger'' or Linguère) was the title given to the mother or sister of a king in the Serer kingdoms of Sine, Saloum, and previously the Kingdom of Baol; and the Wolof kingdoms of Cayor, Jolof, Baol and Waalo in pre-colonial S ...

's leadership activities were carried out at the highest tier, as a co-monarch. * Lingeer *

Lingeer Fatim Beye Lingeer Fatim Beye Joos FadiouMany variations : ''Fatimata Beye'' (see BIFAN, 1979, pp 225, 233), ''Fatim/Fatimata Beye'' (see BIFAN, 1979, p 234), ''Fatime Bey'' (BIFAN, 1979, p 234), etc. The Serer surname ''Beye'' or ''Bèye'', following i ...

(reigned ) *

Lingeer Ndoye Demba Linguere Ndoye Demba Joos Fadiou, also known as Ndoye Demba in Senegambian dynastic history, was a Serer princess from the Kingdom of Sine (now part of present-day Senegal), from the later half of the 14th century to the 15th century. The royal ...

(reigned ) – she was the founder of the Serer Joos Maternal Dynasty *

Lingeer Ngoné Dièye Lingeer (also: ''Linger'' or Linguère) was the title given to the mother or sister of a king in the Serer kingdoms of Sine, Saloum, and previously the Kingdom of Baol; and the Wolof kingdoms of Cayor, Jolof, Baol and Waalo in pre-colonial Se ...

* Njembot Mbodj *

Ndaté Yalla Mbodj Ndaté Yalla Mbodj, also known as Ndateh Yalla Mbooj ( — 1860M'bayo, Tamba Eadric, ''African Interpreters, Mediation, and the Production of Knowledge in Colonial Senegal: The Lower and Middle Senegal Valley, Ca. 1850s to Ca. 1920s, Volume 2''. ...

* Lingeer Selbeh Ndoffene Joof * Ayimpène (reigned c. 1907–c. 1931) * Sibeth, also spelled Sibet (reigned late 1930s–1976)

= Sierra Leone

= Dominion of Sierra Leone * Elizabeth II,

Queen of Sierra Leone Elizabeth II was Queen of Sierra Leone from 1961 to 1971, when Sierra Leone was an independent constitutional monarchy. She was also the monarch of other Commonwealth realms, including the United Kingdom. Her constitutional roles in Sierra Leone ...

(reigned 1961–1971) Koya Temne * Fatima (reigned 1826–1840) Kpa Mende *

Madam Yoko Madam Yoko or Mammy Yoko (ca. 1849–1906 ) was a leader of the Mende people in Sierra Leone Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It is bordered to the southeast by Liberi ...

(reigned 1878–1906)

Central Africa

= Angola

=

Mbunda Kingdom The Mbunda Kingdom (Mbunda language, Mbunda: or or ), sometimes called the Kingdom of Angola or Mbundaland, was an African kingdom located in western central Africa, in what is now southeast Angola. At its greatest extent, it reached from Mithi ...

* Vamwene Naama * Vamwene Yamvu * Vamwene Mbaao ya Chinguli (reigned in the 1500s–early 1600s) * Vamwene Kaamba ka Mbaao * Vamwene Mukenge wa Lweembe, Livindamo

Kingdom of Kongo The Kingdom of Kongo ( or ''Wene wa Kongo;'' ) was a kingdom in Central Africa. It was located in present-day northern Angola, the western portion of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern Gabon and the Republic of the Congo. At its gre ...

There were two female monarchs during

Kongo Civil War The Kongo Civil War (1665–1709) was a war of succession between rival houses of the Kingdom of Kongo. The war waged throughout the middle of the 17th and 18th centuries pitting partisans of the House of Kinlaza against the House of Kimpanzu. ...

. *

Ana Afonso de Leão Ana Afonso de Leão (c. 1625 - 1710) was the queen regnant of the Kingdom of Nkondo between 1673 and 1710. She conquered the territories of Lemba and Matari, as well as those located along the Mbidizi river in the Kingdom of Kongo (in the region ...

, queen of

Kinlaza The Kinlaza were members of the Nlaza kanda or House of Kinlaza, one of the ruling houses of the Kingdom of Kongo during the 17th century. It was one of the main factions during the Kongo Civil War along with the Kimpanzu and Kinkanga a Mvika k ...

* , queen of

Kimpanzu The Kimpanzu were members of the Mpanzu kanda also known as the House of Kimpanzu, one of the lineages from which the kings of Kongo were chosen during the 17th century and following Kongo's reunification under Pedro IV. They are remembered in ...

Luvale The Luvale people, also spelled Lovale, Balovale, Lubale, as well as Lwena or Luena in Angola, are a Bantu ethnic group found in northwestern Zambia and southeastern Angola. They are closely related to the Lunda and Ndembu to the northeast, but t ...

or Nyakatolo is the hereditary queen of Luvale. * Nyakatolo Kuvango * Nyakatolo Ngambo * Nyakatolo Kutemba * Nyakatolo Chissengo *

= Cameroon

= * Soukda, founder of the

Mandara Kingdom The Mandara Kingdom (sometimes called Wandala or the Kingdom of Medra) was an African kingdom in the Mandara Mountains of what is today Cameroon. The Mandara people are descended from the kingdom's inhabitants. History Tradition states th ...

(reigned ) * Ngoungoure, queen of Bamum (reigned 1865) – her reign lasted 30 minutes

= Chad

=

Kanem–Bornu Empire The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad. The empire was sustained by the prosperous trans-Saharan trade and was one of the ...

*

Aissa Koli Aissa Koli (Āʾisha Kili), also called Aisa Kili Ngirmaramma, was a queen regnant of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1570–1580. Aissa was styled as ''magira'' ("queen mother") and ruled in her own right. Life There are some discrepancies about t ...

(reigned 1497–1504 or 1563–1570)

East Africa

= Comoros

= Other female sultans also ruled on the Comoros, but their reign dates are unknown:

= Ethiopia

=

= Kenya

= * Elizabeth II, Queen of Kenya (reigned 1963–1964) * Mwana Mkisi, founder of

Mombasa Mombasa ( ; ) is a coastal city in southeastern Kenya along the Indian Ocean. It was the first capital of British East Africa, before Nairobi was elevated to capital status in 1907. It now serves as the capital of Mombasa County. The town is ...

, founded in c. 900 AD *

Mwana Inali Mwana may refer to *Mwana (name) *Mwana Mwinga, a settlement in Kenya * Mwana Africa F.C., a Zimbabwean football club *Aie a Mwana "Aie a Mwana" is a song originally written by the French-Belgian writing and production team of Daniel Vangarde and ...

, ruler of Kitao on

Manda Island Manda is an island of the Lamu Archipelago of Kenya, known for the prosperous 9th century ports of Takwa and Manda town. The island is now linked by ferry to Lamu and is home to Manda Airport, while Manda Toto island lies to its west. The ...

– she was the ruler of Kitao when the Pate Sultan Omar (d. 1392/3) conquered Kitao * Mwana Mimi, ruler of the Pate Sultanate (reigned 1763–1773)

= Madagascar

=

Ambohidratrimo Ambohidratrimo is a municipality in Analamanga Region, in the Central Highlands of Madagascar, located at 15 km from the capital of Antananarivo. There are found the Twelve sacred hills of Imerina The twelve sacred hills of Imerina are hi ...

* Ravorombato

Menabe Menabe is a region in western Madagascar, with its capital at Morondava. It covers an area of , and its population was 700,577 in 2018. The population mostly belongs to the Sakalava ethnic group. The region is named after the 18th-century Sakala ...

* Bibiasa Bemihisatra * Safy Mozongo – Mother of

Binao Binao (1867–1927) was a queen regnant of the Sakalava people of Madagascar between 1881 and 1927. Life She was the granddaughter of King Andriantsoly of the Boina Kingdom, and acceded in 1881 to the throne of the Bemihisatra group of the Sak ...

*

Binao Binao (1867–1927) was a queen regnant of the Sakalava people of Madagascar between 1881 and 1927. Life She was the granddaughter of King Andriantsoly of the Boina Kingdom, and acceded in 1881 to the throne of the Bemihisatra group of the Sak ...

– Daughter of Safy Mozongo Bemazava * Irana * Tsiresy I * Tsiresy II

Antankarana The Antankarana (or ''Antakarana'') are an ethnic group of Madagascar inhabiting the northern tip of Madagascar, around Antsiranana. Their name means "the people of the ''tsingy''," the limestone rock formations that distinguish their traditiona ...

* Ambary * Soanaomby

= Mauritius

= * Elizabeth II,

Queen of Mauritius Elizabeth II was Queen of Mauritius as well as its head of state from 1968 to 1992 when Mauritius was an independent sovereign state and a constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth of Nations. She was also the monarch of other Commonwealth ...

(reigned 1968–1992)

= Mozambique

=

Angoche Sultanate The Angoche Sultanate was a sultanate centered on the islands of Angoche, present-day Northern Mozambique coastline. Established in the late 15th century by dissidents from the Kilwa Sultanate, the sultanate arose during the decline of the Kilw ...

* Queen of Angoche, name unknown (reigned in the 16th century) – she succeeded her brother and was succeeded by her husband Molidi

= Somalia

= * Asha Ngumi, ruler of Ngumi Island in the

Bajuni Islands The Bajuni Islands (; ; , also known as the Bajun Islands or Baajun Islands) are an archipelago in southern Somalia. They are situated in the Somali sea off the southern coast of Jubaland, from Kismayo to Ras Kamboni. Geography Administratively ...

= Somaliland

=

Sultanate of Ifat The Sultanate of Ifat, known as Wafāt or Awfāt in Arabic texts, or the Kingdom of Zeila was a medieval Sunni Muslim state in the eastern regions of the Horn of Africa between the late 13th century and early 15th century. It was formed in pres ...

* Māti Layla Abūd (reigned in the 14th century)

= South Sudan

=

Shilluk Kingdom The Shilluk Kingdom, dominated by the Shilluk people, was located along the left bank of the White Nile in what is now South Sudan and southern Sudan. Its capital and royal residence were in the town of Fashoda. According to Shilluk folk history ...

* , the eighth ruler (and only queen) of the Shilluk.

= Tanzania

= Tanganyika * Elizabeth II, Queen of Tanganyika (reigned 1961–1962)

Unguja Unguja (also referred to as "Zanzibar Island" or simply "Zanzibar", in – as mentioned in The ''Periplus of the Erythraean Sea'') is the largest and most populated island of the Zanzibar archipelago, in Tanzania. History Geography Unguja is ...

*

Mwana Mwema Mwana may refer to *Mwana (name) *Mwana Mwinga, a settlement in Kenya * Mwana Africa F.C., a Zimbabwean football club *Aie a Mwana "Aie a Mwana" is a song originally written by the French-Belgian writing and production team of Daniel Vangarde and ...

, queen of Unguja (reigned ?–1653) *

Fatuma binti Yusuf al-Alawi Fatuma binti Yusuf al-Alawi (c. 1650 – 1715) was a queen of Unguja in pre-Sultanate Zanzibar. A supporter of the Portuguese in their war against Oman, she sent supplies to the Europeans at the Siege of Fort Jesus. She was captured during the ...

, queen of Unguja (reigned ?–1698 and 1709–1715)

Pemba Island Pemba Island (; ''al-Jazīra al-khadrāʔ''; ; ) is a Tanzanian island forming part of the Zanzibar Archipelago, lying within the Swahili Coast in the Indian Ocean. Geography file:Map of Zanzibar Archipelago-en.svg, left, The main islands of the ...

*

Mwana Mize binti Muaba Mwana may refer to *Mwana (name) *Mwana Mwinga, a settlement in Kenya * Mwana Africa F.C., a Zimbabwean football club *Aie a Mwana "Aie a Mwana" is a song originally written by the French-Belgian writing and production team of Daniel Vangarde and ...

(reigned in the 17th century) * Mwana Fatuma binti Dathash (reigned in the 17th century) *

Mwana Hadiya Mwana may refer to *Mwana (name) *Mwana Mwinga, a settlement in Kenya * Mwana Africa F.C., a Zimbabwean football club *Aie a Mwana "Aie a Mwana" is a song originally written by the French-Belgian writing and production team of Daniel Vangarde and ...

(reigned in the 17th century) *

Mwana Aisha Mwana may refer to *Mwana (name) *Mwana Mwinga, a settlement in Kenya * Mwana Africa F.C., a Zimbabwean football club *Aie a Mwana "Aie a Mwana" is a song originally written by the French-Belgian writing and production team of Daniel Vangarde and ...

(reigned in the 17th century)

Tumbatu Island Tumbatu Island (''Kisiwa cha Tumbatu'', in Swahili) is an island located in Fumba ward of Kaskazini A District in Unguja North Region, Tanzania. In Zanzibar Archipelago, Tumbatu is the third-largest island, after Pemba and Unguja island. The Isla ...

*

Mwana wa Mwana Mwana may refer to *Mwana (name) *Mwana Mwinga, a settlement in Kenya * Mwana Africa F.C., a Zimbabwean football club *Aie a Mwana "Aie a Mwana" is a song originally written by the French-Belgian writing and production team of Daniel Vangarde and ...

* Fatima * Mwana Kazija bint Ngwale bin Kombo bin Ali Kua * Mother of Mwanzuani * Mwanzuani – she succeeded her mother

Mikindani Mikindani (''Mji wa kale wa Mikindani'' in Swahili language, Swahili) is a historic coastal town located in Mtwara-Mikindani District of Mtwara Region in Tanzania. The name comes from the Swahili word ''mikinda'' which means "young coconut trees". ...

* Sabani binti Ngumi – she was succeeded by her daughter * Daughter of Sabani binti Ngumi

= Uganda

=

Southern Africa

= Malawi

= * Elizabeth II,

Queen of Malawi Elizabeth II was Queen of Malawi from 1964 to 1966, when Malawi was an independent sovereign state and a constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth of Nations. She was also the sovereign of the other Commonwealth realms, including the Unite ...

(reigned 1964–1966)

= Namibia

=

= South Africa

= AmaMpondomise * Mamani kaPhahlo (reigned 1732–1758)

Lobedu people The Lobedu or Balobedu ''(''also known as the BaLozwi or Bathobolo'')'' are a southern African ethnic group that speak a Northern Sotho dialect. Their area is called Bolobedu. The name "balobedu" means "the mineral miners", lobela or go loba � ...

The

Modjadji Queen Modjadji, or the Rain Queen, is the hereditary queen of Balobedu, a people of the Limpopo Province of South Africa. The Rain Queen is believed to have special powers, including the ability to control the clouds and rainfall. She is know ...

or

Rain Queen Queen Modjadji, or the Rain Queen, is the hereditary queen of Balobedu, a people of the Limpopo Province of South Africa. The Rain Queen is believed to have special powers, including the ability to control the clouds and rainfall. She is know ...

is the hereditary

queen Queen most commonly refers to: * Queen regnant, a female monarch of a kingdom * Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king * Queen (band), a British rock band Queen or QUEEN may also refer to: Monarchy * Queen dowager, the widow of a king * Q ...

of Lobedu, the people of the

Limpopo Province Limpopo () is the northernmost province of South Africa. It is named after the Limpopo River, which forms the province's western and northern borders. The term Limpopo is derived from Rivombo (Livombo/Lebombo), a group of Tsonga settlers ...

of

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. Its Provinces of South Africa, nine provinces are bounded to the south by of coastline that stretches along the Atlantic O ...

. The succession to the position of Rain Queen is

matrilineal Matrilineality, at times called matriliny, is the tracing of kinship through the female line. It may also correlate with a social system in which people identify with their matriline, their mother's lineage, and which can involve the inheritan ...

, meaning that the Queen's eldest daughter is the heir, and that males are not entitled to inherit the throne at all. The Rain Queen is believed to have special powers, including the ability to control the

cloud In meteorology, a cloud is an aerosol consisting of a visible mass of miniature liquid droplets, frozen crystals, or other particles, suspended in the atmosphere of a planetary body or similar space. Water or various other chemicals may ...

s and

rainfall Rain is a form of precipitation where water droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor fall under gravity. Rain is a major component of the water cycle and is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the Earth. ...

. *

Maselekwane Modjadji Maselekwane Modjadji I (died 1854) was the first Rain Queen of the South African Balobedu nation. Maselekwane reigned from 1800 to 1854. She was succeeded by Rain Queen Masalanabo Modjadji II. The woman who became the first Modjadji was known a ...

(reigned 1800–1854) * Masalanabo I Modjadji (reigned 1854–1894) * Khetoane Modjadji (reigned 1895–1959) * Makoma Modjadji (reigned 1959–1980) *

Mokope Modjadji Mokope Modjadji V (27 April 193728 June 2001) was the fifth Rain Queen of the Balobedu Nation in the Limpopo Province of South Africa from 1981 until her death in 2001. Life Mokope Modjadji was very traditional in her role as Rain Queen. She li ...

(reigned 1981–2001) *

Makobo Modjadji Makobo Modjadji VI (Makobo Caroline Modjadji; 22 July 1978 – 12 June 2005) was the sixth in a line of the Balobedu tribe's Rain Queens. It is believed by her people that Makobo Modjadji had the ability to control the clouds and rivers. Makobo ...

(reigned 2003–2005) * Masalanabo II Modjadji

Union of South Africa The Union of South Africa (; , ) was the historical predecessor to the present-day South Africa, Republic of South Africa. It came into existence on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the British Cape Colony, Cape, Colony of Natal, Natal, Tra ...

* Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–1961)

= Zambia

= *

Mamochisane Mamochisane ( fl. 1851) was a Makololo Queen who ruled over many people, but especially the Lozi in Barotseland, today's Western Zambia, in 1851. She was later a wife of King Sipopa Lutangu. Biography Mamochisane was a daughter of the King S ...

, queen of the

Makololo The Kololo or Makololo are a subgroup of the Sotho-Tswana people native to Southern Africa. In the early 19th century, they were displaced by the Zulu, migrating north to Barotseland, Zambia. They conquered the territory of the Luyana people an ...

(reigned )

= Zimbabwe

= * Elizabeth II,

Queen of Rhodesia Queen of Rhodesia was the title asserted for Elizabeth II as Rhodesia's constitutional monarch following the country's Unilateral Declaration of Independence from the United Kingdom. However, the position only existed under the Rhodesian consti ...

(reigned 1965–1970)

Americas

North America

= Canada

= *

Victoria Victoria most commonly refers to: * Queen Victoria (1819–1901), Queen of the United Kingdom and Empress of India * Victoria (state), a state of Australia * Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, a provincial capital * Victoria, Seychelles, the capi ...

(reigned 1867–1901) – Canada became a dominion by the

Canadian Confederation Canadian Confederation () was the process by which three British North American provinces—the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick—were united into one federation, called the Name of Canada#Adoption of Dominion, Dominion of Ca ...

in 1867 * Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–2022)

= Mexico

=

Coba Coba () is an ancient Maya city on the Yucatán Peninsula, located in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. The site is the nexus of the largest network of stone causeways of the ancient Maya world, and it contains many engraved and sculpted stelae ...

* (reigned ) * (reigned ) *

Lady Kʼawiil Ajaw Lady Kʼawiil Ajaw or Ix Kʼawiil Ekʼ (617-682), was a queen regnant of the Maya civilization, Maya city State of Cobá in 640–682. It is not clear how she succeeded to the throne or how she is connected to her predecessors. She appears to have ...

(reigned 640–682)

Ecatepec Ecatepec (), officially Ecatepec de Morelos, is a municipality in the State of Mexico situated in the north of the Greater Mexico City urban area. The municipal seat is San Cristóbal Ecatepec. The city of Ecatepec is co-extensive with the mun ...

