:''See probabilism for the followers of such a theory in

theology Theology is the study of religious belief from a Religion, religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity. It is taught as an Discipline (academia), academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itse ...

philosophy Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, Value (ethics and social sciences), value, mind, and language. It is a rational an ...

''. {{ProbabilityTopicsTOC This list contains only probabilists in the sense of

mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, mathematical structure, structure, space, Mathematica ...

s specializing in

probability theory Probability theory or probability calculus is the branch of mathematics concerned with probability. Although there are several different probability interpretations, probability theory treats the concept in a rigorous mathematical manner by expre ...

. * David Aldous (born 1952) * Siva Athreya (born 1971) *

Thomas Bayes Thomas Bayes ( , ; 7 April 1761) was an English statistician, philosopher and Presbyterian minister who is known for formulating a specific case of the theorem that bears his name: Bayes' theorem. Bayes never published what would become his m ...

(1702–1761) - British mathematician and

Presbyterian Presbyterianism is a historically Reformed Protestant tradition named for its form of church government by representative assemblies of elders, known as "presbyters". Though other Reformed churches are structurally similar, the word ''Pr ...

minister, known for

Bayes' theorem Bayes' theorem (alternatively Bayes' law or Bayes' rule, after Thomas Bayes) gives a mathematical rule for inverting Conditional probability, conditional probabilities, allowing one to find the probability of a cause given its effect. For exampl ...

* Gerard Ben-Arous (born 1957) - Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences * Itai Benjamini *

Jakob Bernoulli Jacob Bernoulli (also known as James in English or Jacques in French; – 16 August 1705) was a Swiss mathematician. He sided with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz during the Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy and was an early proponent of Leibniz ...

(1654–1705) - Switzerland, known for Bernoulli trials *

Joseph Louis François Bertrand Joseph Louis François Bertrand (; 11 March 1822 – 5 April 1900) was a French mathematician whose work emphasized number theory, differential geometry, probability theory, economics and thermodynamics. Biography Joseph Bertrand was the son of ...

(1822–1900) * Abram Samoilovitch Besicovitch (1891–1970) * Patrick Billingsley (1925–2011) * Erwin Bolthausen (born 1945) * Carlo Emilio Bonferroni (1892–1960) *

Émile Borel Félix Édouard Justin Émile Borel (; 7 January 1871 – 3 February 1956) was a French people, French mathematician and politician. As a mathematician, he was known for his founding work in the areas of measure theory and probability. Biograp ...

(1871–1956) *

Sourav Chatterjee Sourav Chatterjee (born 26 November 1979) is an Indian Bengali mathematician from West Bengal, specializing in mathematical statistics and probability theory. Chatterjee is credited with work on the study of fluctuations in random structures, ...

(born 1979) * Kai Lai Chung (1917–2009) * Erhan Çınlar (born 1941) *

Harald Cramér Harald Cramér (; 25 September 1893 – 5 October 1985) was a Swedish mathematician, actuary, and statistician, specializing in mathematical statistics and probabilistic number theory. John Kingman described him as "one of the giants of statis ...

(1893–1985) * Amir Dembo (born 1958) *

Persi Diaconis Persi Warren Diaconis (; born January 31, 1945) is an American mathematician of Greek descent and former professional magician. He is the Mary V. Sunseri Professor of Statistics and Mathematics at Stanford University. He is particularly known f ...

(born 1945) * Hugo Duminil-Copin (born 1985) * Joseph Leo Doob (1910–2004) * Lester Dubins (1920–2010) * Eugene Dynkin (1924–2014) * Robert J. Elliott (born 1940) *

Paul Erdős Paul Erdős ( ; 26March 191320September 1996) was a Hungarian mathematician. He was one of the most prolific mathematicians and producers of mathematical conjectures of the 20th century. pursued and proposed problems in discrete mathematics, g ...

(1913–1996) * Alison Etheridge (born 1964) * Steve Evans (born 1960) *

William Feller William "Vilim" Feller (July 7, 1906 – January 14, 1970), born Vilibald Srećko Feller, was a Croatian–American mathematician specializing in probability theory. Early life and education Feller was born in Zagreb to Ida Oemichen-Perc, a Cro ...

(1906–1970) *

Bruno de Finetti Bruno de Finetti (13 June 1906 – 20 July 1985) was an Italian probabilist statistician and actuary, noted for the "operational subjective" conception of probability. The classic exposition of his distinctive theory is the 1937 , which discuss ...