*

Tlapalizquixochtzin Tlapalizquixochtzin was an Aztec noblewoman and Queen regnant of the Aztec city of Ecatepec. She was also a consort of Moctezuma II. Family She was born as a Princess – daughter of Matlaccoatzin and thus a granddaughter of the King Chimalp ...

(reigned in the late 15th–early 16th century)

Palenque Palenque (; Yucatec Maya: ), also anciently known in the Itza Language as Lakamha ("big water" or "big waters"), was a Maya city-state in southern Mexico that perished in the 8th century. The Palenque ruins date from ca. 226 BC to ca. 799 AD ...

* Ix Yohl Ikʼnal (reigned 583–604) *

Sak Kʼukʼ Sak KʼukʼThe ruler's name, when transcribed is ?- UWA꞉NAT. also known as Muwaan Mat, Lady Sak Kʼukʼ and Lady Beastie (died 640), was queen of the Maya city-state of Palenque. She acceded to the throne in October, 612 and ruled until 615.Thes ...

, also known as Muwaan Mat (reigned 612–615)

Tepetlaoztoc Tepetlaoztoc or Tepetlaoxtoc (Nahuatl for 'tepetate-cave place', ) is an archaeological site located in the Central Mexico plateau region of Mesoamerica. It was an Aztec/Nahua settlement during the Late Postclassic period of Mesoamerican chronology, ...

* Azcasuch (reigned in the late 15th–early 16th century)

Toltec Empire The Toltec Empire'', ''Toltec Kingdom or Altepetl Tollan was a political entity in pre-Hispanic Mexico. It existed through the classic and post-classic periods of Mesoamerican chronology, but gained most of its power in the post-classic. During t ...

* Xiuhtlaltzin (reigned 979–983)

Toniná Tonina (or Toniná in Spanish orthography) is a pre-Columbian archaeological site and ruined city of the Maya civilization located in what is now the Mexican state of Chiapas, some 13 km (8.1 mi) east of the town of Ocosingo. The sit ...

* Lady K'awiil Yopaat (reigned 762–774) Tzacoalco *

Malinxalchitl Malinxalchitl, meaning "beautiful flower of evil" (died 1524) was the Nahua queen regnant of Tzacoalco during the time of the Conquest of the Aztec Empire. When Francisco Cortés de San Buenaventura arrived at Tzacoalco in 1524, he could not domi ...

(reigned ?–1524)

Mixtec The Mixtecs (), or Mixtecos, are Indigenous Mesoamerican peoples of Mexico inhabiting the region known as La Mixteca of Oaxaca and Puebla as well as La Montaña Region and Costa Chica of Guerrero, Costa Chica Regions of the state of Guerre ...

* Lady 9 Wind Stone Quexquemitl * Lady 6 Monkey War Quexquemitl * Lady 1 Death * Lady 13 Flower Precious Bird * Lady 2 Flower Rising Jewel * Lady 11 Monkey Jade Spiderweb * Lady 11 Alligator Quetzal Jewel * Lady 2 Jaguar Jade Spiderweb * Lady 5 Rabbit Jewel * Lady 3 Jaguar Precious Butterfly Sun * Lady 6 Water Quetzal Jewel of Flower War * Lady 3 Rabbit Divine Flame * Lady 12 Flower Broken Mountain Butterfly * Lady 11 Rabbit Jewel of the Rising Sun * Lady 8 Deer Quetzal Spiderweb * Lady 1 Flower Jaguar Quexquemitl

Central America

= Belize

= * Elizabeth II (reigned 1981–2022)

Pusilha Pusilhá is an archaeological site in Belize. The location of this Late Classic Maya urban complex, along the east and west flow of trade, made the city a major transfer point for economic activities in the whole region. In addition, the city gave ...

* Lady Ich’aak K’inich (reigned c.710–731)

= Guatemala

=

El Perú Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...

*

Lady K'abel Lady K'abel (7th-century - between 702 and 711) was the queen regnant of the Maya Wak kingdom between 672 and 692 AD. She is also referred to by the names Lady Water Lily Hand and Lady Snake Lord. Life She was a member of the powerful Snake dynast ...

(reigned 672–692) La Florida * Lady Chaak (reigned )

Naranjo Naranjo (Wak Kab'nal in Mayan) is a Pre-Columbian Maya city in the Petén Basin region of Guatemala. It was occupied from about 500 BC to 950 AD, with its height in the Late Classic Period. The site is part of Yaxha-Nakum-Naranjo National Park. ...

* Wac Chanil Ahau, also known as

Lady Six Sky Lady Six Sky (possibly Ix Wak Chan Jalam Ajaw Lem? in ancient Mayan), also known as Lady Wac Chanil Ahau or Wak Chanil Ajaw (d. 741 CE), was a Maya queen of Naranjo who was born in Dos Pilas. She lived in Naranjo from 682 to her death (or shor ...

Tikal Tikal (; ''Tik'al'' in modern Mayan orthography) is the ruin of an ancient city, which was likely to have been called Yax Mutal, found in a rainforest in Guatemala. It is one of the largest archaeological sites and urban centers of the Pre-Col ...

*

Unen Bahlam Unen BahlamThe ruler's name, when transcribed is UNEN AHLAM'', translated "Baby Jaguar", Martin & Grube 2008, p.27. (fl. c. 317) was a queen regnant of the Maya city-state of Tikal Tikal (; ''Tik'al'' in modern Mayan orthography) is the ruin ...

(reigned ) *

Lady of Tikal Lady of Tikal,The ruler's name, when transcribed is IX-KALO꞉M EʼIX-?-KʼIN?, Martin & Grube 2008, p.38. also known as Woman of Tikal (1 September 504 – after ), was a queen regnant of the Mayan city of Tikal. She took the throne on 19 April ...

(reigned 511–527?)

Caribbean

= West Indies

=

South America

= Brazil

= *

Maria I ''Dom (title), Dona'' Maria I (Maria Francisca Isabel Josefa Antónia Gertrudes Rita Joana; 17 December 1734 – 20 March 1816) also known as Maria the Pious in Portugal and Maria the Mad in Brazil, was Queen of Portugal from 24 February 1777 ...

(reigned as Queen of Brazil 1815–1816) – she was also Queen of Portugal in 1777–1816

= Ecuador

= *

Quilago Quilago () was the queen regnant of Cochasquí, in modern-day Ecuador. She is known for leading native resistance to the expansion of the Inca Empire and was supposedly the mother of Atahualpa, the last Sapa Inca. Her story has become an origin my ...

, queen of

Cochasquí Cochasquí is one of the most extensive and most important complexes of pre-Columbian era, pre-Columbian and pre-Inca Empire ruins in northern Ecuador. The site lies some northeast of Quito in Pedro Moncayo Canton in Pichincha Province at above s ...

= Guyana

= * Elizabeth II, Queen of Guyana (reigned 1966–1970)

= Peru

= *

Lady of Cao ''Lady'' is a term for a woman who behaves in a polite way. Once used to describe only women of a high social class or status, the female counterpart of lord, now it may refer to any adult woman, as gentleman can be used for men. "Lady" is ...

, Moche ruler

Asia

East Asia

= China

=
In

Tibet Tibet (; ''Böd''; ), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are other ethnic groups s ...

, there was ''Nüguo'' (, lit. "Kingdom of Women"), also known as ''Dong nüguo'' (, lit. "Eastern Kingdom of Women"), related to the tribe

Sumpa The Sumpa () were a tribe living in northeastern Tibet from ancient times. Chinese historical sources refer to them as " Qiang", a term for people living in what is now southwest China, and their actual ethnic identity is not known. Their territory ...

. Several queens regnant of there were recorded in Chinese history books. * Supi Mojie () * Dajiawa () * Qibangsun () * Tangpangshi () Old Book of Tang, vol. 197 * Lianbi () * Eyaner () * Zhaoyefu () Wuman * () – her son submitted to of

Nanzhao Nanzhao ( zh, t=南詔, s=南诏, p=Nánzhào), also spelled Nanchao, , Yi language: ꂷꏂꌅ, ''Mashynzy'') was a dynastic kingdom that flourished in what is now southwestern China and northern Southeast Asia during the 8th and 9th centuri ...

, and instead she declared herself "'' Wáng'' of the Wuman tribe (烏蠻部落王)"

= Japan

=

= Korea

=

South Asia

= Bangladesh

=

= India

=

Quilon Kollam (;), is an ancient seaport and the fourth largest city in the Indian state of Kerala. Located on the southern tip of the Malabar Coast of the Arabian Sea, the city is on the banks of Ashtamudi Lake and is 71 kilometers (44 mi) nort ...

* Queen of Quilon, name unknown (reigned in the early 16th century) – she concluded a treaty with Lopo Soares in 1516

Attingal Attingal is a municipal town in Thiruvananthapuram metropolitan area in Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala state, India. It was the location of the Attingal kingdom, under Travancore. It is the headquarters of Chirayinkeezhu Taluk, and th ...

Attingal was an independent principality until 1729 when

Marthanda Varma Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma (Malayalam: ; 1706 – 7 July 1758) was the founding monarch of the southern Indian Kingdom of Travancore (previously Venadu) from 1729 until his death in 1758. He was succeeded by Rama Varma ("Dharma Raja") ...

ascended the throne and incorporated Attingal in Travancore. * Makayiram Thirunal (reigned as junior queen ?–? and as senior queen ?–1678) *

Umayamma Rani "Aswathi Thirunal" Umayamma, known as Queen Umayamma or Queen Ashure (Aswathi),Papers and articles. "Holding Kings to Ransom – Royal Women in Matrilineal Kerala": Manu S. Pillai (2015/ref> (died 1698), was the regent queen of Venad, Venad (Ven ...

(reigned as junior queen ?–1678 and as senior queen 1678–1698) * Pooruruttathi Thirunal from Kolathunadu, name unknown (reigned as junior queen ?–1698 and as senior queen 1698–1729)

Kottarakkara Kottarakkara (IAST: Koṭṭārakkara), also transliterated as ''Kottarakara'', is a town and municipality in the Kollam district of Kerala, India. Kottarakkara lies to the east of Kollam city centre. History Kottarakkara, also known in the ...

* Queen of Elayadathu Swarupam, name unknown (reigned 1739–1742) – she was installed on the throne by the Dutch during the

Travancore–Dutch War The Travancore–Dutch War was a war between the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Indian kingdom of Travancore, culminating in the Battle of Colachel in 1741. Causes In the early 18th century, the Malabar Coast region of present-d ...

= Maldives

=

= Nepal

=

= Pakistan

= Assacani *

Cleophis Cleophis (Sanskrit: ''Kripa'' ) was an Assacani Rani, queen and key figure in the war between the Assacani people and Alexander the Great. Cleophis was the mother of Assacanus, the Assacanis' war-leader at the time of Alexander's invasion in 326 ...

(reigned 326 BC–?)

Dominion of Pakistan The Dominion of Pakistan, officially Pakistan, was an independent federal dominion in the British Commonwealth of Nations, which existed from 14 August 1947 to Pakistan Day, 23 March 1956. It was created by the passing of the Indian Independence ...

* Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–1956)

Gilgit Gilgit (; Shina language, Shina: ; ) is a city in Pakistani-administered Gilgit-Baltistan, Gilgit–Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region.The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kas ...

*

Dadi Jawari Malika Jawahir Khatun locally known as Dadi Jawari was a 17-century female ruler of Gilgit Gilgit (; Shina language, Shina: ; ) is a city in Pakistani-administered Gilgit-Baltistan, Gilgit–Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region.The app ...

(reigned 1642—1667 and 1689—1705) — also known as Malika Jawahir Khatun *

Malika Sahibnuma Malika may refer to: Places Nepal *Malika, Baglung, a municipality *Malika, Dailekh, a village development committee *Malika Bota, a village development committee *Malika Rural Municipality, Gulmi *Malika Rural Municipality, Myagdi *Malika Dhuri, ...

, also spelled as Sahebnuma (reigned 1825–1828)

Kanhaiya Misl The Kanhaiya Misl was one of the twelve misls of the Sikh Confederacy. It had been founded by Sandhu Jats. History Jai Singh Sandhu (son of Khushal Singh) of the village Kanha (district Lahore) was the founder of this ''Misl''; hence th ...

*

Sada Kaur Rani Sada Kaur (Punjabi language, Punjabi: ਸਦਾ ਕੌਰ; 1762 – 1832) was a Sikhs, Sikh leader. She served as the Chief of the Kanhaiya Misl from 1789 to 1821, following the death of her husband Gurbaksh Singh Kanhaiya, the heir to Jai ...

(reigned 1789–1821)

Soomra dynasty The Soomra dynasty () was a late medieval dynasty of Sindh ruled by the Soomro tribe of Sindh, and at times adjacent regions, located in what is now Pakistan. Sources The only extant source is the ''Diwan-i Farruhi'', a Persian chronicle by ...

* Hamoon (reigned 1107) – she occupied the throne after her husband Sanghar's death, but was soon crushed by the nobles

= Sri Lanka

=

Southeast Asia

= Cambodia

=

= Indonesia

=

= Laos

=

= Myanmar

=

= Philippines

=

Pasig Pasig, officially the City of Pasig (), is a highly-urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 803,159 people. It is located along the eastern border of Metro Mani ...

*

Dayang Kalangitan Dayang Kalangitan (Baybayin: ᜃᜎᜅᜒᜆᜈ᜔ , Filipino orthography, Abecedario: ''Cálan͠gúitán'') is a legendary figure in History of the Philippines (900-1521), early Philippine history who was said to be ''Filipino styles and honori ...

(reigned –)

Kingdom of Maynila Maynila, also known commonly as Manila, was a major Islamic Tagalog '' bayan'' ("country" or "city-state") situated along the modern-day district of Intramuros in the city of Manila, at the southern bank of the Pasig River.Abinales, Patric ...

* Queen of Maynila, name unknown (reigned ) – she succeeded her husband Salalila and was succeeded by her son

Matanda Ache (c. 1500s - 1572; Old Spanish orthography: ''Rája Aché'' or ''Raxa Ache'', also known as ''Rája Matandâ'' ("the Old King"), was King of Luzon who ruled from the kingdom's capital Maynila now the capital of the Republic of the Philippine ...

; according to oral traditions, her name is "Ysmeria"

Sultanate of Sulu The Sultanate of Sulu (; ; ) is a Sunni Muslim subnational monarchy in the Philippines, Republic of the Philippines that includes the Sulu Archipelago, coastal areas of Zamboanga City and certain portions of Palawan in today's Philippines. H ...

*

Nur ul-Azam Nur or NUR may refer to: In Islam * An-Nur, one of the names of God in Islam, meaning "The Light". * An-Nur (The Light), the 24th chapter of the Qur'an * Nūr (Islam), a concept, literally meaning "light" * ''Risale-i Nur Collection'', a collect ...

(reigned )

= Thailand

= Hariphunchai *

Jamadevi Camadevi (also spelled Jamadevi; IPA: ʃaːmaˈdeːʋiː Pali: Cāmadevī; , , Mon: စာမ္မာဒေဝဳ, ; 7th-century – 8th-century) was the first monarch and Queen of Hariphunchai (Pali: Haribhuñjaya), which was an ancient Kingdo ...

(reigned in the 6th–7th century) — first ruler of the

Mon Mon, MON or Mon. may refer to: Places * Mon State, a subdivision of Myanmar * Mon, India, a town in Nagaland * Mon district, Nagaland * Mon, Raebareli, a village in Uttar Pradesh, India * Mon, Switzerland, a village in the Canton of Grisons * A ...

kingdom of Hariphunchai

Pattani Pattani (or Patani in Malay spelling) may refer to: Places Continental Asia * Patani (historical region), a historical region in the Malay peninsula, in Thailand and Malaysia. * Pattani Province, modern province in southern Thailand ** Pattani, ...

*

Ratu Hijau Raja Hijau or Ratu Hijau (; ), also spelt Raja Ijau, was a Ethnic Malays, Malay Queen regnant, sovereign queen of Patani Kingdom, Patani who reigned from 1584 to 1616. Her name means "the Green Queen" in English. She was also known as the 'great ...

, 'the Green Queen' (reigned 1584–1616) * Ratu Biru, 'the Blue Queen' (reigned 1616–1624) *

Ratu Ungu Raja Ungu or Ratu Ungu () ruled the Sultanate of Patani (1624–1635), succeeding her sister Raja Biru. In Malay, her name means the "purple queen." She was the third and final daughter of Sultan Mansur Shah to rule the country and was succeed ...

, 'the Purple Queen' (reigned 1624–1635) *

Ratu Kuning Raja Kuning or Ratu Kuning was the sovereign queen of Patani in the 17th century. Her name means "the Yellow Queen" in English. She succeeded her mother, Queen Raja Ungu. She was the last of four female rulers to have ruled in succession in the ...

, 'the Yellow Queen' (reigned 1635–1651) *

Raja Mas Kelantan Raja (; from , IAST ') is a noble or royal Sanskrit title historically used by some Indian rulers and monarchs and highest-ranking nobles. The title was historically used in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. The title has a long ...

(reigned 1670–1698) * Raja Mas Chayam (reigned 1698–1702 and 1716–1718) * Raja Dewi (reigned 1702–1711)

Lanna The Lan Na kingdom or the Kingdom of Lanna (, , "Kingdom of a Million Rice Fields"; , , ), also known as Lannathai, was an Indianized state centered in present-day Northern Thailand from the 13th to the 18th centuries. The cultural developme ...

*

Chiraprapha Jiraprabhadevi (, ''Jiraprabhādevi''; ), also spelt Chirapraphathevi, known in the ''Chiang Mai Chronicle'' as ''Phra Pen Chao'' Maha Jiraprabha Devi (; ) was the Queen consort of Ket, the 12th monarch of the Kingdom of Lan Na, and the mother of ...

(reigned 1545–1546) * Wisutthi Thewi (reigned 1564–1578)

= Timor-Leste

= There were many chiefdoms on

Timor Timor (, , ) is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia, in the north of the Timor Sea. The island is Indonesia–Timor-Leste border, divided between the sovereign states of Timor-Leste in the eastern part and Indonesia in the ...

, but according to the hierarchy among the Timorese domains, the ruler of

Sonbai Sonbai (also spelt ''Sonnebay'', ''Sonba'i'', or ''Sonbait'') was an Indonesian princely dynasty that reigned over various parts of West Timor from at least the 17th century until the 1950s. It was known as the most prestigious princedom of the At ...

of West Timor, the ruler of

Wehali Wehali (''Wehale'', ''Waihali'', ''Veale'') is the name of a traditional kingdom at the southern coast of Central Timor, now in Indonesia and East Timor. It is often mentioned together with its neighbouring sister kingdom, as Wewiku-Wehali (Waiwik ...

of Central Timor, and the ruler of Likusaen (today:

Liquiçá Liquiçá (Tetum: ''Likisá'') is a coastal city in East Timor, 32 km to the west of Dili, the national capital. Liquiçá is the capital of Liquiçá District. The city has a population of 5,005 inhabitants. History A part of the colon ...

) of East Timor were three paramount rulers of Timor.

Liquiçá Liquiçá (Tetum: ''Likisá'') is a coastal city in East Timor, 32 km to the west of Dili, the national capital. Liquiçá is the capital of Liquiçá District. The city has a population of 5,005 inhabitants. History A part of the colon ...

* Ursula da Costa (reigned ) * Dona Gracia da Costa Rodrigues Pereira (reigned ) * Dona Engracia da Costa Delgado (reigned )

= Vietnam

=

West Asia

= Iran

=

= Iraq

=

= Israel and Palestine

=

= Jordan

= Gileadite *

Laodice of the Sameans Laodice was a Queen of an unknown Kingdom in Asia. She lived at the time of the Seleucid king of Syria Antiochus X Eusebes who reigned 95 BC-92 or 88 BC. Historical account Laodice is known from the work of the first century historian Josephu ...

(reigned ) – in the Codex Leidensis, the people of Laodice is Gileadites.

Nabatea The Nabataean Kingdom ( Nabataean Aramaic: 𐢕𐢃𐢋𐢈 ''Nabāṭū''), also named Nabatea () was a political state of the Nabataeans during classical antiquity. The Nabataean Kingdom controlled many of the trade routes of the region, amassi ...

*

Chuldu Chuldu, Huldu, or Khuld (Nabataean Aramaic: ''Ḥūldū''; fl. 1st century, 1st-century CE), was a Queen regnant, Queen of the Nabataeans, spouse and co-ruler of Aretas IV Philopatris, Aretas IV in 9 BC–AD 16. Her name as transcribed in Arabic ...

(reigned 9 BC–16 AD) – she ruled with her husband

Aretas IV Philopatris Aretas IV Philopatris (Nabataean Aramaic: 𐢊𐢛𐢞𐢞 𐢛𐢊𐢒 𐢗𐢓𐢆, ''Ḥārītaṯ Rāḥem-ʿammeh'' "Aretas, friend of his people") was the King of the Nabataeans, King of the Arab Nabataeans from roughly 9 BC to 40 AD. His ...

*

Shaqilath Shaqilath (Nabataean Aramaic: , ''ŠQYLT''; also spelled ''Shaqilat'', ''Shaqeela'', ''Shaqeelah'', ''Šagīlat'') was a queen of the Nabataeans. Her name as transcribed in Arabic is '. She was the second wife and co-ruler of Aretas IV of the ...

(reigned 16–40 AD) – she ruled with her husband

Aretas IV Philopatris Aretas IV Philopatris (Nabataean Aramaic: 𐢊𐢛𐢞𐢞 𐢛𐢊𐢒 𐢗𐢓𐢆, ''Ḥārītaṯ Rāḥem-ʿammeh'' "Aretas, friend of his people") was the King of the Nabataeans, King of the Arab Nabataeans from roughly 9 BC to 40 AD. His ...

*

Shaqilath II Shaqilath II (Nabataean Aramaic: , ''ŠQYLT''; fl. 70), was a queen of the Nabataeans. Her name as transcribed in Arabic is ', She was the daughter of Aretas IV of the Nabataeans and his second wife Shaqilath. She ruled jointly with her half-b ...

– she ruled with her husband

Malichus II Malichus II (Nabataean Aramaic: ''Malīḵū'' or ''Malīḵūʾ'') was ruler of Nabatea from 40 to 70 AD. He was the son of Aretes IV and Huldu. Biography Malichus' reign is sometimes perceived as a period of declining Nabataean power, but ...

; after his death she was regent for her son

Rabbel II Soter Rabbel II Soter ( Nabataean Aramaic: ''Rabʾēl dī ʾaḥyēy wa-šēzīb ʿammeh'', "Rabbel, who gave life and deliverance to his people") was the last ruler of the Nabataean Kingdom, ruling from 70 to 106. His name as transcribed in Arabic ...

* Gāmilat – she ruled with

Rabbel II Soter Rabbel II Soter ( Nabataean Aramaic: ''Rabʾēl dī ʾaḥyēy wa-šēzīb ʿammeh'', "Rabbel, who gave life and deliverance to his people") was the last ruler of the Nabataean Kingdom, ruling from 70 to 106. His name as transcribed in Arabic ...

* Hagaru – she ruled with

Rabbel II Soter Rabbel II Soter ( Nabataean Aramaic: ''Rabʾēl dī ʾaḥyēy wa-šēzīb ʿammeh'', "Rabbel, who gave life and deliverance to his people") was the last ruler of the Nabataean Kingdom, ruling from 70 to 106. His name as transcribed in Arabic ...

= Lebanon

=

Tripoli Tripoli or Tripolis (from , meaning "three cities") may refer to: Places Greece *Tripolis (region of Arcadia), a district in ancient Arcadia, Greece * Tripolis (Larisaia), an ancient Greek city in the Pelasgiotis district, Thessaly, near Larissa ...

The

County of Tripoli The County of Tripoli (1102–1289) was one of the Crusader states. It was founded in the Levant in the modern-day region of Tripoli, Lebanon, Tripoli, northern Lebanon and parts of western Syria. When the Crusades, Frankish Crusaders, mostly O ...

was an autonomous state. *

Lucia of Tripoli Lucia (died aft. 1292 or ca 1299) was the last countess of Tripoli, a Crusader state in the Levant. Biography She was the daughter of Bohemund VI, Prince of Antioch and Sibylla of Armenia. Her brother was Bohemund VII of Tripoli. When Bohemund ...

(reigned 1287–1289)

= Saudi Arabia

= Bāzu * Iapa, queen of the city Dihrani –

Esarhaddon Esarhaddon, also spelled Essarhaddon, Assarhaddon and Ashurhaddon (, also , meaning " Ashur has given me a brother"; Biblical Hebrew: ''ʾĒsar-Ḥaddōn'') was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 681 to 669 BC. The third king of the S ...

conquered eight kings and queens of the land Bāzu * Baslu, queen of the city Ihilum –

Esarhaddon Esarhaddon, also spelled Essarhaddon, Assarhaddon and Ashurhaddon (, also , meaning " Ashur has given me a brother"; Biblical Hebrew: ''ʾĒsar-Ḥaddōn'') was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 681 to 669 BC. The third king of the S ...

conquered eight kings and queens of the land Bāzu

Qedarite The Qedarites () were an ancient Arab tribal confederation centred in their capital Dumat al-Jandal in the present-day Saudi Arabian province of Al-Jawf. Attested from the 9th century BC, the Qedarites formed a powerful polity which expande ...

*

Zabibe Zabibe (also transliterated Zabibi, Zabiba, Zabibah; ''Zabibê'') was a queen of Qedar who reigned for five years between 738 and 733 BC. She was a vassal of Tiglath-Pileser III, king of Assyria, and is mentioned in the Annals of Tiglath-Pileser ...

(reigned –735 BC) * Samsi (reigned –710 BC) * Yatie (reigned –695 BC) * Te'el-hunu (reigned –690 BC) *

Tabua A tabua () is a polished tooth of a sperm whale that is an important cultural item in Fijian society. They were traditionally given as gifts for atonement or esteem (called ''sevusevu''), and were important in negotiations between rival chiefs. ...

(reigned –675 BC)

= Syria

=

Tanukhids The Tanukh (, sometimes referred to as the Tanukhids (, ), was an Arab tribal group whose history in the Arabian Peninsula and the Fertile Crescent spanned the 2nd century CE to the 17th century. The group began as a confederation of Arab tribes ...

* Mavia (reigned 375–425) – "The Queen of the Arabs"

Seleucid Empire The Seleucid Empire ( ) was a Greek state in West Asia during the Hellenistic period. It was founded in 312 BC by the Macedonian general Seleucus I Nicator, following the division of the Macedonian Empire founded by Alexander the Great ...

*

Cleopatra Thea Cleopatra I or Cleopatra Thea (, which means "Cleopatra the Goddess"; c. 164 – 121 BC), surnamed Eueteria ( ) was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. She was queen consort of Syria from 150 to about 125 BC as the wife of three Kings o ...

(reigned 126–121 BC) – she ruled with her sons Seleucus V and

Antiochus VIII Antiochus VIII Epiphanes/Callinicus/Philometor, nicknamed Grypus (, "hook-nose"), was the ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire from 125 to 96 BC. He was the younger son of Demetrius II and Cleopatra Thea. He may have spent his early life in ...

*

Cleopatra Selene I Cleopatra Selene (; – 69 BC) was the Queen consort of Egypt (Cleopatra Selene or Cleopatra V Selene) from 115 to 102 BC, the Queen consort of Syria from 102 to 92 BC, and the monarch of Syria (Cleopatra II) from 82 to 69 BC. The daughter of ...

(reigned 82–69 BC) – she ruled with her son

Antiochus XIII Antiochus XIII Philadelphus, (Greek: Ἀντίοχος ΙΓ' Φιλάδελφος) known as Asiaticus, (Ἀσιατικός) was the penultimate ruler of the Seleucid kingdom. Biography Antiochus took the throne after the death of his father, ...

Palmyrene Empire The Palmyrene Empire was a short-lived breakaway state from the Roman Empire resulting from the Crisis of the Third Century. Named after its capital city, Palmyra, it encompassed the Roman provinces of Syria Palaestina, Arabia Petraea, and Egypt ...

*

Zenobia Septimia Zenobia (Greek: Ζηνοβία, Palmyrene Aramaic: , ; 240 – c. 274) was a third-century queen of the Palmyrene Empire in Syria. Many legends surround her ancestry; she was probably not a commoner, and she married the ruler of the ...

(reigned 272) – she ruled mostly as regent for her son but reigned briefly under the

regnal name A regnal name, regnant name, or reign name is the name used by monarchs and popes during their reigns and subsequently, historically. Since ancient times, some monarchs have chosen to use a different name from their original name when they accede ...

Septimia Zenobia Augusta in 272.

= Turkey

=

Antioch Antioch on the Orontes (; , ) "Antioch on Daphne"; or "Antioch the Great"; ; ; ; ; ; ; . was a Hellenistic Greek city founded by Seleucus I Nicator in 300 BC. One of the most important Greek cities of the Hellenistic period, it served as ...

The

Principality of Antioch The Principality of Antioch (; ) was one of the Crusader states created during the First Crusade which included parts of Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) and History of Syria#Medieval era, Syria. The principality was much smaller than the County of ...

was an autonomous state. *

Constance Constance may refer to: Places * Constance, Kentucky, United States, an unincorporated community * Constance, Minnesota, United States, an unincorporated community * Mount Constance, Washington State, United States * Lake Constance (disambiguat ...

(reigned 1130–1163)

Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, also known as Cilician Armenia, Lesser Armenia, Little Armenia or New Armenia, and formerly known as the Armenian Principality of Cilicia, was an Armenian state formed during the High Middle Ages by Armenian ...

*

Isabella Isabella may refer to: People and fictional characters * Isabella (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters * Isabella (surname), including a list of people Places United States * Isabella, Alabama, an unincorpo ...

(reigned 1219–1252) – she co-ruled with her husband

Hethum I Hethum I (Armenian: Հեթում Ա; 1213 – 21 October 1270) ruled the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (also known as "Little Armenia") from 1226 to 1270. He was the son of Constantine of Baberon (d. 1263) and Princess Alix Pahlavouni of Lampron (a ...

from 1226

Caria Caria (; from Greek language, Greek: Καρία, ''Karia''; ) was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia (Mycale) south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Carians were described by Herodotus as being Anatolian main ...

*

Artemisia I Artemisia I of Caria (, ; fl. 480 BC) was a queen of the ancient Greek city-state of Halicarnassus, which is now in Bodrum, present-day Turkey. She was also queen of the nearby islands of Kos, Nisyros and Kalymnos,Enc. Britannica, "Artemisia I ...

(reigned ) *

Artemisia II Artemisia II of Caria (Greek: Ἀρτεμισία; died 351 BC) was a naval strategist, commander and the sister (and later spouse) and the successor of Mausolus, ruler of Caria. Mausolus was a satrap of the Achaemenid Empire, yet enjoyed the s ...

(reigned 353–351 BC) *

Ada Ada may refer to: Arts and entertainment * '' Ada or Ardor: A Family Chronicle'', a novel by Vladimir Nabokov Film and television * Ada, a character in 1991 movie '' Armour of God II: Operation Condor'' * '' Ada... A Way of Life'', a 2008 Bollywo ...

(reigned 344–340 and 334–326 BC) Dardania *

Mania Mania, also known as manic syndrome, is a Psychiatry, psychiatric Abnormality (behavior), behavioral syndrome defined as a state of Abnormality (behavior), abnormally elevated arousal, affect (psychology), affect, and energy level. During a mani ...

(reigned after 399 BC) – queen of ancient Dardania according to

Polyaenus Polyaenus or Polyenus ( ; see ae (æ) vs. e; , "much-praised") was a 2nd-century Roman Macedonian author and rhetorician, known best for his ''Stratagems in War'' (), which has been preserved. He was born in Bithynia, Asia Minor. The ''Suda'' c ...

and

Xenophon Xenophon of Athens (; ; 355/354 BC) was a Greek military leader, philosopher, and historian. At the age of 30, he was elected as one of the leaders of the retreating Ancient Greek mercenaries, Greek mercenaries, the Ten Thousand, who had been ...

Heraclea Pontica Heraclea Pontica (; ; , ), known in Byzantine and later times as Pontoheraclea (), was an ancient city on the coast of Bithynia in Asia Minor, at the mouth of the river Lycus. The site is now the location of the modern city Karadeniz Ereğli, in ...

* Amastris (reigned –284 BC)

Pontus Pontus or Pontos may refer to: * Short Latin name for the Pontus Euxinus, the Greek name for the Black Sea (aka the Euxine sea) * Pontus (mythology), a sea god in Greek mythology * Pontus (region), on the southern coast of the Black Sea, in modern ...

*

Laodice Laodice (meaning "people-justice") may refer to: Greek mythology *''see Laodice (Greek myth)'' * Laodice (daughter of Priam), a princess of Troy * Laodice, daughter of Agamemnon, sometimes conflated with Electra * Laodice, one of the Hyperborean m ...

, co-ruler of Mithridates IV * Pythodorida (reigned 8 BC–38 AD)

Olba Kingdom Olba Kingdom was an ancient kingdom in south Anatolia. It was a vassal of the Seleucid Empire, Seleucid and Roman Empires. Geography The kingdom was a small state situated in Cilicia Trachea (present Mersin Province, Turkey). It was bounded by the ...

* Queen Aba (reigned in the 1st century BC)

Prusias ad Mare Prusias may refer to : ;People *Two kings of ancient Bithynia ** Prusias I of Bithynia ** Prusias II of Bithynia ;Places and jurisdictions * Prusias ad Hypium, city in the Roman province of Honorias * ''Prusias'' and ''Prusias ad Mare'', former al ...

* Orodaltis (reigned after 30 BC) Saltukid dynasty *

Melike Mama Hatun Melike Mama Hatun, or simply Mama Hatun or Mamakhatun (fl. 1200), was a female ruler of the Saltukids, with its capital in Erzurum, for an estimated nine years between 1191 and 1200. Life Melike Mama Hatun was the daughter of Saltuk II and the s ...

(reigned 1191–1200)

Trebizond Trabzon, historically known as Trebizond, is a city on the Black Sea coast of northeastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province. The city was founded in 756 BC as "Trapezous" by colonists from Miletus. It was added into the Achaemenid Em ...

* Theodora Megale Komnene (reigned 1284–1285) * Eirene Palaiologina (reigned 1340–1341) * Anna Megale Komnene (reigned 1341–1342)

= Yemen

=

Central Asia

= Afghanistan

= * Queen of

Greater Yuezhi The Yuezhi were an ancient people first described in Chinese histories as nomadic pastoralists living in an arid grassland area in the western part of the modern Chinese province of Gansu, during the 1st millennium BC. After a major defeat at t ...

, name unknown (reigned in the 2nd century BC) – after the king of the Greater Yuezhi was killed by the

Xiongnu The Xiongnu (, ) were a tribal confederation of Nomad, nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese historiography, Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Eurasian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD. Modu Chanyu, t ...

, his wife became the new monarch of Greater Yuezhi

= Uzbekistan

= *

Tomyris Tomyris (; Saka: ; ; ) also called Thomyris, Tomris, or Tomiride, was a queen of the Massagetae who ruled in the 6th century BCE. Tomyris is known only from the writings of the Greek historian Herodotus of Halicarnassus, according to whom ...

(reigned –520 BC) — queen of

Massagetae The Massagetae or Massageteans, also known as Sakā Tigraxaudā or Orthocorybantians, were an ancient Eastern Iranian Saka people who inhabited the steppes of Central Asia and were part of the wider Scythian cultures. The Massagetae rose to powe ...

North Asia

= Siberia

= * Botohui-Tarhun (reigned in the 13th century) — queen of

Europe

Central Europe

= Austria, Hungary, Croatia, and Czechia

=

= Poland and Lithuania

=

Eastern Europe

= Armenia

=

= Azerbaijan

=

= Georgia

=

= Russia

=

Northern Europe

= Denmark, Norway and Sweden

=

Western Europe

= Luxembourg and Belgium

=

Burgundian Netherlands The Burgundian Netherlands were those parts of the Low Countries ruled by the Dukes of Burgundy during the Burgundian Age between 1384 and 1482. Within their Burgundian State, which itself belonged partly to the Holy Roman Empire and partly t ...

*

Mary of Burgundy Mary of Burgundy (; ; 13 February 1457 – 27 March 1482), nicknamed the Rich, was a member of the House of Valois-Burgundy who ruled the Burgundian lands, comprising the Duchy of Burgundy, Duchy and Free County of Burgundy, County of Burgundy a ...

(reigned 1477–1482) – according to 's book,

Mary of Burgundy Mary of Burgundy (; ; 13 February 1457 – 27 March 1482), nicknamed the Rich, was a member of the House of Valois-Burgundy who ruled the Burgundian lands, comprising the Duchy of Burgundy, Duchy and Free County of Burgundy, County of Burgundy a ...

and

Isabella Clara Eugenia Isabella Clara Eugenia (; 12 August 1566 – 1 December 1633), sometimes referred to as Clara Isabella Eugenia, was sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands, which comprised the Low Countries and the north of modern France, with her husband Albert ...

are included in the list of thirty women sovereigns over European states between 1300 and 1800

Spanish Netherlands The Spanish Netherlands (; ; ; ) (historically in Spanish: , the name "Flanders" was used as a '' pars pro toto'') was the Habsburg Netherlands ruled by the Spanish branch of the Habsburgs from 1556 to 1714. They were a collection of States of t ...

*

Isabella Clara Eugenia Isabella Clara Eugenia (; 12 August 1566 – 1 December 1633), sometimes referred to as Clara Isabella Eugenia, was sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands, which comprised the Low Countries and the north of modern France, with her husband Albert ...

(reigned as independent sovereign 1598–1621) – during her and

Albert Albert may refer to: Companies * Albert Computers, Inc., a computer manufacturer in the 1980s * Albert Czech Republic, a supermarket chain in the Czech Republic * Albert Heijn, a supermarket chain in the Netherlands * Albert Market, a street mar ...

's co-reign period, the

Spanish Netherlands The Spanish Netherlands (; ; ; ) (historically in Spanish: , the name "Flanders" was used as a '' pars pro toto'') was the Habsburg Netherlands ruled by the Spanish branch of the Habsburgs from 1556 to 1714. They were a collection of States of t ...

temporarily had formal independence from Spain

Austrian Netherlands The Austrian Netherlands was the territory of the Burgundian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire between 1714 and 1797. The period began with the acquisition by the Austrian Habsburg monarchy of the former Spanish Netherlands under the Treaty of Ras ...

*

Maria Theresa Maria Theresa (Maria Theresia Walburga Amalia Christina; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was the ruler of the Habsburg monarchy from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position suo jure, in her own right. She was the ...

(reigned 1740–1780) – she was also the sovereign of many other states as ruler of the

Habsburg monarchy The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm (), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities (composite monarchy) that were ruled by the House of Habsburg. From the 18th century it is ...