(1906–1985) - Italian probabilist and

statistician A statistician is a person who works with Theory, theoretical or applied statistics. The profession exists in both the private sector, private and public sectors. It is common to combine statistical knowledge with expertise in other subjects, a ...

* Geoffrey Grimmett (born 1950) * Alice Guionnet (born 1969) *

Ian Hacking Ian MacDougall Hacking (February 18, 1936 – May 10, 2023) was a Canadian philosopher specializing in the philosophy of science. Throughout his career, he won numerous awards, such as the Killam Prize for the Humanities and the Balzan Prize, ...

(1936–2023) *

Paul Halmos Paul Richard Halmos (; 3 March 1916 – 2 October 2006) was a Kingdom of Hungary, Hungarian-born United States, American mathematician and probabilist who made fundamental advances in the areas of mathematical logic, probability theory, operat ...

(1916–2006) *

Joseph Halpern Joseph Yehuda Halpern (born May 29, 1953) is an Israeli-American professor of computer science at Cornell University. Most of his research is on reasoning about knowledge and uncertainty. Biography Halpern graduated in 1975 from University of To ...

(born 1953) * David Heath (c.1943–2011) * Wassily Hoeffding (1914–1991) *

Kiyoshi Itô Kiyoshi, (きよし or キヨシ), is a Japanese given name, also spelled Kyoshi. Possible meanings *'' Kyōshi'', a form of Japanese poetry *Kyōshi, a Japanese honorific Written forms *清, "cleanse" *淳, "pure" *潔, "undefiled" *清志, ...

(1915–2008) * Jean Jacod (born 1944) *

Edwin Thompson Jaynes Edwin Thompson Jaynes (July 5, 1922 – April 30, 1998) was the Wayman Crow Distinguished Professor of Physics at Washington University in St. Louis. He wrote extensively on statistical mechanics and on foundations of probability and statistic ...

(1922–1998) * Mark Kac (1914–1984) * Olav Kallenberg (born 1939) * Rudolf E. Kálmán (1930–2016) * Samuel Karlin (1924–2007) * David George Kendall (1918–2007) * Richard Kenyon (born 1964) -

Yale University Yale University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701, Yale is the List of Colonial Colleges, third-oldest institution of higher education in the United Stat ...

* Harry Kesten (1931–2019) *

John Maynard Keynes John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes ( ; 5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), was an English economist and philosopher whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments. Originall ...

(1883–1946) - best known for his pioneering work in

economics Economics () is a behavioral science that studies the Production (economics), production, distribution (economics), distribution, and Consumption (economics), consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interac ...

* Aleksandr Khinchin (1894–1959) *

Andrey Kolmogorov Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov ( rus, Андре́й Никола́евич Колмого́ров, p=ɐnˈdrʲej nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ kəlmɐˈɡorəf, a=Ru-Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov.ogg, 25 April 1903 – 20 October 1987) was a Soviet ...

(1903–1987) *

Pierre-Simon Laplace Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (; ; 23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827) was a French polymath, a scholar whose work has been instrumental in the fields of physics, astronomy, mathematics, engineering, statistics, and philosophy. He summariz ...

(1749–1827) * Gregory Lawler (born 1955) * Lucien Le Cam (1924–2000) * Jean-François Le Gall (born 1959) * Paul Lévy (1886–1971) *

Jarl Waldemar Lindeberg Jarl Waldemar Lindeberg (4 August 1876, Helsinki – 24 December 1932, Helsinki) was a Finnish mathematician known for work on the central limit theorem. Life and work Lindeberg was son of a teacher at the Helsinki Polytechnical Institute and a ...

(1876–1932) *

Andrey Markov Andrey Andreyevich Markov (14 June 1856 – 20 July 1922) was a Russian mathematician best known for his work on stochastic processes. A primary subject of his research later became known as the Markov chain. He was also a strong, close to mas ...

(1856–1922) *

Stefan Mazurkiewicz Stefan Mazurkiewicz (25 September 1888 – 19 June 1945) was a Polish mathematician who worked in mathematical analysis, topology, and probability. He was a student of Wacław Sierpiński and a member of the Polish Academy of Learning (''PAU''). ...

(1888–1945) * Henry P. McKean, Jr (1930–2024) * Paul-André Meyer (1934–2003) *

Richard von Mises Richard Martin Edler von Mises (; 19 April 1883 – 14 July 1953) was an Austrian scientist and mathematician who worked on solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, aeronautics, statistics and probability theory. He held the position of ...