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Luxembourg, officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in Western Europe. It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France on the south. Its capital and most populous city, Luxembourg ...

* Marie-Adélaïde (reigned 1912–1919) *

Charlotte Charlotte most commonly refers to: *Charlotte (given name), a feminine form of the given name Charles ** Princess Charlotte (disambiguation) ** Queen Charlotte (disambiguation) *Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, a city * Charlotte (cake) ...

(reigned 1919–1964)

= Netherlands

=

= Monaco

=

= United Kingdom and Ireland

=

Picts The Picts were a group of peoples in what is now Scotland north of the Firth of Forth, in the Scotland in the early Middle Ages, Early Middle Ages. Where they lived and details of their culture can be gleaned from early medieval texts and Pic ...

* Pictish Queen, name unknown (reigned c. 617) – in 617, she summoned pirates to massacre Donnán and his companions on the island of

Eigg Eigg ( ; ) is one of the Small Isles in the Scotland, Scottish Inner Hebrides. It lies to the south of the island of Isle of Skye, Skye and to the north of the Ardnamurchan peninsula. Eigg is long from north to south, and east to west. With ...

; she is the only woman ruler mentioned in early

Scottish history The recorded history of Scotland begins with the Scotland during the Roman Empire, arrival of the Roman Empire in the 1st century, when the Roman province, province of Roman Britain, Britannia reached as far north as the Antonine Wall. No ...

Southern Europe

= Albania

= With the fall of the Serbian Empire after 1355, for a period Albania were ruled by local chieftains. In the 14th and 15th centuries

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

conquered the sovereign

Albanian principalities The term Albanian Principalities refers to a number of Principality, principalities (although they functioned more like a series of kingdoms) created in the Middle Ages in Albania and the surrounding regions in the western Balkans that were ruled ...

.

Illyria In classical and late antiquity, Illyria (; , ''Illyría'' or , ''Illyrís''; , ''Illyricum'') was a region in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula inhabited by numerous tribes of people collectively known as the Illyrians. The Ancient Gree ...

*

Caeria Caeria (died 344/343 BC), was an Illyrian queen who reigned in the second part of the fourth century BC. Cynane, a Macedonian princess and daughter of Philip II of Macedon and Audata of Illyria, engaged in battle with Caeria in 344/343 BC. An acco ...

(reigned ?–344/343 BC)

= Bosnia

= *

Jelena Gruba Helen ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=/, Jelena, Јелена; 1345 – after 18 March 1399), also known by the name sh-Latn-Cyrl, label=none, separator=/, Gruba, Груба, ruled the Kingdom of Bosnia from September 1395 until late April or early Ma ...

(reigned 1395–1398)

= Bulgaria

= Odrysian kingdom *

Antonia Tryphaena Antonia Tryphaena also known as Tryphaena of Thrace or Tryphaena (Ancient Greek, Greek: Ἀντωνία Τρύφαινα or Τρυφαίνη, 10 BC – 55 AD) was a Kingdom of Pontus, Pontian Princess and a Ancient Rome, Roman Client Queen of Sapa ...

(reigned 18–38) – she ruled with her son

Rhoemetalces II Rhoemetalces II (Greek: Ροιμητάλκης) was a Client Ruler in association with his mother Antonia Tryphaena of the Sapaean kingdom of Thrace under the Romans. He ruled from 19 until 38 AD.Pythodoris II Pythodoris II or Pythodorida II (Greek: Πυθοδωρίς; reigned AD 38–46) was a client ruler of the Odrysian kingdom of Thrace under Roman rule, in association with her father's cousin Rhoemetalces III. Pythodoris succeeded her mother Anto ...

(reigned 38–46) – she ruled with

Rhoemetalces III Rhoemetalces III () was a king of the Sapaean Thracians. He was the son of Rhescuporis II. In association with his wife Pythodoris II, (daughter of his cousin Cotys III), they were client rulers of the Sapaean kingdom of Thrace under the Romans ...

= Cyprus

=

= Greece

= Kingdom of Epirus * Deidamia II (reigned )

Despotate of Epirus The Despotate of Epirus () was one of the Greek Rump state, successor states of the Byzantine Empire established in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade in 1204 by a branch of the Angelos dynasty. It claimed to be the legitimate successor of the ...

*

Maria Angelina Doukaina Palaiologina Maria Angelina Doukaina Palaiologina or Marija Angelina Nemanjić or Anna Maria Angelina Doukaina Palaiologina (, sr-cyr, Марија Ангелина Немањић; 1349 – 28 December 1394) was a Byzantine Greek- Serbian aristocrat and the ...

(reigned 1384–1385)

Frankokratia The Frankish Occupation (; anglicized as ), also known as the Latin Occupation () and, for the Venetian domains, Venetian Occupation (), was the period in Greek history after the Fourth Crusade (1204), when a number of primarily French ...

Latin Empire The Latin Empire, also referred to as the Latin Empire of Constantinople, was a feudal Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from the Byzantine Empire. The Latin Empire was intended to replace the Byzantin ...

was disestablished in 1261, but Latin states in Greece, also known as

Frankokratia The Frankish Occupation (; anglicized as ), also known as the Latin Occupation () and, for the Venetian domains, Venetian Occupation (), was the period in Greek history after the Fourth Crusade (1204), when a number of primarily French ...

, continued to recognize Latin emperors in exile as their overlords until 1383.

Thessalonica Thessaloniki (; ), also known as Thessalonica (), Saloniki, Salonika, or Salonica (), is the second-largest city in Greece (with slightly over one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area) and the capital city, capital of the geographic reg ...

Two

Byzantine empress The term Roman empress usually refers to the consorts of the Roman emperors, the rulers of the Roman Empire. The duties, power and influence of empresses varied depending on the time period, contemporary politics and the personalities of their h ...

es reigned with autonomy in Thessalonica. *

Irene of Montferrat Yolande of Montferrat ( – 1317 in Drama) (also known as Violante, then Empress Irene) was the second wife of Andronikos II Palaiologos and thus Empress of the Byzantine Empire. She was the heiress of the Margraviate of Montferrat. Life Born ...

(reigned 1303–1317) *

Anna of Savoy Anna of Savoy, born Giovanna (1306–1365), was a Byzantine Empress consort, as the second spouse of Andronikos III Palaiologos. She served as regent, with the titles '' augusta'' and '' autokratorissa'', during the minority of her son John V Pal ...

(reigned 1351–1365)

Polis Polis (: poleis) means 'city' in Ancient Greek. The ancient word ''polis'' had socio-political connotations not possessed by modern usage. For example, Modern Greek πόλη (polē) is located within a (''khôra''), "country", which is a πατ ...

* Cratesipolis (reigned ) — ruler of

Sicyon Sicyon (; ; ''gen''.: Σικυῶνος) or Sikyōn was an ancient Greek city state situated in the northern Peloponnesus between Corinth and Achaea on the territory of the present-day regional unit of Corinthia. The ruins lie just west of th ...

and

Corinth Corinth ( ; , ) is a municipality in Corinthia in Greece. The successor to the ancient Corinth, ancient city of Corinth, it is a former municipality in Corinthia, Peloponnese (region), Peloponnese, which is located in south-central Greece. Sin ...

*

Nicaea Nicaea (also spelled Nicæa or Nicea, ; ), also known as Nikaia (, Attic: , Koine: ), was an ancient Greek city in the north-western Anatolian region of Bithynia. It was the site of the First and Second Councils of Nicaea (the first and seve ...

, ruler of

Corinth Corinth ( ; , ) is a municipality in Corinthia in Greece. The successor to the ancient Corinth, ancient city of Corinth, it is a former municipality in Corinthia, Peloponnese (region), Peloponnese, which is located in south-central Greece. Sin ...

= Italy

=

= Portugal

=

= Romania

=

Transylvania Transylvania ( or ; ; or ; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjen'') is a List of historical regions of Central Europe, historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and ...

The Principality of Transylvania was an autonomous state. *

Catherine of Brandenburg Catherine of Brandenburg (28 May 1602 – 27 August 1649) was an elected Princess of Transylvania between 1629 and 1630. She was the daughter of John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg, and Anna of Prussia. Life Catherine was the youngest daug ...

(reigned 1629–1630)

= Spain and Andorra

= *

Toda of Pamplona Toda Aznárez (Basque: ''Tota Aznar''; died 15 October 958), known as Toda of Pamplona, was queen of Pamplona by her marriage to Sancho I. She ruled the kingdom as regent during the minority of her son García Sánchez I from 931. She was herse ...

(reigned ) — queen of Deio and Lizarrara *

Andregoto Galíndez Andregoto Galíndez, of the County of Aragon, was the Queen of Pamplona by marriage to García Sánchez I, prior to being divorced by him before the year 940. She was the mother of Sancho II of Pamplona. Andregoto was one of two daughters born ...

(reigned ) — queen of Lumbier * Tota of Ribagorza (reigned 1003–1010) — independent countess of Ribagorza *

Mayor García of Castile In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well as ...

(reigned 1010–1025) — independent countess of Ribagorza

= Malta

=

= Montenegro

=

Duklja Duklja ( sr-Cyrl, Дукља; ; ) was a medieval South Slavs, South Slavic state which roughly encompassed the territories of modern-day southeastern Montenegro, from the Bay of Kotor in the west to the Bojana river in the east, and to the sou ...

* Neda (reigned 1043–1046)

Oceania

Australasia

= Australia

= *

Victoria Victoria most commonly refers to: * Queen Victoria (1819–1901), Queen of the United Kingdom and Empress of India * Victoria (state), a state of Australia * Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, a provincial capital * Victoria, Seychelles, the capi ...

(reigned 1901) – Australia became a dominion by the

Federation of Australia The Federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia (which also governed what is now the Northern Territory), and Wester ...

in 1901 * Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–2022)

= New Zealand

= * Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–2022)

Rarotonga Rarotonga is the largest and most populous of the Cook Islands. The island is volcanic, with an area of , and is home to almost 75% of the country's population, with 10,898 of a total population of 15,040. The Parliament of the Cook Islands, Coo ...

*

Makea Takau Ariki Makea Takau Ariki (c. 1839–1911) was a sovereign of the Cook Islands. She was the ''ariki'' (queen) of the dynasty ''Makea Nui'' (Great Makea), one of the three chiefdoms of the tribe '' Te Au O Tonga'' (The mist of the south) on the island ...

, Queen/Supreme High Chiefess of the Cook Islands (reigned 1871–1911) – was the last monarch and only queen regnant of the

Kingdom of Rarotonga The Kingdom of Rarotonga (), named after the island of Rarotonga, was an independent kingdom established in the present-day Cook Islands in 1858. In 1888 it became a protectorate of the United Kingdom at its own request. In 1893 the name was c ...

established in 1858, she ceased to be sovereign after 1888

Melanesia

= Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands

=

Polynesia

= American Samoa

=

* Tuimanufili (reigned as 20th

Tui Manu'a The title Tui Manuʻa was the title of the ruler or paramount chief of the Manuʻa Islands in present-day American Samoa. The Tuʻi Manuʻa Confederacy, or Samoan Empire, are descriptions sometimes given to Samoan expansionism and projected ...

) * Siliave (reigned as 23rd Tui Manu'a) * Seuea (reigned as 27th Tui Manu'a) *

Matelita Tui Manu'a Matelita, born Margaret Young, and also known as Makelita, Matelika or Lika (31 December 1872 – 29 October 1895) was the Tui Manu'a (paramount chief or queen) of Manu'a, a group of islands in the eastern part of the Samoan Islands ( ...

(reigned 1891–1895, as 39th Tui Manu'a)

= French Polynesia

=

Bora Bora Bora Bora (French language, French: ''Bora-Bora''; Tahitian language, Tahitian: ''Pora Pora'') is an island group in the Leeward Islands (Society Islands), Leeward Islands in the Pacific Ocean, South Pacific. The Leeward Islands comprise the we ...

*

Teriimaevarua II Teri'i-maeva-rua II (born Princess Maevarua Pōmare; 23 May, 1841 – 12 February, 1873) was the Queen of Bora Bora from 1860 until her death in 1873. Teri'i-maeva-rua II belonged to the Pōmare dynasty, the royal family of Tahiti, as the daugh ...

(reigned 1860–1873) * Teriimaevarua III (reigned 1873–1895)

Huahine Huahine is an island located among the Society Islands, in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean, South Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Leeward Islands (Society Islands), Leeward Islands group ''(Îles sous le V ...

*

Teha'apapa I Tehaʻapapa I (c. 1735–1810) also called Fatu'araʻi Teri'itariʻa Tei'oatua v. was a sovereign of the island of Huahine. From her first union with Rohianu'u, she had a son named Teriitaria I born in 1765. Rohianu'u died in 1767, and she becam ...

(reigned 1760–1790) * Teri'itaria II (reigned 1815–1852) * Teha'apapa II (reigned 1868–1893) *

Teuhe Temari'i a Teurura'i (1838–1891), also known as Ma'ihara or Teuhe, was a Polynesian queen who ruled the Kingdom of Huahine and Maiʻao from 18 March 1888 to 22 July 1890 under the royal title Teuhe, sometimes recorded as Teuhe II. She was a mem ...

(reigned 1888–1890) – she reigned under a rebellion government against her mother Queen Tehaapapa II * Teha'apapa III (reigned 1893–1895) Raiatea * Tehauroarii (reigned 1881–1884) *

Tuarii Tuarii or Tūari'i (died 1911) was the queen regnant of Raiatea and Tahaa in the Leeward Islands (Society Islands), Leeward Islands of the Society Islands, part of present-day French Polynesia. She was the last monarch of the kingdom of Raiatea- ...

(reigned till 1897) – she reigned under a rebellion government against the French with the support of

Teraupo'o Teraupo'o ( – 23 December 1918) was a Tahitian (Maohi) resistance leader of the islands of Raiatea and Tahaa who fought off French rule from 1887 to 1897 during the decade-long Leeward Islands War. Born during the decades following the Fr ...

after

Tamatoa VI Prince Ariimate Teururai, later known as King Tamatoa VI (7 June 1853 – 15 September 1905), was a member of a Tahitian royal family, the '' House of Teururai'' which reigned on the Tahitian island of Huahiné and Maia'o during the 19th cen ...

abdicated.

Rapa Iti Rapa, also called Rapa Iti, or "Little Rapa", to distinguish it from Easter Island, whose Polynesian name is Rapa Nui, is the largest and only inhabited island of the Bass Islands in French Polynesia. An older name for the island is Oparo. Th ...

*

Daughter of Parima A daughter is a female offspring; a girl or a woman in relation to her parents. Daughterhood is the state, condition or quality of being someone's daughter. The male counterpart is a son. Analogously the name is used in several areas to show re ...

(reigned ?–1887)

Rimatara Rimatara is the westernmost inhabited island in the Austral Islands of French Polynesia. It is located south of Tahiti and west of Rurutu. The land area of Rimatara is , and that of the Maria islets is .Tamaeva IV Tamaeva IV (died 1892) was the reigning queen of the Polynesian island of Rimatara who ruled from 1876 until her death in 1892. French sources refer to her as Temaeva, and one Australian newspaper called her Te Maere, while her tombstone in Rimata ...

(reigned 1876–1892) *

Tamaeva V Tamaeva V or Temaeva V, formally Heimataura Tamatoa Tamaeva V (c. 1830 – 1923), was the ''Arii vahine no Rimatara'' or queen of the island kingdom of Rimatara, an island within the larger Austral Islands archipelago, from 1892 t ...

(reigned 1892–1901)

Tahiti Tahiti (; Tahitian language, Tahitian , ; ) is the largest island of the Windward Islands (Society Islands), Windward group of the Society Islands in French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France. It is located in the central part of t ...

*

Purea Purea, Tevahine-'ai-roro-atua-i-Ahurai, also called ''Oborea'' (floruit 1769), was a queen from the Landward Teva tribe and a self-proclaimed ruler of all Tahiti. Queen Purea is known from the first famous European expeditions to Tahiti. She rule ...

(reigned in the 18th century), queen of the Teva clan on the southern part of the island before unification *

Pōmare IV Pōmare IV (28 February 1813 – 17 September 1877), more properly ʻAimata Pōmare IV Vahine-o-Punuateraʻitua (otherwise known as ʻAimata – "eye-eater", after an old custom of the ruler to eat the eye of the defeated foe), was the Queen of ...

(reigned 1827–1877)

Nuku Hiva Nuku Hiva (sometimes spelled Nukahiva or Nukuhiva) is the largest of the Marquesas Islands in French Polynesia, an overseas country of France in the Pacific Ocean. It was formerly also known as ''Île Marchand'' and ''Madison Island''. Herman M ...

* Vaekehu – her husband died in 1863, but Vaekehu continued to reign on her own as Queen

= Hawaii

=

Hilo Hilo () is the largest settlement in and the county seat of Hawaii County, Hawaiʻi, United States, which encompasses the Island of Hawaiʻi, and is a census-designated place (CDP). The population was 44,186 according to the 2020 census. I ...

*

Ululani Ululani was a Hawaiian chiefess, 7th ''Aliʻi Nui'' (ruler) of Hilo. She is also known as Ululani Nui ("Ululani the Great") and was the most celebrated woman poet of her day. Biography She was a daughter and successor of the chief Mokulani an ...

, 7th Chiefess of Hilo Ko'olau * Hinakaimauli'awa, 2nd Chiefess of Ko'olau *

Mualani Mualani (also called Muolani or simply Mua; ''lani'' = "heaven/sky" in Hawaiian) was a Hawaiian High Chiefess who lived on the island of Oahu and was a Princess of Koʻolau. She was a daughter of Princess Hinakaimauliʻawa of Koʻolau, who was ...

, 3rd Chiefess of Ko'olau * Kaimihauoku, 7th Chiefess of Ko'olau * Holaulani (Kauaohalaulani), 16th Chiefess of Ko'olau * Ipuwai-o-Hoalani, 19th Chiefess of Ko'olau

Molokai Molokai or Molokai ( or ; Molokaʻi dialect: Morotaʻi ) is the fifth most populated of the eight major islands that make up the Hawaiian Islands archipelago in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. It is 38 by 10 miles (61 by 16 km) at its g ...

*

Kapau-a-Nuʻakea Kapau-a-Nuakea was a Chiefess of Molokaʻi. Kapau-a-Nuʻakea was the only known child of Chief Keʻoloʻewa and Chiefess Nuʻakea. Kapau-a-Nuakea and her husband Lanileo’s daughter, Kamauliwahine Kamauliwahine (''wahine'' = “woman”) wa ...

, 3rd Chiefess of Molokai *

Kamauliwahine Kamauliwahine (''wahine'' = “woman”) was Chiefess of Molokaʻi.''Memoirs of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History''. Vol. 6. Kamauliwahine was the only known child of Lanileo and Chiefess Kapau-a-Nuʻa ...

, 4th Chiefess of Molokai *

Hualani Hualani (''hua lani'' = "heavenly fruit") was a High Chiefess of Molokai in ancient Hawaii. Hualani‘s parents were Chiefess Kamauliwahine and Laniaiku. When Hualani discovered that a man named Kanipahu was a chief, she married him. Kanipahu a ...

, 5th Chiefess of Molokai *

Kanealai Kaneʻalai (also known as Kane-a-Laʻe) was a Queen regnant of the Hawaiian island of Molokai, who lived in the 18th century. She ruled as Alii nui of Molokai. She was a daughter of Luahiwa II (of the reigning family of Kauai) and Ka-hoʻoia-a-Pe ...

, Chiefess of Molokai (reigned during the 18th century)

Oʻahu Oahu (, , sometimes written Oahu) is the third-largest and most populated island of the Hawaiian Islands and of the U.S. state of Hawaii. The state capital, Honolulu, is on Oahu's southeast coast. The island of Oahu and the uninhabited Northwe ...

*

Kūkaniloko Kūkaniloko was an ancient Hawaiian noble lady, who became the High Chiefess (Hawaiian: ''Aliʻi Wahine'') of the island of Oahu, and had a long reign. Biography Kūkaniloko was born on Oʻahu as a daughter of High Chief Piliwale and his spous ...

, 11th Moʻi of Oʻahu * Kalaimanuia, 12th Moʻi of Oʻahu (reigned 1600–1665) Hawaiʻi Island * Kaikilani, 17th Moʻi of Hawaiʻi Island (reigned 1575–1605) *

Keakamahana Keakamāhana ( 1610–c. 1665) was an '' aliʻi nui'' of Hawaiʻi Island from c. 1635 to c. 1665. She ruled as sovereign of the island from the royal complex at Hōlualoa Bay. Life She was the eldest daughter of the King Keakealanikane, the f ...

, 19th Moʻi of Hawaiʻi Island (reigned 1635–1665) * Keakealaniwahine, 20th Moʻi of Hawaiʻi Island (reigned 1665–1695) *

Kalanikauleleiaiwi Kalanikauleleiaiwi was a High Chiefess (''aliʻi nui'') of the island of Hawaiʻi. She was considered to be the co-ruler of the island of Hawaiʻi with her half-brother, Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku, the 21st Aliʻi nui of Hawaii. Their shared ...

, 21st Moʻi of Hawaiʻi Island (reigned 1695–1725) — co-ruler with her brother

Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku (c. 1660 – c. 1725) was the king of Hawaiʻi Island in the late 17th century. He was the great-grandfather of Kamehameha I, the first King of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He was a progenitor of the House of Keawe. Bi ...

Kauaʻi Kauai (), anglicized as Kauai ( or ), is one of the main Hawaiian Islands. It has an area of 562.3 square miles (1,456.4 km2), making it the fourth-largest of the islands and the 21st-largest island in the United States. Kauai lies 73 mi ...

*

Kamakahelei Kamakahelei (c. 18th century - 1794), was the 22nd alii nui, or High Chiefess regnant, of the island of Kauai. She was the ruling chiefess of Kauai from 1770 - 1794. In some historical references she has been described as a regent for her sons Kea ...

, 22nd Moʻi of Kauaʻi (reigned 1770–1794)

Kingdom of Hawaii The Hawaiian Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian language, Hawaiian:

ɛ ɐwˈpuni həˈvɐjʔi Latin epsilon or open E (majuscule: Ɛ, minuscule: ɛ) is a letter of the extended Latin alphabet, based on the lowercase of the Greek letter epsilon (ε). It was introduced in the 16th century by Gian Giorgio Trissino to represent the pronunc ...

, was an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country from 1795 to 1893, which eventually encompassed all of the inhabited Hawaii ...

*

Liliʻuokalani Queen Liliʻuokalani (; Lydia Liliʻu Loloku Walania Kamakaʻeha; September 2, 1838 – November 11, 1917) was the only queen regnant and the last sovereign monarch of the Hawaiian Kingdom, ruling from January 29, 1891, until the overthrow of th ...

(reigned 1891–1893 and claimed status as queen until her death in 1917) – the only queen regnant of the

Kingdom of Hawaii The Hawaiian Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian language, Hawaiian:

ɛ ɐwˈpuni həˈvɐjʔi Latin epsilon or open E (majuscule: Ɛ, minuscule: ɛ) is a letter of the extended Latin alphabet, based on the lowercase of the Greek letter epsilon (ε). It was introduced in the 16th century by Gian Giorgio Trissino to represent the pronunc ...

, was an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country from 1795 to 1893, which eventually encompassed all of the inhabited Hawaii ...

established by

Kamehameha I Kamehameha I (; Kalani Paiʻea Wohi o Kaleikini Kealiʻikui Kamehameha o ʻIolani i Kaiwikapu kauʻi Ka Liholiho Kūnuiākea; to May 8 or 14, 1819), also known as Kamehameha the Great, was the conqueror and first ruler of the Kingdom of Hawaii ...

= Tonga

= * Tupoumahe'ofo (reigned 1777–1781, as Tu'i Kanokupolu) * Salote Tupou III (reigned 1918–1965)

= Tuvalu

= * Elizabeth II (reigned 1978–2022)

= Wallis and Futuna

=

Uvea The uvea (; derived from meaning "grape"), also called the uveal layer, uveal coat, uveal tract, vascular tunic or vascular layer, is the pigmented middle layer of the three concentric layers that make up an eye, precisely between the inne ...

*

Toifale Toifale (died 1829), was a ruling Queen of Uvea between 1825 and 1829.Bernard Vienne et Daniel Frimigacci, « Les fondations du royaume de ’Uvea. Une histoire à revisiter », Journal de la Société des Océanistes, nos 122-123, 1er décembre 20 ...

(reigned 1825) *

Falakika Seilala Falakika Seilala (died 20 February 1869), was a Queen of Uvea, ruling from 1858 until 1869. She introduced the title '' Lavelua'' for all the kings and queens of Uvea. She succeeded her brother Soane-Patita Vaimua Lavelua, and was succeeded by her ...

(reigned 1858–1869) *

Amelia Tokagahahau Aliki Amelia Tokagahahau Aliki (c. 1845 - 10 March 1895) was a queen of Uvea, ruling from 1869 until 1895. She was preceded by her aunt Falakika Seilala Falakika Seilala (died 20 February 1869), was a Queen of Uvea, ruling from 1858 until 1869. She i ...

(reigned 1869–1895) *

Aloisia Brial Aloisia Brial (died 1972) was a queen of Uvea, ruling from 1953 until 1958.Guillaume Lachenal, Le médecin qui voulut être roi. Sur les traces d'une utopie coloniale, Editions du Seuil, 9 février 2017 (ISBN 978-2-02-114258-7 She was preceded b ...

(reigned 1953–1958)

Legendary and mythological monarchs

Chile

* Gaboimilla

China

*

Nüwa Nüwa, also read Nügua, is a mother goddess, culture hero, and/or member of the Three Sovereigns of Chinese mythology. She is a goddess in Chinese folk religion, Chinese Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism. She is credited with creating humani ...

, the only female among

Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors According to Chinese mythology and traditional Chinese historiography, the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors () were a series of sage Chinese emperors, and the first Emperors of China. Today, they are considered culture heroes, but they wer ...

*

Queen Mother of the West The Queen Mother of the West, known by #Names, various local names, is a mother goddess in Chinese folk religion, Chinese religion and Chinese mythology, mythology, also worshipped later in neighbouring countries. She is attested from ancient ...

* Queen of the Aini people (爱尼人), a branch of the

Hani people The Hani or Ho people (Hani language, Hani: ''Haqniq''; zh, c=哈尼族, p=Hānízú; / 𠊛何贰) are a Loloish languages, Lolo-speaking ethnic group in Southern China, Northern Laos, and Vietnam. They form one of the 56 List of ethnic g ...

Congo

Kuba Kingdom

Women written in italics in the list of

Kuba Kingdom The Kuba Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of the Bakuba or Bushongo, is a traditional kingdom in Central Africa. The Kuba Kingdom flourished between the 17th and 19th centuries in the region bordered by the Sankuru River, Sankuru, Lulua Rive ...

rulers: *Lobamba *Gokare *Sanga Motunu *Pelama Pena *Boeke *Sanga Lenga *Bosh Akama *Kele Kama *Bolueme

Czechia

*

Libuše , Libussa, Libushe or, historically ''Lubossa'', is a legendary ancestor of the Přemyslid dynasty and the Czechs, Czech people as a whole. According to legend, she was the youngest but wisest of three sisters, who became queen after their father ...

, female ruler of

Bohemia Bohemia ( ; ; ) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. In a narrow, geographic sense, it roughly encompasses the territories of present-day Czechia that fall within the Elbe River's drainage basin, but historic ...

*

Valasca Valasca is a woman mentioned in the ''History of Bohemia'' by Aeneas Silvius (Pope Pius II). She was also called Vlasta and was supporter of the mythical Bohemian Princess Libuše. Life Valasca led a female rebellion against the rule of Přemys ...

Denmark

* Asa – she was described in ''

Chronicon Lethrense ( Danish: English: ''Chronicle of Lejre/Leire'') is a small Danish medieval work from the late 12th century, written in Latin. Themes Unlike '' Chronicon Roskildense'', which deals primarily with information presented as real historical facts ...

'' * Hethae – she was described in ''

Chronicon Lethrense ( Danish: English: ''Chronicle of Lejre/Leire'') is a small Danish medieval work from the late 12th century, written in Latin. Themes Unlike '' Chronicon Roskildense'', which deals primarily with information presented as real historical facts ...

''

Easter Island

* Vakai, queen of Kingdom of Rapa Nui

Ecuador

*

Paccha Duchicela Paccha Duchicela (1485–1525), was, according to the priest Juan de Velasco, a queen regnant of Quito in 1487–1525 and co-reigned with her husband Huayna Capac, the Emperor of Inca Empire. As all the kings and queens of Quito, she is only mentio ...

, queen of the

Egypt

*

Nitocris Nitocris () possibly was the last queen of the Sixth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. Her name is found in writings long considered as relatively accurate resources: a major chronological documentation of the reigns of the kings of ancient Egypt that wa ...

of the

Sixth Dynasty The Sixth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty VI), along with the Third Dynasty of Egypt, Third, Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, Fourth and Fifth Dynasty of Egypt, Fifth Dynasty, constitutes the Old Kingdom of Egypt, Old Kingdom of Dynastic Egyp ...

– Nitocris is mentioned within

Herodotus Herodotus (; BC) was a Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus (now Bodrum, Turkey), under Persian control in the 5th century BC, and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria, Italy. He wrote the '' Histori ...

' book ''Histories'' as being the last Pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt. * Charoba – A queen mentioned in a history of Egypt written by 12th-century Arab writer Murtada ibn al-'Afif. * Daluka of the ''Soleyman'' Dynasty – An

Antediluvian The antediluvian (alternatively pre-diluvian or pre-flood) period is the time period chronicled in the Bible between the fall of man and the Genesis flood narrative in biblical cosmology. The term was coined by Thomas Browne (1605–1682). The n ...

monarch from medieval Coptic and Arabic texts who supposedly built a wall around Egypt to protect the country from invasion and also was said to have built a pyramid and a

nilometer A nilometer is a structure for measuring the Nile River's clarity and water level during the Flooding of the Nile, annual flood season in Egypt. There were three main types of nilometers, calibrated in Egyptian cubits: (1) a vertical column, (2) ...

at

Memphis Memphis most commonly refers to: * Memphis, Egypt, a former capital of ancient Egypt * Memphis, Tennessee, a major American city Memphis may also refer to: Places United States * Memphis, Alabama * Memphis, Florida * Memphis, Indiana * Mem ...

. Sometimes claimed to be a cousin of Charoba and her immediate successor. * Borsa of the ''Soleyman'' Dynasty – Mentioned in medieval Coptic and Arabic texts as a ruler of Egypt in the

Antediluvian The antediluvian (alternatively pre-diluvian or pre-flood) period is the time period chronicled in the Bible between the fall of man and the Genesis flood narrative in biblical cosmology. The term was coined by Thomas Browne (1605–1682). The n ...

era. Sometimes described as a "priestess".

Ethiopia

The following names all come from a regnal list written in 1922, which is partially based on native traditions and older regnal lists, but also contains additional names of Coptic and Nubian origin, the latter due to its association with the word "''

Aethiopia Ancient Aethiopia, () first appears as a geographical term in classical documents in reference to the skin color of the inhabitants of the upper Nile in northern Sudan, of areas south of the Sahara, and of certain areas in Asia. Its earliest men ...

''" in ancient and Biblical texts. Claimed dates follow the

Ethiopian calendar The Ethiopian calendar (; ; ), or Geʽez calendar (Geʽez: ; Tigrinya: , ) is the official state civil calendar of Ethiopia and serves as an unofficial customary cultural calendar in Eritrea, and among Ethiopians and Eritreans in the dia ...

. * Borsa (reigned 4321–4254 BC) – Originated from Coptic tradition. * Eylouka (reigned 3776–3731 BC) – Originated from Coptic tradition. * Nehasset Nais (reigned 2434–2404 BC) * Kasiyope (reigned 1890–1871 BC) – Originated from

Greek mythology Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the Ancient Greece, ancient Greeks, and a genre of ancient Greek folklore, today absorbed alongside Roman mythology into the broader designation of classical mythology. These stories conc ...

. * Mumazes reigned (1675–1671 BC) – Daughter of king Bonu I. * Aruas (reigned 1671 BC) – Daughter of Mumazes. * Helena (reigned 1358–1347 BC) * Makeda (reigned 1013–982 BC) – The

Biblical The Bible is a collection of religious texts that are central to Christianity and Judaism, and esteemed in other Abrahamic religions such as Islam. The Bible is an anthology (a compilation of texts of a variety of forms) biblical languages ...

queen of Sheba in Ethiopian tradition and mother of

Menelik I Menelik I ( Ge'ez: ምኒልክ, ''Mənilək'') was the legendary first Emperor of Ethiopia's Solomonic dynasty. According to '' Kebra Nagast'', a 14th-century national epic, in the 10th century BC he is said to have inaugurated the Solomonic d ...

. She succeeded to the throne after the death of her father king Kawnasya. * Nicauta Kandake I (reigned 740–730 BC) * Hadina (reigned 372–362 BC) – Most

regnal lists of Ethiopia Regnal lists of Ethiopia are recorded lists of monarchs who are claimed by tradition to have ruled Ethiopian Empire, Ethiopia. These lists are often recorded on manuscripts or Oral tradition, orally by Monastery, monasteries and have been passed dow ...

claim this monarch reigned for 9 years. * Nikawla Kandake II (reigned 342–332 BC) – An alternate name for the

Queen of Sheba The Queen of Sheba, also known as Bilqis in Arabic and as Makeda in Geʽez, is a figure first mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. In the original story, she brings a caravan of valuable gifts for Solomon, the fourth King of Israel and Judah. This a ...

* Akawsis Kandake III (reigned 325–315 BC) * Nikosis Kandake IV (reigned 242–232 BC) * Awsena (reigned 99–88 BC) – Most

regnal lists of Ethiopia Regnal lists of Ethiopia are recorded lists of monarchs who are claimed by tradition to have ruled Ethiopian Empire, Ethiopia. These lists are often recorded on manuscripts or Oral tradition, orally by Monastery, monasteries and have been passed dow ...

claim this monarch reigned for 1 year. * Nicotnis Kandake V (reigned 35–25 BC) * Garsemot Kandake VI (reigned 40–50 AD) – Supposedly the ''

Kandake Kandake, kadake or kentake ( Meroitic: 𐦲𐦷𐦲𐦡 ''kdke''),Kirsty Rowan"Revising the Sound Value of Meroitic D: A Phonological Approach,"''Beitrage zur Sudanforschung'' 10 (2009). often ''Latinised'' as Candace (, ''Kandakē''), was the Mer ...

'' from the Biblical story of the

Ethiopian Eunuch The Ethiopian eunuch is a figure in the New Testament of the Bible. The story of his conversion to Christianity at the preaching of Philip the Evangelist is recounted in Acts 8. He is a foundational figure of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. ...

. * Wakana (reigned 230 AD) – Reigned for 2 days. * Ahywa Sofya (reigned 299–332 AD) – Likely based on

Sofya of Axum Sophia, also spelled Sofia, is a feminine given name, from Greek Σοφία, '' Sophía'', "Wisdom". Other forms include Sophie, Sophy, and Sofie. History The given name is first recorded in the beginning of the 4th century. Popularity Sop ...

, mother of

Ezana Ezana (, ''‘Ezana'', unvocalized ዐዘነ ''‘zn''), (, ''Aezana'') was the ruler of the Kingdom of Aksum (320s – ). One of the best-documented rulers of Aksum, Ezana is important as he first adopted for his country the religion of Christ ...

. * Adhana I (reigned 369–374 AD) – Some

regnal lists of Ethiopia Regnal lists of Ethiopia are recorded lists of monarchs who are claimed by tradition to have ruled Ethiopian Empire, Ethiopia. These lists are often recorded on manuscripts or Oral tradition, orally by Monastery, monasteries and have been passed dow ...

claim this monarch reigned for 14 years. * Adhana II (reigned 412–418 AD) – Some regnal lists claim this monarch co-ruled with king Abreha III.

Kingdom of Simien

*

Gudit Gudit () is the Classical Ethiopic name for a personage also known as Yodit in Tigrinya, and Amharic, but also Isato in Amharic, and Ga'wa in Ţilţal. The person behind these various alternative names is portrayed as a powerful female rul ...

(reigned )

Sidama people

*

Furra Furra or Fura was a medieval queen (''Nigist'') of the Sidama region in southern Ethiopia. According to oral tradition, she ruled for about seven years in the 14th or 15th century, encouraging the women and oppressing the men, especially the bal ...

French Polynesia

*

Queen Mamea Queen Mamea (before – after 1896) was the name given to a ruler of Raiatea and Huahine in the Society Islands by English speaking European and American newspapers during the annexation of the Leeward Islands. According to erroneous newspa ...

Greece

*

Omphale In Greek mythology, Omphale (; ) was princess of the kingdom of Lydia in Asia Minor. Diodorus Siculus provides the first appearance of the Omphale theme in literature, though Aeschylus was aware of the episode. The Greeks did not recognize her a ...

of

Lydia Lydia (; ) was an Iron Age Monarchy, kingdom situated in western Anatolia, in modern-day Turkey. Later, it became an important province of the Achaemenid Empire and then the Roman Empire. Its capital was Sardis. At some point before 800 BC, ...

, wife of Heracles *

Gerana Gerana, sometimes also called Oenoe, is a queen of the Pygmy folk in Greek mythology, who incurred the wrath of the goddess Hera and was subsequently turned into a bird bearing her name, the crane. This aetiological tale explains the ancient ri ...

, queen of

Pygmy In anthropology, pygmy peoples are ethnic groups whose average height is unusually short. The term pygmyism is used to describe the phenotype of endemic short stature (as opposed to disproportionate dwarfism occurring in isolated cases in a po ...

*

Callidice of Thesprotia In Greek mythology, Callidice (; ) is a queen of Thesprotia in Epirus, an ancient region in northwestern Greece. In the ''Telegony'', the lost sequel to the ''Odyssey'', she marries the wandering hero Odysseus when he visits her land after the en ...

Amazons

*

Otrera In Greek mythology, Otrera ( ''Otrērē'') was the founder and first Queen of the Amazons; the consort of Ares and mother of Hippolyta and Penthesilea. She is credited with being the founder of the shrine of Artemis in Ephesus. Mythology Quee ...

, the daughter of Eurus (the east wind) *

Hippolyta In Greek mythology, Hippolyta, or Hippolyte (; ''Hippolytē''), was a daughter of Ares and Otrera,Hyginus, ''Fabulae'', 30 queen of the Amazons, and a sister of Antiope and Melanippe. She wore her father Ares' ''zoster'', the Greek word foun ...

, the Amazonian queen who possessed a magical girdle *

Penthesilea Penthesilea () was an Amazonian queen in Greek mythology, the daughter of Ares and Otrera and the sister of Hippolyta, Antiope, and Melanippe. She assisted Troy in the Trojan War, during which she was killed by Achilles or Neoptolemus. The ...