(1883–1953) *

Abraham de Moivre Abraham de Moivre FRS (; 26 May 166727 November 1754) was a French mathematician known for de Moivre's formula, a formula that links complex numbers and trigonometry, and for his work on the normal distribution and probability theory. He move ...

(1667–1754) * Octav Onicescu (1892–1983) * K. R. Parthasarathy (1936–2023) *

Blaise Pascal Blaise Pascal (19June 162319August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and Catholic Church, Catholic writer. Pascal was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen. His earliest ...

(1623–1662) * Charles E. M. Pearce (1940–2012) *

Judea Pearl Judea Pearl (; born September 4, 1936) is an Israeli-American computer scientist and philosopher, best known for championing the probabilistic approach to artificial intelligence and the development of Bayesian networks (see the article on belie ...

(born 1936) * Yuval Peres (born 1963) * Edwin A. Perkins (born 1953) * Loren D. Pitt (born 1939) *

Siméon Denis Poisson Baron Siméon Denis Poisson (, ; ; 21 June 1781 – 25 April 1840) was a French mathematician and physicist who worked on statistics, complex analysis, partial differential equations, the calculus of variations, analytical mechanics, electricity ...

(1781–1840) * Yuri Vasilevich Prokhorov (1929–2013) *

Frank P. Ramsey Frank Plumpton Ramsey (; 22 February 1903 – 19 January 1930) was a British people, British philosopher, mathematician, and economist who made major contributions to all three fields before his death at the age of 26. He was a close friend of ...

(1903–1930) *

Alfréd Rényi Alfréd Rényi (20 March 1921 – 1 February 1970) was a Hungarian mathematician known for his work in probability theory, though he also made contributions in combinatorics, graph theory, and number theory. Life Rényi was born in Budapest to A ...

(1921–1970) * Oded Schramm (1961–2008) * Romano Scozzafava (born 1935) * Scott Sheffield (born 1973) * Albert Shiryaev (born 1934) * Yakov Sinai (born 1935) * Ray Solomonoff (1926–2009) * Frank Spitzer (1926–1992) * Ruslan L. Stratonovich (1930–1997) * Daniel W. Stroock (1940–2025) *

Tibor Szele Tibor Szele (21 June 1918 – 5 April 1955) Hungarian mathematician, working in combinatorics and abstract algebra In mathematics, more specifically algebra, abstract algebra or modern algebra is the study of algebraic structures, which ...

(1918–1955) * Alain-Sol Sznitman (born 1955) * Michel Talagrand (born 1952) * Heinrich Emil Timerding (1873–1945) * Andrei Toom (1942–2012) * S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan (born 1940) - 2007 Abel Prize laureate * Gopinath Kallianpur (1925-2015) * Bhamidi V. Rao (born 1945) * Bálint Virág (born 1973) * Wendelin Werner (born 1968) *

Norbert Wiener Norbert Wiener (November 26, 1894 – March 18, 1964) was an American computer scientist, mathematician, and philosopher. He became a professor of mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT). A child prodigy, Wiener late ...

(1894–1964) * David Williams * Ofer Zeitouni (born 1960) -

Weizmann Institute The Weizmann Institute of Science ( ''Machon Weizmann LeMada'') is a Public university, public research university in Rehovot, Israel, established in 1934, fourteen years before the State of Israel was founded. Unlike other List of Israeli uni ...

Rudolf Carnap Rudolf Carnap (; ; 18 May 1891 – 14 September 1970) was a German-language philosopher who was active in Europe before 1935 and in the United States thereafter. He was a major member of the Vienna Circle and an advocate of logical positivism. ...

(1891–1970) - one of the giants among twentieth-century philosophers (best known for confirmation probability) *

Harold Jeffreys Sir Harold Jeffreys, FRS (22 April 1891 – 18 March 1989) was a British geophysicist who made significant contributions to mathematics and statistics. His book, ''Theory of Probability'', which was first published in 1939, played an importan ...

(1891–1989) - one of the giants within Bayesian statistics school *

Richard Jeffrey Richard Carl Jeffrey (August 5, 1926 – November 9, 2002) was an American philosopher, logician, and probability theorist. He is best known for developing and championing the philosophy of radical probabilism and the associated heuristic of ...

(1926–2002) - best known for the philosophy of radical probabilism and Jeffrey conditioning * Karamat Ali Karamat (1936–2022) * Terence Tao (born 1975) * Richard M. Dudley (1938–2020) * William Timothy Gowers (born 1963) * Bálint Tóth (born 1955) * Rajeeva L. Karandikar (born 1956)

See also