, the daughter of Ares and Otrera and the sister of Hippolyta, Antiope and Melanippe * Antianara, the daughter of Ares and Otrera and the sister of Hippolyta, Antiope and Melanippe *

Eurypyle In Greek mythology, Eurypyle (Ancient Greek: Εὐρυπύλη) may refer to the following personages: * Eurypyle, an Amazon queen. * Eurypyle, another name for Eurycyda. * Eurypyle, a Thespian princess as one of the 50 daughters of King Thespius ...

*

Lampedo Lampedo (Greek for "burning torch"; also Lampeto) is an Amazon queen mentioned in Roman historiography. She ruled with her sister Marpesia. The sisters called themselves daughters of Mars to put terror in the heart of their enemies to show they wer ...

*

Marpesia In ancient Greek and Roman legendary history, Marpesia (Greek: Μαρπησία "Snatcher"; sometimes wrongly spelled Marthesia) was Queen of the Amazons with Lampedo ("burning torch"), her sister, as a co-ruler. They ruled with Hippo ("horse ...

*

Aegea Aegea is a back-formation from " Aegean", the sea that was named after an eponymous Aegeus in early levels of Greek mythology. The ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (1911) mentioned an Aegea, queen of the Amazons, as an alternative eponym of the Aegean ...

* Myrina *

Orithyia In Greek mythology, Orithyia or Oreithyia (; ; ) was the name of the following women: *Orithyia or Orythya, the Nereid of raging seas and one of the 50 marine-nymph daughters of the ' Old Man of the Sea' Nereus and the Oceanid Doris. She and he ...

* Antiope * Thalestris

Iceland

*

Brunhild Brunhild, also known as Brunhilda or Brynhild ( , , or ), is a female character from Germanic heroic legend. She may have her origins in the Visigoths, Visigothic princess and queen Brunhilda of Austrasia. In the Norse tradition, Brunhild i ...

– in the ''

Nibelungenlied The (, or ; or ), translated as ''The Song of the Nibelungs'', is an epic poetry, epic poem written around 1200 in Middle High German. Its anonymous poet was likely from the region of Passau. The is based on an oral tradition of Germanic hero ...

'', she is first presented as the ruling queen of Iceland

India

* , ruler of Kashmir – she was described in ''

Rajatarangini ''Rājataraṅgiṇī'' (Sanskrit: Devanagari, राजतरङ्गिणी, IAST, romanized: ''rājataraṅgiṇī'', International Phonetic Alphabet, IPA: Help:IPA/Sanskrit, �ɑː.d͡ʑɐ.t̪ɐˈɾɐŋ.ɡi.ɳiː ) is a metrical legend ...

'' * Pandaie

Indonesia

* Mahisa Suramardini Warmandewi, queen of

Salakanagara The Salakanagara Kingdom is a mythical Indianised kingdom in Western Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With ...

(reigned 276–289 AD) * Sphatikarnawa Warmandewi, queen of

Salakanagara The Salakanagara Kingdom is a mythical Indianised kingdom in Western Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With ...

(reigned 340–348 AD)

Iran

*

Humay Chehrzad Humay-ē Chehrzad (Middle Persian: ''Humag'', Avestan: ''Humāiiā'') was a legendary Kayanian dynasty queen of Iran for around 32 years. She was daughter and perhaps also wife (sources vary) of Kay Bahman. Rule Bahman becomes ill when Humay is 6 ...

Iraq

*

Kubaba Kubaba (, ) was a legendary Mesopotamian queen who according to the ''Sumerian King List'' ruled over Kish for a hundred years before the rise of the dynasty of Akshak. It is typically assumed that she was not a historical figure. Name Kubaba' ...

of

Kish Kish may refer to: Businesses and organisations * KISH, a radio station in Guam * Kish Air, an Iranian airline * Korean International School in Hanoi, Vietnam People * Kish (surname), including a list of people with the name * Kish, a former ...

, the only queen on the ''

Sumerian King List The ''Sumerian King List'' (abbreviated ''SKL'') or ''Chronicle of the One Monarchy'' is an ancient Composition (language), literary composition written in Sumerian language, Sumerian that was likely created and redacted to legitimize the claims ...

'' (reigned in the 25th century BC) *

Semiramis Semiramis (; ''Šammīrām'', ''Šamiram'', , ''Samīrāmīs'') was the legendary Lydian- Babylonian wife of Onnes and of Ninus, who succeeded the latter on the throne of Assyria, according to Movses Khorenatsi. Legends narrated by Diodorus ...

of

Assyria Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: , ''māt Aššur'') was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization that existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC and eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC t ...

, claimed to be

Shammuramat Shammuramat ( Akkadian: ''Sammu-rāmat'' or ''Sammu-ramāt''), also known as Sammuramat or Shamiram and Semiramis, was a powerful queen of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Beginning her career as the primary consort of the king Shamshi-Adad V (824–81 ...

*

Nitocris of Babylon Nitocris of Babylon (c. 550 BC) is an otherwise unknown queen regnant of Babylon described by Herodotus in his ''Histories''. According to ''Histories'' of Herodotus, among sovereigns of Babylon two were women, Semiramis and Nitocris. Nitocris i ...

, the ruling queen of

Babylon Babylon ( ) was an ancient city located on the lower Euphrates river in southern Mesopotamia, within modern-day Hillah, Iraq, about south of modern-day Baghdad. Babylon functioned as the main cultural and political centre of the Akkadian-s ...

described by

Herodotus Herodotus (; BC) was a Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus (now Bodrum, Turkey), under Persian control in the 5th century BC, and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria, Italy. He wrote the '' Histori ...

in his ''Histories'' * Queen Zidam – according to the legend of

Bayajidda Bayajidda ( Hausa with tone markings: Bàyā̀jiddà) (real name: Abu Yazid) was, according to the legends surrounding most West African states before the 19th century, the founder of the Hausa states. Most accounts say that Bayajidda came from B ...

, she conquered

Baghdad Baghdad ( or ; , ) is the capital and List of largest cities of Iraq, largest city of Iraq, located along the Tigris in the central part of the country. With a population exceeding 7 million, it ranks among the List of largest cities in the A ...

Ireland

*

Macha Macha () was a sovereignty goddess of ancient Ireland associated with the province of Ulster, particularly the sites of Navan Fort (''Eamhain Mhacha'') and Armagh (''Ard Mhacha''), which are named after her.Koch, John T. ''Celtic Culture: A Hi ...

, (reigned 661–654 BC) *

Medb Medb (), later spelled Meadhbh (), Méabh(a) () and Méibh (), and often anglicised as Maeve ( ), is queen of Connacht in the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology. Her husband in the core stories of the cycle is Ailill mac Máta, although she had ...

, Queen of

Connacht Connacht or Connaught ( ; or ), is the smallest of the four provinces of Ireland, situated in the west of Ireland. Until the ninth century it consisted of several independent major Gaelic kingdoms (Uí Fiachrach, Uí Briúin, Uí Maine, C ...

Japan

*

Empress Jingū was a Legend, legendary Japanese empress who ruled as a regent following her Emperor Chūai, husband's death in 200 AD. Both the and the (collectively known as the ''Kiki'') record events that took place during Jingū's alleged lifetime. Legen ...

(reigned 201–269) * Princess Iitoyo (reigned 484; disputed) * Kamu-nashi-hime (神夏磯媛), female ''

Tsuchigumo is a historical Japanese derogatory term for renegade local clans, primarily during the Asuka, Nara, and early Heian periods, and also the name for a race of spider-like in Japanese folklore. Alternative names for the historical groups include , ...

'' of Hōfu-shi (防府市) Nihon Shoki, vol. 7 * Hayatsuhime (速津媛), female ''

Tsuchigumo is a historical Japanese derogatory term for renegade local clans, primarily during the Asuka, Nara, and early Heian periods, and also the name for a race of spider-like in Japanese folklore. Alternative names for the historical groups include , ...

'' of Hayami-gun (速見郡) * (田油津媛), female ''

Tsuchigumo is a historical Japanese derogatory term for renegade local clans, primarily during the Asuka, Nara, and early Heian periods, and also the name for a race of spider-like in Japanese folklore. Alternative names for the historical groups include , ...

'' of Yamato-gun (山門郡) * , ruler of

Yonaguni , one of the Yaeyama Islands, is the westernmost island of Japan, lying from the east coast of Taiwan, between the East China Sea and the Philippine Sea. The island is administered as the Towns of Japan, town of Yonaguni, Okinawa, Yonaguni, Ya ...

Korea

*

Lady Saso Lady Saso () is said to be the mother of Hyeokgeose of Silla first introduced in ''Samguk Yusa''. Also known as the ''Sacred Mother of Mt. Seondo'' (Hangul: 선도산), legends say she was a princess from the Buyeo royal family. She gave birth to ...

, honorary queen regnant of

Silla Silla (; Old Korean: wikt:徐羅伐#Old Korean, 徐羅伐, Yale romanization of Korean, Yale: Syerapel, Revised Romanization of Korean, RR: ''Seorabeol''; International Phonetic Alphabet, IPA: ) was a Korean kingdom that existed between ...

* Queen of Jeoknyeo-guk – Talhae's mother was the princess of ''Jeoknyeo-guk'' (), an island country where only women lived * Queen of

Tamna Tamna () was a kingdom based on Jeju Island from ancient times until it was absorbed by the Korean Joseon dynasty in 1404, following a long period of being a tributary state or autonomous administrative region of various Korean kingdoms. The Go ...

– she is mentioned in the legend of Mountain Shrine and Lady Shring in the Bongnae Mountain (봉래산 산제당과 아씨당) * Hongranyeo () – according to the legend of ''Yeowangjwagangsanhyeong'' (), she became the monarch of

Balhae Balhae,, , ) also rendered as Bohai or Bohea, and called Jin (; ) early on, was a multiethnic kingdom established in 698 by Dae Joyeong (Da Zuorong). It was originally known as the Kingdom of Jin (震, Zhen) until 713 when its name was changed ...

Libya

* Cyrene, queen of the city Cyrene *

Lamia Lamia (; ), in ancient Greek mythology, was a child-eating monster and, in later tradition, was regarded as a type of night-haunting spirit or "daimon". In the earliest myths, Lamia was a beautiful queen of ancient Libya who had an affair with ...

, queen of Libya

Malaysia

Mexico

Aztec Empire

*

Atotoztli II Atotoztli ( ) or Huitzilxochtzin ( ) was an Aztec princess and possible regent. She was a daughter of the Aztec emperor Moctezuma I and Chichimecacihuatzin I, the daughter of Cuauhtototzin, the ruler of Cuauhnahuac. Life She married Tezozomoc ...

(possibly reigned 1466–1472, disputed)

Myanmar

* Panhtwar

Norway

*

Lagertha Lagertha, according to legend, was a Viking ruler and shield-maiden from what is now Norway, and the onetime wife of the famous Viking Ragnar Lodbrok. Her tale was recorded by the chronicler Saxo Grammaticus, Saxo in the 12th century. According t ...

Pakistan

* Nur Bakht Khatun of

Trakhan Dynasty Gilgit-Baltistan is an administrative territory of Pakistan that borders the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, Azad Kashmir to the southwest, Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan to the northwest, the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China ...

* the Dareli queen of

Trakhan Dynasty Gilgit-Baltistan is an administrative territory of Pakistan that borders the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, Azad Kashmir to the southwest, Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan to the northwest, the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China ...

Peru

*

Poland

*

Wanda Wanda is a female given name of Poland, Polish origin. It probably derives from the tribal name of the Wends.Campbell, Mike"Meaning, Origin, and History of the Name Wanda" ''Behind the Name.'' Retrieved August 12, 2010. The name has long been popu ...

Russia

*

Narchat Narchat, Narchatka, Naricha () was a Moksha Queen,Лебедев В. И. Загадочный город Мохши, Пенза, 1958, p.15 ruler of Mukhsha Ulus. She was daughter and successor of king Puresh and sister of Atämaz. Historical ...

Somaliland

*

Arawelo Queen ʿArrawelo or ʿArraweelo ' (), also known as Ebla Awad, was a proto-Somali Queen in traditional folklore. Biography Arawelo is said to have been based in lands inhabited by the Habr Je'lo clan, specifically a place called Murihi in the Sana ...

* Kola, queen of

Abasa ʻAbasa (, "He Frowned") is the 80th chapter (''sura'') of the Qur'an, with 42 verses ('' ayat''). It is a Meccan sura. The Surah is so designated after the word `abasa with which it opens. Summary *1-11 The Surah starts by rebuking someone ...

South Africa

* Majaji (reigned )

Spain

*

Queen Lupa Queen Lupa (also known as Raíña Lupa, Raíña Lopa, Raíña Luparia, Raíña Luca and Raíña Loba) is a character from Galician mythology. She is mentioned in both the ''Codex Calixtinus'' and the ''Golden Legend'' involving the translation of ...

Sri Lanka

*

Kuveni Kuveni, (කුවේණි/குவேணி) also known as Sesapathi or Kuvanna or Leelawathi, was a Yakshini queen in Sri Lanka mentioned in the ancient Pali chronicles '' Mahavansa'' and '' Dipavansa'' of the Sinhalese people. The primary ...

, queen of

Yakkha people of Sri Lanka The Yakshas (, , ) in Mythology are a broad class of nature spirits, usually benevolent, but sometimes mischievous or capricious, connected with water, fertility, trees, the forest, treasure and wilderness. They appear in Hindu, Jain and Budd ...

before the founding of

Kingdom of Tambapanni The Kingdom of Tambapaṇṇī () was the first Sinhalese kingdom in Sri Lanka. Its administrative centre was based at Tambapaṇṇī. It existed between 543 BC and 437 BC. According to the Mahavamsa, the Kingdom was founded by Prince Vijay ...

*

Alli Raani Alli Rani (), also known as Alli arasi , is a legendary Tamil queen of the Sangam period, who is thought to have ruled the whole western and northern coast of Sri Lanka from her capital Kudiramalai. According to folklore, her fort, Allirani fort, ...

Sudan

* Pelekh

Candace of Meroë Candace may refer to: People and titles * Kandake, or Candace, term for the sister of the king of Kush * Candace (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the name * Gratien Candace (1873–1953), a politician from Gu ...

(reigned )

Syria

* al-Zabba', claimed to be

Zenobia Septimia Zenobia (Greek: Ζηνοβία, Palmyrene Aramaic: , ; 240 – c. 274) was a third-century queen of the Palmyrene Empire in Syria. Many legends surround her ancestry; she was probably not a commoner, and she married the ruler of the ...

Tunisia

*

Dido Dido ( ; , ), also known as Elissa ( , ), was the legendary founder and first queen of the Phoenician city-state of Carthage (located in Tunisia), in 814 BC. In most accounts, she was the queen of the Phoenician city-state of Tyre (located ...

(reigned 814–) – also known as ''Alyssa''. Founder of

Carthage Carthage was an ancient city in Northern Africa, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now Tunisia. Carthage was one of the most important trading hubs of the Ancient Mediterranean and one of the most affluent cities of the classic ...

, according to tradition

Turkey

*

Onomaris Onomaris was a Celtic queen regnant. She is described in the anonymous collection of Greek stories known in Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin w ...

, Queen of the

Galatians Galatians may refer to: * Galatians (people) * Epistle to the Galatians, a book of the New Testament * English translation of the Greek ''Galatai'' or Latin ''Galatae'', ''Galli,'' or ''Gallograeci'' to refer to either the Galatians or the Gauls in ...

* Queen of Kanesh

Turkmenistan

*

Zarinaea Zarinaea also referred to as Zarinaia (Saka: ; ; ) or Zarina was a queen of one of the Saka tribes or of the Dahae of the 7th century BCE who is mentioned by the Greek author Diodorus Siculus. Name The name is the Latin form of the Greek name ( ...

, legendary Sacae woman ruler of the

Dahae The Dahae, also known as the Daae, Dahas or Dahaeans (; ; , ; , ; , ; ; zh, t=大益, p=Dàyì; Persian language, Persian: ) were an Ancient Iranian peoples, ancient Eastern Iranian nomadic tribal confederation, who inhabited the steppes of Ce ...

United Kingdom

*

Queen Gwendolen Gwendolen, also known as ''Gwendolin'', or ''Gwendolyn'' (Latin: Guendoloēna) was a legendary ruler of ancient Britain. She came to power in 1115BC. As told by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his historical account ''Historia Regum Britanniae'', she w ...

(reigned in the 11th century BC) *

Queen Cordelia Cordelia (or Cordeilla) was a legendary Queen of the Britons, as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. She came to power in 855BC. She was the youngest daughter of Leir and the second ruling queen of pre-Roman Britain. There is no independent his ...

(reigned in the 8th century BC) *

Queen Marcia Marcia was the legendary third female ruler and a regent of the Britons, as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. She is presented by Geoffrey as "one of the most illustrious and praiseworthy of women in early British history".Barefield, Laura D., ''Ge ...

(reigned in the 4th century BC) *

Hermuthruda Hermuthruda, Hermutrude (Old English: Eormenthryth) was a figure in Scandinavian romance. The chief authority for the legend of Hermuthruda is the Danish chronicle ''Gesta Danorum'' by Saxo Grammaticus. Described as "the wild queen of Scotland", s ...

Vatican City

*

Pope Joan Pope Joan (''Ioannes Anglicus'', 855–857) is a woman who purportedly reigned as popess (female pope) for two years during the Middle Ages. Her story first appeared in chronicles in the 13th century and subsequently spread throughout Europe. ...

, legendary monarch of the

Papal States The Papal States ( ; ; ), officially the State of the Church, were a conglomeration of territories on the Italian peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope from 756 to 1870. They were among the major states of Italy from the 8th c ...

Vietnam

*

Lady Po Nagar Yang Po Inu Nagar Taha or simply Po Inu Nagar (杨婆那加) was the founder of the Cham people according to legends. Title Her full title in Cham language is Yāng-pô inâ Nāga-tāha. It includes the following elements: Heavenly (yang), king ( ...

of

Champa Champa (Cham language, Cham: ꨌꩌꨛꨩ, چمڤا; ; 占城 or 占婆) was a collection of independent Chams, Cham Polity, polities that extended across the coast of what is present-day Central Vietnam, central and southern Vietnam from ...

, According to Cham legend, was the founder of the Cham nation

Yemen

* Bilkis in Yemen, claimed to be

Queen of Sheba The Queen of Sheba, also known as Bilqis in Arabic and as Makeda in Geʽez, is a figure first mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. In the original story, she brings a caravan of valuable gifts for Solomon, the fourth King of Israel and Judah. This a ...

Self-proclaimed monarchs

China

*

Chen Shuozhen Chen Shuozhen (; died 653) was a Tang dynasty woman from Muzhou (in modern Chun'an, Zhejiang), who led a peasant uprising in 653. During the rebellion, she declared herself Empress Wenjia (文佳皇帝), becoming the first female rebel leader ...

(reigned 653) – She led a peasant uprising in 653. During the rebellion, she declared herself '' huangdi''.

Jian Bozan Jian Bozan ( zh, s=翦伯赞, t=翦伯贊, p=Jiǎn Bózàn; April 14, 1898 – December 18, 1968) was a Chinese scholar and Marxist historian of Uyghur descent. Born in Taoyuan County, Hunan Province, Jian became an early supporter of the Ch ...

recognized her as a female '' huangdi''. * Mǐlǔ (), also known as "Invincible

Tian Wang Heavenly King or Tian Wang (), also translated as Heavenly Prince, is a Chinese title for various religious deities and divine leaders throughout history, as well as an alternate form of the term ''Son of Heaven'', referring to the emperor. The ...

( 無敵天王)" – female rebel leader to assume the title of ''

Tian Wang Heavenly King or Tian Wang (), also translated as Heavenly Prince, is a Chinese title for various religious deities and divine leaders throughout history, as well as an alternate form of the term ''Son of Heaven'', referring to the emperor. The ...

'' (天王)

Easter Island

* Koreto, reigning queen of

Easter Island Easter Island (, ; , ) is an island and special territory of Chile in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. The island is renowned for its nearly 1,000 extant monumental statues, ...

(reigned ?–1876) – Dutrou-Bornier married Koreto and appointed her as Queen * Caroline, reigning queen of

Easter Island Easter Island (, ; , ) is an island and special territory of Chile in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. The island is renowned for its nearly 1,000 extant monumental statues, ...

(reigned 1877) – after the death of Dutrou-Bornier, his widow Koreto briefly installed their daughter Caroline as Queen

Guinea

*

Niara Bely Niara Bely (c. 1790 – 1879), also known as Elizabeth Bailey Gomez, was a Luso-African queen who became a prominent businesswoman in nineteenth century Guinea. She was active in the slave trade in Farenya, Guinea. Biography Niara Bely was the d ...

Guinea-Bissau

* Aurelia Correia

Haiti

* Ti Memenne of La Gonâve (reigned ) – she was the tribal ruler of La Gonâve

India

*

Rani Gaidinliu Gaidinliu Pamei (26 January 1915 – 17 February 1993) popularly known as Rani Gaidinliu was an Indian Naga spiritual and political leader who led a revolt against British rule in India. At the age of 13, she joined the Heraka religious moveme ...

, leader of the

Naga people Nagas are various Tibeto-Burman languages, Tibeto-Burman ethnic groups native to northeastern India and northwestern Myanmar. The groups have similar cultures and traditions, and form the majority of population in the Indian state of Nagaland ...

Italy

*

Nina Menegatto The Principality of Seborga (, Ligurian language, Ligurian: ''Prinçipâtu de Seburca'') is an unrecognised micronation that claims a area located in the northwestern Italy, Italian Province of Imperia in Liguria, near the France, French border ...

Jamaica

*

Queen Nanny Nanny of the Maroons Order of National Hero (Jamaica), ONH (c. 1686 – c. 1760), also known as Queen Nanny and Granny Nanny, was a Jamaican revolutionary and leader of the Jamaican Maroons. She led a community of formerly-enslaved escapees, the ...

, leader of the

Jamaican Maroons Jamaican Maroons descend from Africans who freed themselves from slavery in the Colony of Jamaica and established communities of Free black people in Jamaica, free black people in the island's mountainous interior, primarily in the eastern Pari ...

Korea

*

Yi Hae-won Yi Hae-won (; 24 April 1919 – 8 February 2020), also Lee Hae-won, was a member of the House of Yi, the royal family of Joseon and the Korean Empire. Yi was considered a pretender to the throne until her death at the age of 100 in her house in ...

, titular empress regnant of

Korean Empire The Korean Empire, officially the Empire of Korea or Imperial Korea, was a Korean monarchical state proclaimed in October 1897 by King Gojong of the Joseon dynasty. The empire lasted until the Japanese annexation of Korea in August 1910. Dur ...

New Zealand

*

Te Atairangikaahu Dame Te Atairangikaahu (born Pikimene Korokī Mahuta, 23 July 1931 – 15 August 2006) reigned as Māori Queen from 1966 until her death in 2006. Her reign was the longest of any Māori monarch. Her full name and title was Te Arikinui D ...

,

Māori queen Māori or Maori can refer to: Relating to the Māori people * Māori people of New Zealand, or members of that group * Māori language, the language of the Māori people of New Zealand * Māori culture * Cook Islanders, the Māori people of the Co ...

(reigned 1966–2006) *

Nga wai hono i te po Nga wai hono i te po (born 13 January 1997) has been the Māori King movement, Māori queen since 2024, when 2024 Kīngitanga election, she was elected to succeed her father King Tūheitia. The youngest child and only daughter of Tūheitia, she ...

, Māori queen (reigned 2024–present)

Panama

* Rufina Santana, queen of

Naso people The Naso or Teribe people (also Tjër Di) are an Indigenous people of Panama and Costa Rica. They primarily live in northwest Panama in the Bocas del Toro Province and Naso Tjër Di Comarca as well as in southern Costa Rica in the Puntarenas Prov ...

(reigned 1982–1988)

Senegal

*

Aline Sitoe Diatta Aline Sitoe Diatta (also Aline Sitow Diatta or Alyn Sytoe Jata; 1920 – 22 May 1944) was a Senegalese heroine of the opposition to the French colonial empire, and a strong young female symbol of resistance and liberty. A Jola leader of a local r ...

, Queen of

Kabrousse Kabrousse (also spelled Cabrousse) is a village in the rural community of Diembéring, Oussouye, Ziguinchor, Casamance, Senegal. It is a coastal village located a few kilometers south of Cap Skirring. In a straight line, it is the closest place ...

Trinidad and Tobago

The list of Carib Queens were: * Delores MacDavid * Maria Fuentes Werges Ojea * Edith Martinez * Justa Werges * Valentina Medina * Jennifer Cassar *

Nona Aquan Nona Lopez Calderon Galera Moreno Aquan (born August 5, 1954) is Carib Queen of the Arima First Peoples. She was revealed to the community on May 29, 2019, after a traditional ceremony at the community's centre in Arima. Aquan is a Trinidad and ...

United States of America

* Verdiacee Goston, empress of the Washitaw Nation

United States Virgin Islands

The leaders of the 1878 St. Croix labor riot were: * "Queen Mary" Thomas *"Queen Agnes" Salomon *"Queen Mathilda" McBean

Chieftainesses

Argentina

*

Botswana

* Kgosi Basadi Seipone III * Kgosi Rebecca Banika * Mosadi Muriel Seboko (reigned 2002–present), the

kgosi A (; ) is the title for a hereditary leader of a Batswana and South Africa peoples tribe. Usage The word "kgosi" is a Setswana term for "king" or "chief". Various affixes can be added to the word to change its meaning: adding the prefix ''di- ...

kgolo of the

Balete people The Balete people are a Southern African ethnic group. In Botswana they have occupied a permanent territory since around 1780, officially recognized as a civilisation reserve in 1909. They are the only one of eight major tribes that do not belong ...

Brazil

* Juma Xipaia of the Xipaya people (reigned 2015–present) * Mandei Juma of the

Juma people The Júma are an Indigenous people of Brazil, who live in the Terra Indígena Juma in the Amazonas, along the Mucuim River, a tributary of Rio Açuã. Name The Júma are also known as Kagwahibm, Kagwahiph, Kagwahiv, Kavahiva, Kawahip, Kawa ...

* Borea Juma of the

Juma people The Júma are an Indigenous people of Brazil, who live in the Terra Indígena Juma in the Amazonas, along the Mucuim River, a tributary of Rio Açuã. Name The Júma are also known as Kagwahibm, Kagwahiph, Kagwahiv, Kavahiva, Kawahip, Kawa ...

* Ajareaty Waiapi of Waiapi

Burundi

* Nandabunga

Canada

* Marilyn Baptiste *

Elsie Knott Elsie Marie Knott ( Taylor; September 20, 1922December 3, 1995) was the first woman in Canada to be elected as Chief of a First Nation. Knott became Chief of the Curve Lake First Nation in 1954, three years after the Indian Act was amended to giv ...

* Gwendolyn Lucy O'Soup Crane * Sacha Labillois-Kennedy *

Bev Sellars Bev Sellars (born 1955) is a Xat'sull writer of the award-winning book, ''They Called Me Number One: Secrets and Survival at an Indian Residential School'', describing her experiences within the Canadian Indian residential school system. She is ...

*

Marie-Anne Day Walker-Pelletier Marie-Anne Day Walker-Pelletier (born April 15, 1954) is the Chief of the Okanese First Nation. Since becoming chief in 1981 she is the longest-serving female chief in Saskatchewan. In July 2001, Walker-Pelletier was host of a healing conference ...

*

Viola Wyse Viola Wyse (née Drake; August 29, 1947 – August 17, 2009) was a Canadian Canadians () are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) o ...

* Victoria Young of

Giluts'aaw The Giluts'aaẅ (properly spelled with an Umlaut (diacritic), umlaut over the ''w''), also spelled Gilutsau, are one of the 14 tribes of the Tsimshian nation in British Columbia, Canada, and one of the nine of those tribes making up the "Nine Tri ...

Chile

*

María la Grande María ( – ), better known as María la Grande or María Grande (English: María the Great), is the Christian name of a woman who served as the '' cacica'' of the southern Tehuelche people who lived in the Strait of Magellan and the Patagonian ...

* Janequeo *

China

* () *

Lady Xian Lady Xian (or Hsien, ; Vietnamese: Tiển phu nhân; 512–602), also known as Lady of Qiao Guo (or Ch'iao Kuo; ), born as Xian Zhen (冼珍), was a hereditary chieftain of the Li people, born to the chieftain of the Xian tribe in Southern China ...

* Jiāo-jī (), female chieftain of the Màn-zhē (蔓遮) tribe of the

Jianzhou Jurchens The Jianzhou Jurchens () were one of the three major groups of Jurchens as identified by the Ming dynasty. Although the geographic location of the Jianzhou Jurchens changed throughout history, during the 14th century they were located south of ...

(reigned ) * Siji zhuoma (), Golok Queen of the Hongmaocang (红毛仓) tribe of the

Golok people The Golok or Ngolok (; zh, c=果洛, p=guǒluò) peoples live in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China around the upper reaches of the Yellow River () and the sacred mountain Amne Machin (). The Golok were renowned in both Tibe ...

(reigned ) * Lude (), Golok Queen of the Hongmaocang (红毛仓) tribe of the

Golok people The Golok or Ngolok (; zh, c=果洛, p=guǒluò) peoples live in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China around the upper reaches of the Yellow River () and the sacred mountain Amne Machin (). The Golok were renowned in both Tibe ...

(reigned ) *

Cameroon

*

Marie-Thérèse Assiga Ahanda Marie-Thérèse Assiga Ahanda (c. 1941 – February 1, 2014) was a Cameroonian novelist, chemist, and paramount chief of the and people. Early in life, Ahanda worked for the Chemistry Department of the University of Yaoundé. She later moved to ...

Colombia

* Gaitana

Congo

*

Diambi Kabatusuila Queen Diambi Kabatusuila Tshiyoyo Muata is the traditional queen of the Bakwa Luntu tribe of Central Kasaï in the historic Kingdom of Luba. Her name means "the bearer of good news". She Holds the title of Mukalenga Mukaji wa Nkashama wa Bakwa Lu ...

Dominican Republic

* Higuanamá, also spelled Hiquanama,

Cacica Cacica (, ) is a commune in Suceava County, in the historical region of Bukovina, northeastern Romania. The commune is located in the central part of the county, from the town of Gura Humorului, from the city of Rădăuți, and from the coun ...

of

Higüey Higüey (), or in full Salvaleón de Higüey, is the capital city of the eastern La Altagracia Province, in the Dominican Republic, and has 415,084 inhabitants, according to the 2022 census. The Yuma River (Dominican Republic), Yuma River flows t ...

, one of the

Chiefdoms of Hispaniola The chiefdoms of Hispaniola (''cacicazgo'' in Spanish) were the primary political units employed by the Taíno inhabitants of Hispaniola (Taíno: ''Haití, Babeque, Bohío''; Ciguayo'': Quisqueya'')' in the early historical era. At the time of E ...

(reigned ?–1502) – she was described by Las Casas in his ''

A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies ''A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies'' () is an account written by the Spanish Dominican friar Bartolomé de las Casas in 1542 (published in 1552) about the mistreatment of and atrocities committed against the indigenous peoples of ...

'';

Juan de Esquivel Juan de Esquivel (c. 1480 – c. 1513) was a Spanish colonist and first governor of the Colony of Santiago, now Jamaica. Biography Conquistador Juan de Esquivel was a native of Seville, the son of Pedro de Esquivel and Constanza Fernandez de ...

hanged Higuanamá in 1502 * doña María de Higüey,

Cacica Cacica (, ) is a commune in Suceava County, in the historical region of Bukovina, northeastern Romania. The commune is located in the central part of the county, from the town of Gura Humorului, from the city of Rădăuți, and from the coun ...

of

Higüey Higüey (), or in full Salvaleón de Higüey, is the capital city of the eastern La Altagracia Province, in the Dominican Republic, and has 415,084 inhabitants, according to the 2022 census. The Yuma River (Dominican Republic), Yuma River flows t ...

(reigned c. 1514) * Isabel de Iguanama,

Cacica Cacica (, ) is a commune in Suceava County, in the historical region of Bukovina, northeastern Romania. The commune is located in the central part of the county, from the town of Gura Humorului, from the city of Rădăuți, and from the coun ...

of

Higüey Higüey (), or in full Salvaleón de Higüey, is the capital city of the eastern La Altagracia Province, in the Dominican Republic, and has 415,084 inhabitants, according to the 2022 census. The Yuma River (Dominican Republic), Yuma River flows t ...

(reigned c. 1514)

Ecuador

* Juana Guare

Fiji

* Lala Mara, the

Roko Tui Dreketi The ''Roko Tui Dreketi'' is the title of the Paramount Chief of Fiji's Rewa Province and of the Burebasaga Confederacy, to which Rewa belongs. Details on the title This title is considered the second most senior in Fiji's House of Chiefs. The ...

of Rewa (reigned 1957–2004) *

Teimumu Kepa '' Ro'' Teimumu Vuikaba Kepa (born 18 December 1945) is a Fijian chief, former Member of the Parliament of Fiji, and former leader of the Social Democratic Liberal Party. She was the first Fijian woman to serve as Leader of the Opposition. S ...

, the

Roko Tui Dreketi The ''Roko Tui Dreketi'' is the title of the Paramount Chief of Fiji's Rewa Province and of the Burebasaga Confederacy, to which Rewa belongs. Details on the title This title is considered the second most senior in Fiji's House of Chiefs. The ...

of Rewa (reigned 2004–present)

Ghana

*

Gundonaa Samata Abudu Gundonaa Hajia Samata Abudu is the Paramount woman Chief of the Dagbon traditional area in the Northern Region of Ghana. All women Chiefs in that area are subordinate to her. She heads the Gundogu skin, the female equivalent of the Yendi skin, wh ...

* Nana Kofi Abuna V *

Nana Oye Mansa Yeboaa Nana Oye Mansa Yeboaa, also known by the name Mrs. Theresa Owusu, is a Ghanaian people, Ghanaian traditional ruler, politician, public servant and diplomat. She is a woman chief in the Eastern Region (Ghana), Eastern Region of Ghana. She holds th ...

* Peggielene Bartels

Haiti

*

Anacaona Anacaona (1474?–1504), or Golden Flower, was a Taíno cacica, or female ''cacique'' (chief), religious expert, poet and composer born in Xaragua. Before the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492, bohio or babeque to the Taínos (the Spaniards ...

,

Cacica Cacica (, ) is a commune in Suceava County, in the historical region of Bukovina, northeastern Romania. The commune is located in the central part of the county, from the town of Gura Humorului, from the city of Rădăuți, and from the coun ...

of Jaragua, one of the

Chiefdoms of Hispaniola The chiefdoms of Hispaniola (''cacicazgo'' in Spanish) were the primary political units employed by the Taíno inhabitants of Hispaniola (Taíno: ''Haití, Babeque, Bohío''; Ciguayo'': Quisqueya'')' in the early historical era. At the time of E ...

India

* Ganapama, ruler of the Yenamadala branch of the Kotas * Pandambika, ruler of the Tadikonda branch of the Kotas * Vennaladevi, ruler of the Tadikonda branch of the Kotas *

Banaitangi Banaitangi was a Lushai chieftainess known as the sister of Sukpilal and wife of Murchuilal. She is most known for her beauty and poetry at the time and her separation from her husband. She was the first Lushai chieftainess to venture into the ...

, ruler of the western Lushai Sailo family *

Ropuiliani Ropuiliani (1828–3 January 1895) was the first recorded Mizo Queen in history during British colonial rule in the Lushai Hills. She is remembered for her resistance against British colonial forces after the death of her husband, Vandula. She ...

, ruler of the southern Lushai Hills

Ireland

*

Grace O'Malley Gráinne O'Malley (, ; – ), also known as Grace O'Malley, was the head of the Ó Máille dynasty in the west of Ireland, and the daughter of Eóghan Dubhdara Ó Máille. Upon her father's death, she took over active leadership of the lords ...

, also known as "the Pirate Queen", chieftainess of the Ó Máille clan in

Umaill Umhaill or Umhall (anglicized as Owill or Owel) was a Gaelic Ireland, Gaelic territory around Clew Bay in the west of what is now County Mayo, Republic of Ireland, Ireland, comprising the barony (Ireland), baronies of Burrishoole (Lower Owel) an ...

Israel

*

Deborah According to the Book of Judges, Deborah (, ''Dəḇōrā'') was a prophetess of Judaism, the fourth Judge of pre-monarchic Israel, and the only female judge mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. Many scholars contend that the phrase, "a woman of Lap ...

, the only female judge of Israelite tribes in

Biblical judges The judges (sing. , pl. ) whose stories are recounted in the Hebrew Bible, primarily in the Book of Judges, were individuals who served as military leaders of the tribes of Israel in times of crisis, in the period before the monarchy was estab ...

Kenya

*

Wangu wa Makeri Wangũ wa Makeri (c. 1856–1915 or 1936) was a Kikuyu tribal chief, known as a headman, during the British Colonial period in Kenya. She was the only female Kikuyu headman during the period, who later resigned following a scandal in which she en ...

Korea

* Chieftainess buried in (정촌고분)

Kyrgyzstan

* Kurmanjan Datka, also known as "The

Tsaritsa Tsarina or tsaritsa (also spelled ''csarina'' or ''csaricsa'', ''tzarina'' or ''tzaritza'', or ''czarina'' or ''czaricza''; ; ; ) is the title of a female autocratic ruler (monarch) of Bulgaria, Serbia, and Russia, or the title of a tsar's wife ...

of Alai", tribal leader of

Alay (or ''4L4Y'', ', ''Anak Jablay'' or ', ) is an Indonesian pop culture phenomenon.Kasali, Rhenald. 2011. ''Cracking Zone''. Jakarta: Gramedia. Hal. 71. The term refers to a stereotype describing something "tacky" ('), "cheesy" (') and/or being e ...

(reigned 1862–1876)

Liberia

* Mary Larteh *

Suah Koko Suah Koko (also known as Suacoco, Madam Suakoko and Nye-Sua Coco) was an indigenous Liberian ruler who lived between the late 19th and early 20th century. She fought several battles against the expansionary Liberia Frontier Force before enterin ...

Malawi

* Theresa Kachindamoto

Malaysia

* Datuk Puteri Siti Awan I, female

Undang The Undang Yang Empat (Negeri Sembilan Malay: ''Undang Nan Ompek''; Jawi script, Jawi: أوندڠ يڠ امڤت) are the ruling chiefs or territorial chiefs who play an important role in the election of a new Yamtuan Besar, Yang di-Pertuan Besar ...

of

Johol Johol (Negeri Sembilan Malay: ''Joho'') is a town, a mukim and a state assembly constituency in Kuala Pilah District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. It is roughly halfway between Tampin and Kuala Pilah, along . Features Johol town houses one of th ...

* Datuk Rambut Panjang, female

Undang The Undang Yang Empat (Negeri Sembilan Malay: ''Undang Nan Ompek''; Jawi script, Jawi: أوندڠ يڠ امڤت) are the ruling chiefs or territorial chiefs who play an important role in the election of a new Yamtuan Besar, Yang di-Pertuan Besar ...

of

Johol Johol (Negeri Sembilan Malay: ''Joho'') is a town, a mukim and a state assembly constituency in Kuala Pilah District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. It is roughly halfway between Tampin and Kuala Pilah, along . Features Johol town houses one of th ...

* Datuk Puteri Siti Awan II, female

Undang The Undang Yang Empat (Negeri Sembilan Malay: ''Undang Nan Ompek''; Jawi script, Jawi: أوندڠ يڠ امڤت) are the ruling chiefs or territorial chiefs who play an important role in the election of a new Yamtuan Besar, Yang di-Pertuan Besar ...

of

Johol Johol (Negeri Sembilan Malay: ''Joho'') is a town, a mukim and a state assembly constituency in Kuala Pilah District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. It is roughly halfway between Tampin and Kuala Pilah, along . Features Johol town houses one of th ...

Marshall Islands

* Tarjikit * Atama Zedkaia

New Zealand

Māori people

*

Hine-i-paketia Hine-i-paketia, also known as Ani, (fl. 1850–1870) was a New Zealand Māori tribal leader. She identified with the Ngāti Kahungunu and Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti iwi Iwi () are the largest social units in New Zealand Māori society. In Māori, ...

* Hinematioro

Rarotonga

* Makea Te Vaerua Ariki, High Chiefess of

Te Au O Tonga ''Te Au o Tonga'' ("the mist of the South") is a reconstruction of a ''vaka moana'', a double-hulled Polynesian voyaging canoe. It was built in 1994 by former Cook Islands Prime Minister Thomas Davis and the Cook Islands Voyaging Society. It was ...

(reigned 1845–1857) *

Pa Upoko Takau Ariki Pa Upoko Takau Ariki (? – 19 March 1896) was a sovereign of the Cook Islands. She was the ''ariki'' of the ''Pa'' dynasty, one of the two chiefdoms of the '' Takitumu'' tribe on the island of Rarotonga. Early life Pa Upoko (also known as Mere P ...

, High Chiefess of Takitumu (reigned 1855–1890) * Tinomana Mereana Ariki, High Chiefess of Puaikura (reigned 1881–1908)

Niger

*

Sarraounia Sarraounia Mangou was a chief/priestess of the animist Azna subgroup of the Hausa, who fought French colonial troops of the Voulet–Chanoine Mission at the Battle of Lougou (in present-day Niger) in 1899. Biography ''Sarraounia'' means '' ...

Nigeria

*

Abibatu Mogaji Chief Abibatu Mogaji (16 October 1916 – 15 June 2013) was a Nigerian business magnate and the Ìyál'ọ́jà of Lagos. She was the mother of the president of Nigeria Chief Bola Tinubu. Early life Abibatu Mogaji was born on 16 October 1916, ...

,

Ìyál'ọ́jà (pronounced ''ee-yah-lo-ja'') is a Yoruba word that literally translates to "Mother of the Market". It has commonly been used to refer to a prominent traditional chieftaincy title among the Yoruba people. History Across various Yoruba markets a ...

of

Lagos Lagos ( ; ), or Lagos City, is a large metropolitan city in southwestern Nigeria. With an upper population estimated above 21 million dwellers, it is the largest city in Nigeria, the most populous urban area on the African continent, and on ...

*

Abiola Dosunmu Chieftain, Chief Abiola Dosunmu (formerly Dosunmu-Elegbede-Fernandez, born 29 July 1947), is a Nigerian businesswoman, socialite and Nigerian Chieftaincy, traditional aristocrat. In addition to a variety of other chieftaincy titles, she currently ...

,

Erelu Kuti The Erelu Kuti of Lagos is the traditional aristocrat charged with the bearing of the ritual essence of Oloye Erelu Kuti I, an eighteenth-century Yoruba royal who aided in the consolidation of her homeland. Erelu Kuti I was born the daughter ...

of

Lagos Lagos ( ; ), or Lagos City, is a large metropolitan city in southwestern Nigeria. With an upper population estimated above 21 million dwellers, it is the largest city in Nigeria, the most populous urban area on the African continent, and on ...

*

Agbani Darego Chief Ibiagbanidokibubo Asenite 'Agbani' Darego, MFR (born 22 December 1982) is a Nigerian model and beauty queen who was crowned Miss World 2001. She was the first black African to win Miss World. Early life Abonnema-native Darego was born i ...

,

Oloye ''Oba'' ('King' in the Yoruba language, Yoruba language) is a pre-nominal honorific for kings in Yorubaland. Traditional rulers with dynasties of Yoruba origin, across the modern republics of Benin, Nigeria, and Togo, frequently make use of it. ...

of

Lagos Lagos ( ; ), or Lagos City, is a large metropolitan city in southwestern Nigeria. With an upper population estimated above 21 million dwellers, it is the largest city in Nigeria, the most populous urban area on the African continent, and on ...

*

Ahebi Ugbabe King Ahebi Ugbabe (died 1948) was king ('' eze'') and warrant chief of Enugu-Ezike, Nigeria. She was the only female king in colonial Nigeria. Her life's impact is described by Nwando Achebe: "She was a 'slave' married to a deity, a runaway, a ...

, Eze of

Enugu-Ezike Enugu Ezike is a large town and one of the most prominent communities in Enugu State, Nigeria. It is the headquarters of Igbo-Eze North Local Government Area (LGA) and is known for its rich cultural heritage, historical significance, and econom ...

* Alaba Lawson,

Iyalode The Ìyálóde is a high-ranking female chieftain in most of the Yoruba traditional states. The title is currently within the gift of the obas, although Njoku asserted in 2002 that the process of choosing an Ìyálóde in pre-colonial Nigeria ...

of

Yorubaland Yorubaland () is the homeland and cultural region of the Yoruba people in West Africa. It spans the modern-day countries of Nigeria, Togo and Benin, and covers a total land area of . Of this land area, 106,016 km2 (74.6%) lies within Niger ...

*

Aminatu Abiodun Chief Aminatu Abiodun (1924-2018) was the 13th Iyalode of Ibadan. Often described as the most powerful woman in Ibadan before her death, Abiodun was noted for her influence within the Olubadan-in-Council - the traditional government of the kingd ...

,

Iyalode The Ìyálóde is a high-ranking female chieftain in most of the Yoruba traditional states. The title is currently within the gift of the obas, although Njoku asserted in 2002 that the process of choosing an Ìyálóde in pre-colonial Nigeria ...

of

Ibadan Ibadan (, ; ) is the Capital city, capital and most populous city of Oyo State, in Nigeria. It is the List of Nigerian cities by population, third-largest city by population in Nigeria after Lagos and Kano (city), Kano, with a total populatio ...

*

Efunroye Tinubu Efunroye Tinubu ( 1810 – 1887), born Ẹfúnpọ̀róyè Ọ̀ṣuntinúbú, was a powerful Yoruba female aristocrat, merchant, and slave trader in pre-colonial and colonial Nigeria. She was a politically and economically influential figure ...

,

Iyalode The Ìyálóde is a high-ranking female chieftain in most of the Yoruba traditional states. The title is currently within the gift of the obas, although Njoku asserted in 2002 that the process of choosing an Ìyálóde in pre-colonial Nigeria ...

of

Egbaland The Egba people are a subgroup of the Yoruba people, an ethnic group of western Nigeria, a majority of whom are from the central part of Ogun State, that is Ogun Central Senatorial District. Ogun Central Senatorial District comprises six local ...

*

Efunsetan Aniwura Chief Ẹfúnṣetán Aníwúrà (c. 1820s – June 30, 1874) was the second Iyalode of Ibadan and one of the pre-eminent slave traders in the 19th century Ibadan. Revered as a successful merchant and trader, her impact encompassed the political ...

,

Iyalode The Ìyálóde is a high-ranking female chieftain in most of the Yoruba traditional states. The title is currently within the gift of the obas, although Njoku asserted in 2002 that the process of choosing an Ìyálóde in pre-colonial Nigeria ...

of

Ibadan Ibadan (, ; ) is the Capital city, capital and most populous city of Oyo State, in Nigeria. It is the List of Nigerian cities by population, third-largest city by population in Nigeria after Lagos and Kano (city), Kano, with a total populatio ...

*

Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti Chief Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, MON (; born Frances Abigail Olufunmilayo Olufela Folorunso Thomas; 25 October 190013 April 1978), also known as Funmilayo Aníkúlápó-Kuti, was a Nigerian educator, political campaigner, suffragist, and women ...

,

Oloye ''Oba'' ('King' in the Yoruba language, Yoruba language) is a pre-nominal honorific for kings in Yorubaland. Traditional rulers with dynasties of Yoruba origin, across the modern republics of Benin, Nigeria, and Togo, frequently make use of it. ...

of

Yorubaland Yorubaland () is the homeland and cultural region of the Yoruba people in West Africa. It spans the modern-day countries of Nigeria, Togo and Benin, and covers a total land area of . Of this land area, 106,016 km2 (74.6%) lies within Niger ...

* Laduntan Oyekanmi,

Iyalode The Ìyálóde is a high-ranking female chieftain in most of the Yoruba traditional states. The title is currently within the gift of the obas, although Njoku asserted in 2002 that the process of choosing an Ìyálóde in pre-colonial Nigeria ...

of

Ibadan Ibadan (, ; ) is the Capital city, capital and most populous city of Oyo State, in Nigeria. It is the List of Nigerian cities by population, third-largest city by population in Nigeria after Lagos and Kano (city), Kano, with a total populatio ...

*

Wuraola Esan Chieftain, Chief Wuraola Adepeju Esan (1909–1985) was a Nigerian teacher, feminist and politician. She combined her political ambitions with those of a Nigerian chiefs, traditional aristocrat by serving as the Iyalode (title), Iyalode of Ibada ...

,

Iyalode The Ìyálóde is a high-ranking female chieftain in most of the Yoruba traditional states. The title is currently within the gift of the obas, although Njoku asserted in 2002 that the process of choosing an Ìyálóde in pre-colonial Nigeria ...

of

Ibadan Ibadan (, ; ) is the Capital city, capital and most populous city of Oyo State, in Nigeria. It is the List of Nigerian cities by population, third-largest city by population in Nigeria after Lagos and Kano (city), Kano, with a total populatio ...

Palau

* Gloria Salii

Panama

*

Silvia Carrera Silvia Carrera Concepción (born 1970 in Cerro Pelado) is the current ''General Cacique'' of the Ngöbe-Buglé Comarca autonomous indigenous territory of western Panama. She was elected in September 2011.

Papua New Guinea

* Koloka of Naara (reigned c. 1884 – c. 1910)

Peru

* Capillana, *

Tomasa Tito Condemayta Doña Tomasa Ttito Condemayta Hurtado de Mendoza (1729 – 18 May 1781) was a leading force in the indigenous uprising against the Spanish colonial rulers under Tupac Amaru II in the 18th century in Peru. She was cacica of her people in the 1770s, ...

Puerto Rico

* Luisa, also known as Yuisa,

Cacica Cacica (, ) is a commune in Suceava County, in the historical region of Bukovina, northeastern Romania. The commune is located in the central part of the county, from the town of Gura Humorului, from the city of Rădăuți, and from the coun ...

of Loíza (reigned ?–1513)

Sierra Leone

* Nyarroh of the Barri Chiefdom * Daughter of Nyarroh of the Barri Chiefdom * Madam Nenge of the Baoma Chiefdom * Madam Matolo of the Nongowa Chiefdom * Humonya of the Nongowa Chiefdom *

Ella Koblo Gulama Paramount Chief Ella Koblo Gulama OBE, GCOR (26 January 1921 – 9 September 2006)Kaiyamba Chiefdom

South Africa

* Phylia Nwamitwa II * Queen Hoho of

Khoekhoe Khoikhoi ( /ˈkɔɪkɔɪ/ ''KOY-koy'') (or Khoekhoe in Namibian orthography) are the traditionally nomadic pastoralist indigenous population of South Africa. They are often grouped with the hunter-gatherer San (literally "foragers") peop ...

(reigned )

South Sudan

* Mathiang Yak Anek

Taiwan

* () of the

Paiwan people The Paiwan () are an indigenous people of Taiwan. They speak the Paiwan language. In 2014, the Paiwan numbered 96,334. This was approximately 17.8% of Taiwan's total indigenous population, making them the second-largest indigenous group. The ma ...

(排灣族) (reigned ?–1723) * Leng-leng () of the

Paiwan people The Paiwan () are an indigenous people of Taiwan. They speak the Paiwan language. In 2014, the Paiwan numbered 96,334. This was approximately 17.8% of Taiwan's total indigenous population, making them the second-largest indigenous group. The ma ...

(排灣族) (reigned c. 1770) * Bao-zhu () of the

Puyuma people The Puyuma (), also known as the Pinuyumayan, Peinan or Beinan, are one of the indigenous groups of the Taiwanese aborigines. The people are generally divided into the Chihpen and Nanwang groups, both resident in Taitung County on the east coast ...

(卑南族) (reigned in the early 19th century)

Tanzania

* Therese Ntare VI of Heru

Uganda

The female chiefs, Murogo and her female descendants, worked for the

Ankole Ankole was a traditional Bantu peoples, Bantu kingdom in Uganda and lasted from the 15th century until 1967. The kingdom was located in south-western Uganda, east of Lake Edward. Geography The kingdom of Ankole is located in the South-Western ...

kings for several generation in the

Ibanda Ibanda is a town in the Western Region of Uganda. It is the main political, administrative, and commercial centre of Ibanda District and the site of the district headquarters. It started way back in the 1990s and was elevated from a trading ce ...

area. * Murogo of Ibanda (reigned in the early 19th century) * Nyabuzana of Ibanda (reigned in the mid-19th century) * Kishokye of Ibanda (reigned ?–1903) * Julia Kibubura of Ibanda (reigned 1903–1926)

United States of America

* Askamaboo * Oholasc *

Quaiapen Quaiapen ( July 2, 1676), also known as Magnus, Matantuck, Old Queen, or Watowswokotaus, was a Narragansett-Niantic female sachem (saunkskwa) who was the last sachem captured or killed during King Philip’s War.

, also known as Old Queen *

Squaw Sachem of Mistick Squaw Sachem of Mistick (-1650 or 1667) a. k. a. "Massachusetts Queene" was a prominent leader of a Massachusett tribe who deeded large tracts of land in eastern Massachusetts to early colonial settlers. Squaw Sachem was the widow of Nanepashemet, ...

, also known as Massachusetts Queene * Edith Turner * Phyliss J. Anderson * Zara Cisco Brough * Sharon Bryant (politician), Sharon Bryant * Alice Brown Davis * Joyce Dugan * Lucy Tayiah Eads * Eagle Woman * Robbie Hedges * Cheryll Toney Holley * Viola Jimulla * Wilma Mankiller * G. Anne Richardson * Wah-Pah-Ho-Ko * Glenna Wallace * Opossunoquonuske, also known as Queen of Appamatuck * The Lady of Cofitachequi * Pine Leaf * Glory of the Morning * Cockacoeske of Pamunkey * Queen Betty of Pamunkey * Queen Ann (Pamunkey chief), Queen Ann of Pamunkey * Weetamoo * Awashonks * Queen Alliquippa * Queen of Weyanoke people, Wayonaoake, name unknown (reigned ) – she was one of the Native American leaders who signed the Treaty of 1677 * Tabbity Abby of Accomac people, Accomac * Mary of Accomac people, Accomac * Queen of Pungoteague, Virginia, Pungoteague, name unknown (reigned ) – she was mentioned by Robert Beverley, Jr., Robert Beverley in 1705 * Weunquesh of Narragansett people, Narragansett – she succeeded her father Ninigret * Queen Esther of Narragansett people, Narragansett

Vanuatu

* Motarilavoa Hilda Lin̄i

Venezuela

* Apacuana * * * *

Yemen

* Sharifa Fatima

Semi-independent feudal rulers

Bangladesh

* Rani Bhabani, zamindar of Rajshahi Raj family * Saratsundari Devi, zamindar of Puthia Raj family * , zamindar of Puthia Raj family

India

* Rani Bhawani, zamindar of Midnapore Raj * Rani Shiromani, zamindar of Midnapore Raj * Rani Rashmoni, zamindar of Janbazar * , zamindar of Ramnad estate * , zamindar of Ramnad estate * Parvatha Vardhani Ammal Nachchiyar, zamindar of Ramnad estate * Kathama Nachiar, zamindar of Sivaganga estate * Anna Purna, zamindar of Pal Lahara State * Chellamma, zamindar of Avuku * Rani Dhwaja Moni Devi, zamindar of Bishnupur Kingdom, Bishnupur (reigned 1885–1889)

Crown landholders

Bangladesh

Between the 1204 and 1352, Bengal was a province of the Delhi Sultanate.

Cyprus

Estonia

Swedish Estonia * Christina, Queen of Sweden, Christina (reigned 6 November 1632 – 6 June 1654) * Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden, Ulrika Eleonora (reigned 5 December 1718 – 29 February 1720) Russian Estonia * Catherine I (reigned 8 February 1725 – 17 May 1727) * Anna of Russia, Anna (reigned 13 February 1730 – 28 October 1740) * Elizabeth of Russia, Elizabeth (reigned 6 December 1741 – 5 January 1762) * Catherine II (reigned 9 July 1762 – 6 November 1796)

Finland

Swedish Finland * Margaret I of Denmark (reigned 1389–1412) * Christina, Queen of Sweden, Christina (reigned 1632–1654) * Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden, Ulrika Eleonora (reigned 1719–1720)

Iceland

Norwegian Iceland * Margaret I of Denmark, Margaret I (reigned 1388 – 28 October 1412)

Israel and Palestine

Thutmose III of the New Kingdom of Egypt conquered Canaan.

Sudan

Thutmose I of the New Kingdom of Egypt conquered Nubia.

Suriname

* Juliana of the Netherlands, Juliana (reigned 1954–1975)

Notes

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:List of women monarchs Lists of monarchs, -women Lists of women by occupation, monarchs Queens regnant, * Empresses regnant, * Women monarchs, * Lists of queens, *

Monarchs

Africa

North Africa

= Algeria

= Canary Islands

= Egypt

= Libya

= Sudan

West Africa

= Benin

= The Gambia

= Ghana

= Guinea-Bissau

= Côte d'Ivoire

= Liberia

= Mali

= Nigeria

= Senegal

= Sierra Leone

Central Africa

= Angola

= Cameroon

= Chad

East Africa

= Comoros

= Ethiopia

= Kenya

= Madagascar

= Mauritius

= Mozambique

= Somalia

= Somaliland

= South Sudan

= Tanzania

= Uganda

Southern Africa

= Malawi

= Namibia

= South Africa

= Zambia

= Zimbabwe

Americas

North America

= Canada

= Mexico

Central America

= Belize

= Guatemala

Caribbean

= West Indies

South America

= Brazil

= Ecuador

= Guyana

= Peru

Asia

East Asia

= China

= Japan

= Korea

South Asia

= Bangladesh

= India

= Maldives

= Nepal

= Pakistan

= Sri Lanka

Southeast Asia

= Cambodia

= Indonesia

= Laos

= Myanmar

= Philippines

= Thailand

= Timor-Leste

= Vietnam

West Asia

= Iran

= Iraq

= Israel and Palestine